Title 24: Energy Code Compliance in Modern Buildings Presented on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title 24:

Energy Code Compliance in Modern Buildings

Presented on 27 January 2015 by Andrew S. Klein, P.E. Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.

“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. Credit(s) earned on completion

• f this course will be reported to

AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed

• r construed to be an

approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

__________________________________ _________

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Course Description

This presentation focuses on the challenges of meeting requirements of the 2013 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6) in modern buildings, with an emphasis

• n

wood-frame

• construction. Topics will include scope, content and

significant changes since the previous edition. Compliance path options will also be discussed in the context of specific building systems and features as well as related design considerations. Requirements in the national model code, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), will also be briefly reviewed.

Learning Objectives

• 1. Discuss the scope, purpose and requirements of the 2013

California Building Energy Efficiency Standards in the context of building energy consumption and environmental performance improvement.

• 2. Identify significant changes between the 2008 and 2013 editions
• f the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards.
• 3. Consider various paths of compliance when designing a wood-

frame building in California and elsewhere, bridging the gap between code and application.

• 4. Identify solutions to common design and construction issues

related to energy code requirements.

Energy Codes in the United States

• Model code
• Developed by ICC
• Local governments adopt
• Add amendments

47 States, DC, PR & VI

Development of the IECC

• Model Code developed by ICC
• Updated on a three-year cycle
• Consensus process
• Public Development Process

CEC - Authority & Process

Public Resources Code (PRC 25402): Reduction of wasteful, uneconomic, inefficient or unnecessary consumption of energy

• (a)(1) Prescribe, by regulation, lighting, insulation climate

control system, and other building design and construction standards that increase the efficiency in the use of energy and water…

• Warren Alquist Act Signed into law in 1974 by Governor

Ronald Reagan

• Residential and Nonresidential Building

Standards first adopted in 1978 and updated every 3-4 years

• The Standards are required to be cost

effective

• The Standards include mandatory and

prescriptive requirements, as well as performance approach

• The Standards are developed in an open

public process

Application of the CEC

Historic buildings are regulated by the California Historic Building Code (Title 24, Part 8).

CEC regulates:

• Building envelope
• Electrical systems
• Lighting
• Signs
• Distribution
• Mechanical systems
• Space-conditioning
• Service water heating
• Covered Processes
• Parking Garages
• Commercial Kitchens
• Computer Rooms
• Refrigerated

Warehouses

• Laboratory

Exhaust

• Compressed

Air Systems

• Process Boilers

Scope of Title 24, Part 6

Title 24 is split into 9 Subchapters: 1. General provisions – all occupancies 2. Mandatory requirements for systems, equipment and components 3. Non-residential covered processes 4. Lighting systems and equipment & electrical power distribution 5. Non-residential Performance & prescriptive compliance approaches 6. Non-residential – additions, alterations and repairs 7. Mandatory requirements for residential 8. Residential performance & prescriptive compliance options 9. Residential – additions and alterations

Definitions

LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING is a building, other than a hotel/motel that is Occupancy Group: R-2, multi-family, with three stories or less; or R-3, single family; or U-building, located on a residential site NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING is any building which is identified in the California Building Code Table; Description of Occupancy as Group A, B, E, F, H, M, or S; and is a U; as defined by Part2 of Title24 of the California Code or Regulation. NOTE: Requirements for high-rise residential buildings and hotels/motels are included in the nonresidential sections of Part 6.

Application of the CA Energy Code

New construction Some additions, alterations, renovations and repairs

Scope & Application

• Commercial buildings containing

residential occupancies

• Singled-out
• More stringent building

envelope requirements

IECC Paths of Compliance

Mandatory Sections

• Air leakage (C402.4)
• Mechanical (C403.2 & C404)
• Electrical power & lighting (C405)
• 1. Prescriptive
• 2. Performance
• 3. ASHRAE 90.1
• 4. Above-Code Programs

ASHRAE 90.1 has its own mandatory sections

§ 140.0 –COMPLIANCE APPROACHES

Nonresidential, high-rise residential and hotel/motel buildings shall meet all of the following: a) Requirements of Sections 100.0 through 110.10 applicable to the building project b) Requirements of Sections 120.0 -130.5 c) And either i. Performance compliance approach (energy budgets) in Section 140.1 or ii. Prescriptive compliance approach in Section 140.2 for the Climate Zone in which the building will be located

