TI Defence & Security: an introduction OUR VISION Countries and territories with Transparency International affiliates (September 2017) A WORLD WHERE GOVERNMENTS, THE ARMED FORCES, AND ARMS TRANSFERS ARE TRANSPARENT, ACCOUNTABLE, AND FREE FROM CORRUPTION . Sir Ian Andrews Senior Adviser TI Defence and Security 1
“Corruption is a threat not only to economic growth, but to security and sovereignty. Fighting corruption is not just good governance. It’s self - defence.” Remarks by then US Vice President Joe Biden, November 2014
Corruption matters: driving conflict 3
DESTABILISES SOCIETIES • High levels of corruption associated with poverty and unequal distribution of wealth • Defence sector major risk area – often significant area of government expenditure and can distort entire economies • Clear correlation between corruption and insecurity
MARGINALISES COMMUNITIES AND ENABLES VIOLENT EXTREMISM Religious corruption, financial corruption, political corruption, and administrative and societal moral decadence. All of this you get in countries ruled by tyrants and not in #State of the Caliphate #The Islamic State 5
CREATES POTENTIAL FOR OFFENSIVE USE Ukraine/Russia - corruption as statecraft • Merging of politics, business, and organised crime networks • 2004 Orange revolution – pro-European politicians (Yushenko) displace Russian-backed coalition (Kuchma) • Russia leverages networks to influence new Ukrainian government through gas dependence and the corruption of individual politicians 6
FUELS NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND ARMS RACES “[the Khan network was] mind -boggling. All I know is there’s at least more than 30 companies in 30 countries all over the globe involved in this fantastic, sophisticated illicit trafficking network with Mr A. Q. Khan acting as CEO.” Mohammed El-Baradei, Head of International Atomic Energy Agency 7
IMPEDES RESPONSES TO INSECURITY Ukraine: military enfeebled by endemic corruption Iraq - Mosul: ISIS force of 1300 overwhelmed Iraqi force of 30,000 (on paper) equipped with tanks and artillery but hollowed out and demoralised by corruption Nigeria: military officers diverted weapons and supplies to Boko Haram 8
Oversight Spectrum Justice sector actors – Ombudsmen prosecutors, etc. Parliament/ parliamentary committees External audit Freedom of Information Anti-corruption bureaus Non-governmental organisations / CSOs Military police and prosecutors Entrusted power Academia Internal audit Media 9
HOW WE ASSESS DEFENCE CORRUPTION RISK
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DECLARATION ON THE RESPONSIBLE GOVERNANCE OF MILITARY POWER • Transparency and Accountability • Owned by governments • From Global South and Global North • Supported by civil society 12
Thank you! 13
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