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Time in Multiteam Systems: Establishing an Understanding of Temporal Influences in MTSs
Rhetta Standifer
- Univ. of Wisconsin – Eau Claire
Time in Multiteam Systems: Establishing an Understanding of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Time in Multiteam Systems: Establishing an Understanding of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Time in Multiteam Systems: Establishing an Understanding of Temporal Influences in MTSs October 29, 2012 Advancing the Science of Rhetta Standifer Multiteam Systems Univ. of Wisconsin Eau Claire EAWOP Small Group Meeting Temporal
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ENTRAINMENT ¡
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Entrainment
- Interconnected rhythmic activity
- Cycle
- Pace
- Episodes
- Dominant Rhythms
- “temporal” and “phase” entrainment
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Entrainment
Cycle Pace Dominant Rhythm
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TEMPORAL ¡CONTEXT ¡
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Example: America’s Cup
America’s Cup Management Team Alinghi Team Oracle Team Mascalzone
Cross-Boundary MTS
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Example: America’s Cup
Team Alinghi Design Team Building Team Sailing Team
Internal MTS
Team Oracle
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Temporal Context
- Framework of categories
- similar episodic activities
- Benefits:
- improved coordination, goal completion
- adaptation & flexibility
- identify routines & pauses
- Deductive and inductive
- MTS leadership: macro to specific
- Subteam leadership: specific to macro
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Temporal Context
MTS Leaders
- Step 1:
- primary rhythmic cycles, dominant rhythms, distal goals
- Step 2:
- characteristics of dominant rhythms
- key internal/external stakeholders
- Step 3:
- expectations of subteam outcomes
- Step 4:
- system-level routines
(sets of activities completed together)
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Temporal Context
Subteam Leaders
- Step 4:
- categorizations of similar types of episodic activity
- Step 3:
- temporal characteristics of these activities
- Step 2:
- sets of episodic activities that constitute routines
- Step 1:
- task-related, episodic activities
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Temporal Context
Subteam Leaders
MTS Leaders
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
Integrate Analyses
- proximal goals for each subteam
- interdependencies across subteams
- which routines help achieve goals
- how subteam categorizations of
episodic activity influence outcomes
- pauses
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Pauses: Expected & Unexpected
- Opportunity:
- Routines can be enhanced or changed
- Distal goal considered
- “Crossing points”
- “windows of opportunity” (Tyre & Orlikowski, 1994)
- acknowledges emergent nature of interaction
- More potent if paired with change triggers
- (incentives, feedback, and technology)
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Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Sailing Team Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Design Team
Rhythmic Cycle of Dominant Rhythm
Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Episode
transition action
Shore Team
cycle cycle expected pause intensive process interdependence wide crossing pt w/ expected pause
Episode
transition action
shock pause
reciprocal process interdependence
Example
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SHARED ¡TEMPORAL ¡ UNDERSTANDINGS/PERSPECTIVES ¡
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Shared Temporal Understanding
- Shared Temporal Understanding
- Consensus about:
- Dominant rhythms
- Temporal perspectives
- Influenced by culture, past interaction
- Temporal Leadership
- Consensus about:
- Dominant rhythms
- Temporal perspectives
- Type of Leadership (formal, vertical, emergent)
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TEMPORAL ¡PORTFOLIOS ¡
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Temporal Portfolio Approach
- Visual representation of multiple
alliances (Parise & Casher, ‘03)
- Adapt for entrainment analysis of MTSs
- Select/analyze:
- # of component teams, role/importance of each
- Pacers, relevant cyclic activity
- Dominant rhythms of MTSs
- Rate impact/interdependency among teams:
- Entrainment / synergistic opportunities
- “Off-synch” areas
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Example
Org A Org B Org C P1 P2 P3 P3 P1 P2
- 3
- 1
+3 +1 +2
- 2
- 3
+3 +1
- 3
+1
- 1
- 2
MTS 1 MTS 2 MTS 3
P1 P4 P3 P2
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Time in MTS Research
- what considerations should we keep in