Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos P. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos P. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos P. Kienle P. Kienle Excellence Cluster Universe Technische Universit t M nchen Excellence Cluster Universe Technische Universit t M nchen Sunshine by

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos

  • P. Kienle

Excellence Cluster “Universe” Technische Universität München

“Sunshine by Cooling”

  • P. Kienle, Naturwissenschaften 88 (2001) 313
  • P. Kienle

Excellence Cluster “Universe” Technische Universität München

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Time-Dependence of 2-Body EC- and ßb- Decays with Mono-Energetic Neutrinos and Anti-Neutrinos observed in a Storage Ring

−

M.Jung et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992)2164 Yu.A.Litvinov et al. Phys.Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 262501

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

In-Flight separation of projectile fragments Cocktail of isotopic beams

Production & Separation of H-like Nuclei

Mono-isotopic beam ->degrader (dE/dx~ Z²) followed by magnetic analysis, injection delay ~ 0.5µs

0.5μs bunched 500 MeV/u 152Sm beam on a 1 g/cm² Be target 400MeV/u bunched 140Pr58+,

142Pm60+ , 122I52+ H- like ions

Bare 90%; H 10%; He 0.3%

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

The Experimental Storage Ring ESR

since 1990 at GSI Darmstadt, C = 108m, Bρ = 10 Tm, vacuum 10-11 mb

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Stochastic and Electron Cooling in the ESR

Fast stochastic pre-cooling @ E= 400 MeV/u of few fragments followed by precision electron cooling

Combiner- Station

  • long. Pick-up
  • transv. Pick-up
  • long. Kicker
  • transv. Kicker

ESR storage ring

Electron Cooler

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

"Phase Transition" to String Order

  • M. Steck et al.,

PRL 77 (1996) 3803

J.P. Schiffer, P. Kienle Could there be an Ordered Condensed State in Beams of Fully Stripped Heavy Ions?

  • Z. Phys. A321 (1985) 181

∆v/v → 0; signal/ noise high Γ= (Z²e²/d)/kT ∼ 1 Order parameter

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Time Resolved Schottky Mass Spectroscopy for EC and ßb Decays

∆q= 0 for EC, ßb decay ∆f ∼ -∆m =Q

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Single I on, Time-Resolved EC-Decay Mass Spectroscopy

1.. Observation of single ion

  • 3. Detection of all EC decays
  • 4. Delay between „decay“ and

"appearance" cooling which affects t measurement

Electron neutrino νe is created at time t -> quantum-entangled with the daughter nucleus, revealing the mass-properties of νe

  • 2. Parent/daughter correlation

~6s cooling time

t= 0 injection time

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T=7.06(8)s a=0.18(3) ∆E∼10-15eV T=7.10(22)s a=0.22(3) T=6.13(3) s a=0.16(2)

EC-Modulation Spectra of 140Pr, 142Pm, 122I

Yu.A. Litvinov et al., Physics Letters B 664 (2008) 162

122I

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

λEC(t) = ( 1+aECcos(ωECt+φ) ∆E∼10-15eV ∼ Mm

  • N. Winkler et al

GSI Report 2009

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Time Spectrum of the ß+ Branch of 142Pm

a(ω=0.9 s-1) =0.03(3) The ß+ branch of 142Pm, three times stronger than the EC branch and simultaneously observed with a modulation frequency ω = 0.90 s-1 and an amplitude a = 0.18(5), shows a vanishing small modulation amplitude a = 0.03(3)

Time following the injection in the ESR t in s Modulation amplitude a(ω) with ω in s-1 a(ω)

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Towards Understanding of the Time- Modulation of the EC Decay

  • The two-body EC branches of 140Pr, 142Pm and 122I (prel.)

show modulation in contrast to the dominant 3-body ß+ decay branch of 142Pm (prel.)

  • This excludes various experimental sources and

quantum beats of the mother state (Giunti, Lindner et al.)

  • It is direct evidence that the modulation originates from

the weak transition to the two-body final state. From detection of daughter→ mass properties of the entangled neutrino (Ivanov et al, PRL 101, 18250 (2008) )

  • 1/A-scaling of beat frequency ω of daughter ions

reflects their recoil energy difference produced by neutrinos with masses m1 and m2

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Neutrino Quantum Beat Analogy

From energy and momentum conservation in both decay channels |ν1>, |ν2>

≈

|ν1〉⊂ m1; |ν2〉⊂ m2

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Time Differential Observation of the decay Criterion for Neutrino Quantum Beats

≈

θ12= 45° ↔ decay width Γ

Time differential observation of daughter with time resolution τd introduces energy uncertainty δEd in the observation of |d>. For δEd >> E2-E1, the two decay paths are indistinguishable → interference

Asymptotic observation: 2 Lorentz lines

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The transition amplitude of the EC decay m → d +νe is given by the sum of the amplitudes A (m → d + νj) (t), with the mixing coefficient Uej taking into account that only electron neutrinos νe contribute to the transition amplitude. Assuming θ13 ~ 0 with only two neutrino mass Eigen-states. Ue1 = cosθ12, and Ue2 = sinθ12 In time dependent perturbation theory the partial amplitude A (m → d + νj) (t), is defined in the rest frame of the mother ion m by

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Incoherent and Coherent Contributions to the Transition Rates

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Wave Functions of Daughter Ions in the Time Differential Observation

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Time Modulated EC Decay Rate in Moving Laboratory Frame (γ = 1.43)

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Experimental Values of ∆m²

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

New KamLAND Results PRL 100, 221803 (2008)

→ EC

Difference to EC neutrino ∆m²(KL)=0.759(21)x10-4 eV² ∆m²(EC)=2.9x∆m²(KamLAND) Small amplitude problem ?!?

