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2015/07/24 1

Status of Ocean Energy in South Africa

Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Research Collaboration Project Kick Start Meeting

Imke Meyer Prof JL (Wikus) van Niekerk 23‐24 July 2015 Kirstenbosch, Cape Town

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The Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies was established in 2007 to facilitate and stimulate activities in renewable energy study and research at Stellenbosch University. The Department of Science and Technology has been funding the Renewable and Sustainable Energy (RSE) Hub at Stellenbosch University since its establishment in August 2006. The aims of the RSE Hub are to develop human capital, deepen knowledge, and stimulate innovation and enterprise in the field of RSE. Currently the DST is still sponsoring the work of the Centre with an annual grant administrated by the National Research Foundation. Stellenbosch University was designated as the Specialisation Centre in Renewable Energy Technology as part of the Eskom Power Plant Engineering Institute (EPPEI). The research and teaching activities sponsored by Eskom focus on concentrating solar power (CSP) and wind energy and also includes the Eskom Chair in Concentrating Solar Power. The Sasol Technology group sponsored the new facilities for the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies as well as the work and facilities of the Solar Thermal Energy Research Group at Stellenbosch University.

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Contents

  • Activities:

– Ocean Energy Resources

– Wave Energy – Tidal Currents – Ocean Currents – Temperature Gradients (OTEC) – Salinity Gradients

– Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies

– Wave Energy – Tidal Energy – Ocean Current Energy

  • Opportunities
  • Constraints
  • Way Forward

2015/07/24 3

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Wave Energy Resource in the World

World Waves data/OCEANOR/ECMWF

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Wave Energy Resource in SA

(Geustyn, 1983) (Joubert 2007)

  • 10

3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63

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Ocean Current Energy in SA

Mean Velocity [m/s]

Others: Gulf Stream, Kuroshio Agulhas Current

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Resource Assessment of the Agulhas Current OE Research Group

  • Stellenbosch University, UCT and CSIR formed a

research consortium in 2014 with the goal to better understand the Agulhas Current

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  • Eskom deployed ADCP’s along

the SA coast intermittently from 2006 to 2012

  • Compare to tidal velocities?

– Tidal sites: usually 2.5 m/s or greater – Ocean current 1 ‐2 m/s thus technology will have to be adapted

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Contents

  • Activities:

– Ocean Energy Resources

– Wave Energy – Tidal Currents – Ocean Currents – Temperature Gradients (OTEC) – Salinity Gradients

– Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies

– Wave Energy – Tidal Energy – Ocean Current Energy

  • Opportunities
  • Constraints
  • Way Forward

2015/07/24 8

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Wave Energy Converter Devices

2015/07/24 9

OWC: Wavegen’s Limpet (no longer in operation) Attenuators: Pelamis Wave Power (went into financial administration in 2015)

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Wave Energy Converter Devices

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Carnegie Corporation (CETO) in Australia

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ShoreSWEC

Under-Sea Cable to Shore Turbine and Generator Air-Chambers Openings with Valves High Pressure Duct Low Pressure Duct

Wave Crest

Current Wave Energy Projects in SA

Stellenbosch Wave Energy Converter

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Hermanus Overtopping Device

  • Overtopping device(s), up to 5.25 MW (?) from low‐head

turbines by Mean Sea Level (Pty) Ltd to power abalone farm

  • First project 1 MW @ R 1,20/kWh?
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Tidal Currents:

Marine Current Turbines Ltd (MCT) : SeaGen Atlantis, Andritz Hydro Hammerfest

Commercial Arrays:

Environmental consent achieved with deployment plans within the next 5 years

MeyGen Array Swansea Tidal Lagoon

Minesto: Deep Green turbine

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Contents

  • Activities:

– Ocean Energy Resources

– Wave Energy – Tidal Currents – Ocean Currents – Temperature Gradients (OTEC) – Salinity Gradients

– Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies

– Wave Energy – Tidal Energy – Ocean Current Energy

  • Opportunities
  • Constraints
  • Way Forward

2015/07/24 14

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  • Current cost of ocean energy conversion

technology is too high

  • Level of funding for R&D in SA OE research is

too low

  • Small research community with limited

resources →Need for support both in funding and knowledge sharing in SA

Constraints:

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Opportunities:

16

  • SA has an exploitable ocean energy resource, wave and current
  • Technology development:

– Work being done by other countries is positive and possibly transferable to the SA OE environment – Scope for local technology development for our specific resources

  • Established marine engineering (mechanical, electrical and

hydraulic) industry in Cape Town that currently supports the

  • ffshore diamond mining and the O&G industries
  • Three coastal engineering (civil) consulting firms based in Cape

Town with an international reputation and footprint →SA has the required expertise and skills to develop a successful ocean energy industry (engineers,

  • ceanographers, marine biologists, environmental specialists

etc.), but we must collaborate

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Way forward

  • Support collaboration between all the

stakeholders in the ocean energy environment

– Share data, resources, knowledge, facilities, lessons learnt

  • Mobilise funding for R&D activities in the
  • cean energy sector
  • Expand international collaboration

2015/07/24 17

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Questions?

Email: imke@sun.ac.za / wikus@sun.ac.za www.crses.sun.ac.za