§ 140.2 – PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

In order to comply with the prescriptive approach under this section, a building shall be designed with and shall have constructed and installed: a) Building envelope - §140.3(a) or §140.3(b) and for applicable buildings §140.3(c) b) Space-conditioning system - §140.4 c) Service water-heating system - §140.5 d) Lighting system - §140.6 e) Outdoor lighting system - §140.7 f) Interior and exterior signs - §140.8 g) Covered processes - §140.9

§ 140.1 – Performance Approach

(a) Energy Budget for the Standard Design Building (b) Energy Budget for the Proposed Design Building (c) Calculation of Energy Budget

A building complies with the performance approach if the energy budget calculated for the Proposed Design Building is no greater than the energy budget calculated for the Standard Design Building

IECC Climate Zones

Climate Zone

• IECC classifies each geographic location 1-8
• Based on historical:
• Heating and cooling climate patterns
• Amount of precipitation

Higher CZs – Northern Lower CZs – Southern

Significant Changes in the 2013 Title 24 Building & Mechanical

• Building envelope insulation requirements
• Changes to fenestration (Dynamic Glazing, VT, Skylights

& Window Films)

• Occupant sensor ventilation control devices are

mandated for multipurpose rooms less than 1,000 ft2

Significant Changes in the 2013 Title 24 Interior Lighting

• In all buildings, except offices, indoor lighting must be

shut off completely during unoccupied times

• The threshold for compliance with code requirements

for the replacement of luminaires has decreased from 50% to 10%

• Demand responsive lighting control systems are required

in all buildings 10,000 ft2 or larger

Significant Changes in the 2013 Title 24 Exterior Lighting

• Hardscape power allowances have been updated from

zones 1, 2, 3, and 4

• All outdoor lighting shall be controlled both by a

photocontrol device and by an automatic scheduling control

• Outdoor luminaires mounted less than 24 feet above the

ground are required to have controls (motion sensors or

• ther systems) that are capable of reducing the lighting

power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent but not exceeding 80 percent. The luminaire must switch to its “on” state automatically when the space becomes

• ccupied

Common Design Considerations

Integrated systems and components

• Occupant Comfort
• Safety
• Aesthetics
• Overall energy performance

TABLE 140.3-B – Non-Residential Envelope Requirements

§ 120.7 – Mandatory Insulation Rqmts

a) Roof/Ceiling Insulation. The opaque portions of the roof/ceiling that separates conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 and 2 below:

• 1. Metal Building- The weighted average U-factor
• f the roof assembly shall not exceed 0.098.
• 2. Wood

Framed and Others- The weighted average U-factor of the roof assembly shall not exceed 0.075.

§ 120.7 – Mandatory Insulation Rqmts

b) Wall Insulation. The opaque portions of walls that separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 through 6 below:

• 1. Metal Building- The weighted average U-factor of the wall assembly

shall not exceed 0.113.

• 2. Metal Framed- The weighted average U-factor of the wall assembly

shall not exceed 0.105.

• 3. Light Mass Walls- A 6 inches or greater Hollow Core Concrete

Masonry Unit shall have a U-factor not to exceed 0.440.

• 4. Heavy Mass Walls- A 8 inches or greater Hollow Core Concrete

Masonry Unit shall have a U-factor not to exceed 0.690.

• 5. Wood Framed and Others- The weighted average U-factor of the

wall assembly shall not exceed 0.110.

• 6. Spandrel Panels and Glass Curtain Wall- The weighted average U-

factor of the Glass spandrel panels and glass curtain wall assembly shall not exceed 0.280.

§ 120.7 – Mandatory Insulation Rqmts

c) Floor and Soffit Insulation. The opaque portions of floors and soffits that separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or ambient air shall meet the applicable requirements of Items 1 and 2 below:

• 1. Raised Mass Floors- Shall have a minimum of 3 inches of

lightweight concrete over a metal deck or the weighted average U-factor of the floor assembly shall not exceed 0.269.

• 2. Other Floors-The weighted average U-factor of the floor

assembly shall not exceed 0.071.