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

Vacuum polarisation by L-W loop δm1(r) δm2(r)

140Ce, Z=58

Neutrino Mass from Darmstadt Oscillations

A.N. Ivanov, E.L. Kryshen, M. Pitschmann and P.Kienle

Similar mass corrections expected for antineutrinos from fission products but opposite sign (mass increase) arXiv: 0804 1311 (nucl-th)

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In case that the neutrinos are not observed all flavours α= e, μ ,τ contribute to the decay amplitude

Cancellation of the Interference Terms in using Orthogonal Neutrino Flavour Wave Functions

(A. Gal, arXiv:0809.1213v4 [nucl-th]

Interference terms cancel due to unitarity of mixing matrix:

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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Small or Large Modulation Amplitudes?

  • The observed modulation amplitudes are a =

018±0.03(140Pr); a = 0.22±0.03(142Pm), a = 0.16±0.02(122I) (prel.) and thus equal within errors.

  • <a>= 0.19±0.02 . With a = sin 2θ a small mixing

angle θ = 5.5o compared with θ ~ 34o from sun neutrinos is resulting

  • Reduction of the modulation amplitude?
  • Loss of phase relation by F=3/2->1/2 transition?
  • Measurement of He-like systems is essential
  • Partial restoration of the interference term by CP

violating Majorana phases or sterile neutrinos

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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Experiments for Solving the Problems

  • Decay of He-like 142Pm59+ for testing the influence of

the F=3/2 hyperfine state → experiment performed

  • ß+ decay of H/He-like 142Pm with an improvement of

limit of the modulation amplitude a → experiment performed

  • Search for ν1→ν3 modulation with ω13 ~ 10xω12 and

a13~ 0.1xa12 using improved time resolution

  • Measure B-field dependence of the modulation

period for magnetic moment of neutrino search (Gal). Preliminary data of 122I taken at 3% different B-field show no change of ω, only A-dependence.

  • Compare EC- and ßb- modulation of 108Ag (ν,ν) for

CPT test; branching ratios of ~ (2-3)% !!!

−

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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142 59+

Pm

142 59+

Nd

142 59+

Pm Nd

142 59+

Old Schottky pickup (1992)

30th harmonic

New resonator cavity (2010)

124th harmonic

Use of Resonance Pick up improves S/N by factor 100 and ∆t= 32 ms

the same decay: improvement by a factor of about 100 and ∆t = 32ms

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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Cooling of a Daughter Ion with Reduced Recoil Energy

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

t↑ Frequency (31.25 Hz /channel)→ Time (32ms / channel) → mother daughter mother daughter 32 ms / channel decay

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Cooling of a Daughter Ion with Enhanced Recoil Energy

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

t↑ Frequency → mother daughter Time → daughter mother

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Two EC Decaying Mothers

EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

  • We have developed an efficient,

new method for the study of neutrino masses using quantum entanglement in two body weak decays, thus avoiding the inefficient direct detection of the neutrinos. The interfering recoil ions show the neutrino mass difference.

  • Time modulation of EC decays of H- like ions of 140Pr,

142Pm and 122I (preliminary) were observed as neutrino

quantum beats in the ESR storage ring, and no modulation of the ß+ branch of 142Pm (preliminary).

  • Yet in standard weak interaction theory with massive

neutrinos and unitary flavour mixing matrix, the interference terms from different flavours cancel and no modulation is expected. Thus the appearance of the modulation is direct evidence for a non-unitary flavour mixing matrix → new physics.

Conclusion

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EURORIB 10, June 7, 2010 P. Kienle

  • F. Attallah, , F. Bosch, D. Boutin, C. Brandau, P. Bühler, L. Chen, H. Essel, B.

Fabian, Th. Faestermann, H. Geissel, V. Ivanova, P. Kienle, Ch.Kozhuharov,

  • R. Knöbel, J. Kurcewicz, S.A. Litvinov, Yu.A. Litvinov, Z. Liu,, L. Maier, J. Marton
  • F. Nolden, Yu.N. Novikov, T. Ohtsubo, Ch. Scheidenberger, M. Steck,
  • Th. Stöhlker, B. Sun, T. Suzuki, P.M. Walker, H. Weick, N. Winckler, T.

Yamaguchi, J Zmeskal

Two Body Weak Decay Collaboration