Title 24: Energy Code Compliance in Modern Buildings Presented on 27 January 2015 by Andrew S. Klein, P.E. Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
“The Wood Products Council ” is This course is registered with a Registered Provider with The AIA CES for continuing American Institute of Architects professional education. As Continuing Education Systems such, it does not include (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or Credit(s) earned on completion manner of handling, using, of this course will be reported to distributing, or dealing in any AIA CES for AIA members. material or product. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA __________________________________ members are available upon _________ request. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Course Description This presentation focuses on the challenges of meeting requirements of the 2013 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6) in modern buildings, with an emphasis on wood-frame construction. Topics will include scope, content and significant changes since the previous edition. Compliance path options will also be discussed in the context of specific building systems and features as well as related design considerations. Requirements in the national model code, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), will also be briefly reviewed.
Learning Objectives 1. Discuss the scope, purpose and requirements of the 2013 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards in the context of building energy consumption and environmental performance improvement. 2. Identify significant changes between the 2008 and 2013 editions of the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards. 3. Consider various paths of compliance when designing a wood- frame building in California and elsewhere, bridging the gap between code and application. 4. Identify solutions to common design and construction issues related to energy code requirements.
Energy Codes in the United States • Model code • Developed by ICC • Local governments adopt • Add amendments 47 States, DC, PR & VI
Development of the IECC • Model Code developed by ICC • Updated on a three-year cycle • Consensus process • Public Development Process
CEC - Authority & Process Public Resources Code (PRC 25402): Reduction of wasteful, uneconomic, inefficient or unnecessary consumption of energy (a)(1) Prescribe, by regulation, lighting, insulation climate control system, and other building design and construction standards that increase the efficiency in the use of energy and water… Warren Alquist Act Signed into law in 1974 by Governor Ronald Reagan Residential and Nonresidential Building Standards first adopted in 1978 and updated every 3-4 years The Standards are required to be cost effective The Standards include mandatory and prescriptive requirements, as well as performance approach The Standards are developed in an open public process
Application of the CEC CEC regulates: Building envelope Covered Processes Electrical systems Parking Garages Lighting Commercial Kitchens Signs Computer Rooms Distribution Refrigerated Warehouses Mechanical systems Laboratory Space-conditioning Exhaust Service water heating Compressed Air Systems Process Boilers Historic buildings are regulated by the California Historic Building Code (Title 24, Part 8).
Scope of Title 24, Part 6 Title 24 is split into 9 Subchapters: 1. General provisions – all occupancies 2. Mandatory requirements for systems, equipment and components 3. Non-residential covered processes 4. Lighting systems and equipment & electrical power distribution 5. Non-residential Performance & prescriptive compliance approaches 6. Non-residential – additions, alterations and repairs 7. Mandatory requirements for residential 8. Residential performance & prescriptive compliance options 9. Residential – additions and alterations
Definitions LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING is a building, other than a hotel/motel that is Occupancy Group: R-2, multi-family, with three stories or less; or R-3, single family; or U-building, located on a residential site NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING is any building which is identified in the California Building Code Table; Description of Occupancy as Group A, B, E, F, H, M, or S; and is a U; as defined by Part2 of Title24 of the California Code or Regulation. NOTE: Requirements for high-rise residential buildings and hotels/motels are included in the nonresidential sections of Part 6.
Application of the CA Energy Code New construction Some additions, alterations, renovations and repairs
Scope & Application • Commercial buildings containing residential occupancies Singled-out More stringent building envelope requirements
IECC Paths of Compliance 1. Prescriptive 2. Performance 3. ASHRAE 90.1 4. Above-Code Programs Mandatory Sections Air leakage (C402.4) Mechanical (C403.2 & C404) Electrical power & lighting (C405) ASHRAE 90.1 has its own mandatory sections
§ 140.0 – COMPLIANCE APPROACHES Nonresidential, high-rise residential and hotel/motel buildings shall meet all of the following: a) Requirements of Sections 100.0 through 110.10 applicable to the building project b) Requirements of Sections 120.0 -130.5 c) And either i. Performance compliance approach (energy budgets) in Section 140.1 or ii. Prescriptive compliance approach in Section 140.2 for the Climate Zone in which the building will be located
§ 140.2 – PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH In order to comply with the prescriptive approach under this section, a building shall be designed with and shall have constructed and installed: a) Building envelope - §140.3(a) or §140.3(b) and for applicable buildings §140.3(c) b) Space-conditioning system - §140.4 c) Service water-heating system - §140.5 d) Lighting system - §140.6 e) Outdoor lighting system - §140.7 f) Interior and exterior signs - §140.8 g) Covered processes - §140.9
§ 140.1 – Performance Approach (a) Energy Budget for the Standard Design Building (b) Energy Budget for the Proposed Design Building (c) Calculation of Energy Budget A building complies with the performance approach if the energy budget calculated for the Proposed Design Building is no greater than the energy budget calculated for the Standard Design Building
IECC Climate Zones Climate Zone • IECC classifies each geographic location 1-8 • Based on historical: • Heating and cooling climate patterns • Amount of precipitation Higher CZs – Northern Lower CZs – Southern
Significant Changes in the 2013 Title 24 Building & Mechanical Building envelope insulation requirements Changes to fenestration (Dynamic Glazing, VT, Skylights & Window Films) Occupant sensor ventilation control devices are mandated for multipurpose rooms less than 1,000 ft 2
Significant Changes in the 2013 Title 24 Interior Lighting In all buildings, except offices, indoor lighting must be shut off completely during unoccupied times The threshold for compliance with code requirements for the replacement of luminaires has decreased from 50% to 10% Demand responsive lighting control systems are required in all buildings 10,000 ft 2 or larger
Significant Changes in the 2013 Title 24 Exterior Lighting Hardscape power allowances have been updated from zones 1, 2, 3, and 4 All outdoor lighting shall be controlled both by a photocontrol device and by an automatic scheduling control Outdoor luminaires mounted less than 24 feet above the ground are required to have controls (motion sensors or other systems) that are capable of reducing the lighting power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent. The luminaire must switch to its “on” state automatically when the space becomes occupied
Common Design Considerations Integrated systems and components Occupant Comfort Safety Aesthetics Overall energy performance
TABLE 140.3-B – Non-Residential Envelope Requirements
§ 120.7 – Mandatory Insulation Rqmts a) Roof/Ceiling Insulation. The opaque portions of the roof/ceiling that separates conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 and 2 below: 1. Metal Building- The weighted average U-factor of the roof assembly shall not exceed 0.098. 2. Wood Framed and Others- The weighted average U-factor of the roof assembly shall not exceed 0.075.
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