• 3. Heated Slab Floor-A heated slab floor shall be insulated

to meet the requirements of Section 110.8(g)

Demand Controlled Ventilation

• DCV required for systems that have an outdoor air

economizer, and serve a space with a design occupant density, or maximum occupant load factor for egress purposes in the CBC, greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 ft² (40 ft2/ person)

• DCV allowed as an exception in the ventilation

requirements for intermittently occupied systems

• Occupant sensor ventilation control devises are

required in

• multipurpose rooms less than 1000 ft2
• classrooms greater than 750 ft2
• and conference, convention, auditorium, and

meeting center rooms greater than 750 ft2

• Spaces with an area of less than 1,500 ft2 are exempt

from the DCV requirements specified in §120.1(c)3 if employing occupant sensor ventilation control devices in accordance with §120.1(c)5

§140.3(a)9 - Air Leakage

• Materials ->

air permeability ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2

• 15 materials listed
• Assemblies ->

air leakage rate ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2

• 4 assemblies listed
• Full building test ->

air leakage rate ≤ 0.40 cfm/ft2

Materials Deemed to Comply

Onsite Renewable Energy

Prescriptive

• Solar Ready

Above-Code Many award credit for on- site renewable energy Performance Omission of energy from non-depletable sources collected on-site from annual energy cost of the proposed design Examples of on-site renewable energy include:

• Solar PV/thermal
• Wind
• Geothermal heating/electric
• Biomass
• Biogas

Lighting Densities

• Amount of energy

required to light a building

• Total power consumption
• f the lighting systems

divided by the total floor area

• Mandatory
• Area Category method allows tradeoffs among

spaces

• Complete Building method requires each

contiguous building area type comply on its

• wn

Lighting Densities

Complete Building Method Table 140.6-B Total Building Area: 55 ft x 30 ft = 1650 ft2 LPD: 1.2 w/ft2 for Restaurant Building Lighting Power Allowance: 1980 watts Kitchen Area

15 ft x 15 ft

Dining Area Area Category Method Table 140.6-C Food Preparation Area: 525 ft2 @ 1.6 w/ft2 Restroom Area: 225 ft2 @ 0.6 w/ft2 Dining Area: 900 ft2 @ 1.1 w/ft2 Lighting Power Allowance: 1965watts Fast Food Dining Establishment

20 ft x 15 ft 20 ft x 30 ft 15 ft x 35 ft

Restroom Area

30 ft 55 ft

Lighting Controls (p.344)

Mandatory nonresidential indoor lighting controls(§130.1) include the following:

• 1. Area Controls. Manual controls separately controlling

lighting in each area

• 2. Multi-Level Controls. Providing occupants with the ability

to use all of the light, some of the light, or none of the light in an area

• 3. Shutoff Controls. Automatically shutting off or reducing

light output of lighting when it is not needed

• 4. Automatic Daylighting Controls. Separately controlling

some or all of the lights in the daylight area from the lights that are not in the daylight area

• 5. Demand Responsive Lighting Controls. Installing controls

that are capable of receiving and automatically responding to a demand response signal

Lighting Densities & Controls

(continued)

Lighting Controls (con’t)

Daylighting

Daylighting

Skylights

TABLE 110.6-A – default U-factors and SHGCs

Any glazing material installed < 60 degrees from horizontal

Prescriptive path

• Max 5% gross roof area

Controlling Lighting in Daylit Zones

Mandatory Controls (§110.9):

• Skylit Daylit Zones
• Primary Sidelit Daylit Zones
• Controlled independently
• Fully functional automatic controls
• Shown on the building plans
• Skylit Daylit Zone controlled separately from Primary

Sidelit Daylit Zones

Luminaires in both a Skylit and Primary Sidelit Daylit Zone controlled as part of the Skylit Daylit Zone

Prescriptive Controls: Secondary Sidelit Daylit Zones.

§ 140.3(c) - Min Daylighting Rqmt for Large Enclosed Spaces

Enclosed spaces greater than 5,000 ft2 of certain uses Directly Under Roof Ceilings > 15 ft

Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area

Daylight Zone: 19,000 / 24,000 = 79%

200 ft x 120 ft space 20 ft ceilings 4 ft x 5 ft skylights 32 ft x33 ft Daylight Zone

Conclusion

Wood construction easily meets the rigorous requirements of the 2013 California Energy

• Code. The proper design and construction of

the building envelope is only one piece of a code-compliant and energy efficient building, however it sets the stage for the efficient performance of the building over its entire lifetime.

Questions?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Andrew S. Klein, P.E. A S Klein Engineering, PLLC andrew@asklein.com asklein.com