? there? s t e n o Ch. 1.1 Intro Five Ways to Look at Earth - - PDF document

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

• Ch. 1.1 Intro

Where are things located?

The Five Themes of Geography

Geography is the study of Earth Geographers always ask two Why are they there?

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Ch 1 5 Themes Five Ways to Look at Earth

These Five Themes help Geographers organize information

Location Regions

Place

Movement

Human-Environment Interaction

notes

Ch 1 Location Location Where is it? Geographers use both:

intermediate directions - lie between the cardinal directions

• Ex. North West (NW) is halfway between north and west

Cardinal directions - north, south, east, west

notes

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch1 Location 2 Location

Geographers also use two special measurements of Earth to describe location

latitude - is the distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees longitude - is the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, also measured in degrees

ch 1 Hemispheres

notes

The Hemispheres The Equator and the Prime Meridian both divide Earth, in two. Each half of Earth is called a hemisphere. The Equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Prime Meridian divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

The Equator marks 00 latitude The North Pole marks 900 north of the Equator The Northern Hemisphere includes all lines of latitude north of the Equator The Southern Hemisphere contains all lines of latitude south of the Equator The Prime Meridian marks 00 longitude The Western Hemisphere includes the area from the Prime Meridian west to 1800 of longitude The Eastern Hemisphere includes the area from the Prime Meridian east to 1800 of longitude

Ch 1 Practice with Hemispeheres

Practice with Hemispheres

Examine the illustration below. Decide in which two hemispheres (eastern or Western and Northern or Southern) each of the following continents or oceans is located. (Example: The U.S. is in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.) Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere

• 1. North America ____________
• 2. Europe _________________
• 3. South America ____________
• 4. Pacific Ocean _____________
• 5. Australia ________________
• 6. Atlantic Ocean ____________
• 7. Indian Ocean _____________
• 8. Asia____________________
• 9. Africa __________________
• 10. Antarctica ______________
• 11. Arctic Ocean_____________
• 12. Southern Ocean __________

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 Global Grid

Global Grid

The Equator at 0o latitude, circles Earth midway between the North and South poles. The Prime Meridian at 0o longitude, runs through Greenwich, England.

Lines of longitude and latitude form a global grid. Geographers can identify the absolute location of any point on Earth by finding the latitude and longitude lines that intersect at that point. Lines

• f latitude are also called parallels, because they run east and west

and are parallel to one another. This means that they never cross. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. Meridians run north and south, from the North Pole to the South Pole.

notes

Ch 1 Regions Regions

regions are used to group places that have something in common Population History Landforms Climate

Ch 1 Population

Population

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 History

History

Sep 4­12:10 PM Ch 1 Climate

Climate

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch1 Landforms

Landforms Rocky Mountains African Plains Colorado Plateau

Ch 1 Place Place

Place includes the human and physical features of a specific place Physical features are climate and landforms Human features are how people live, work they do, religion they practice, and the languages they speak

Ch 1 Movement

Movement

• how people, goods and ideas get from
• ne place to another
• people coming to the U.S. bring their

traditions and culture and infuse it

• technology has helped spread music

ideas, etc... around the world

notes

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 Human­Environment Interation

Human-Environment Interaction

• how people affect their environment or

how natural surroundings (environment) affect people

1.1 Quiz

Time to Practice

Ch 1.1 Notes

Chapter 1 Section 1: The Five Themes of Geography The World of Geography

Notes

• 1. The study of Earth is called ____________________.
• 2. What two questions do geographers try to answer while studying

different places? __________________________________________

• 3. How do the five themes—location, region, place, movement, and

human­environment interaction—help geographers when they study Earth? __________________________________________________

• 4. North, east, south, and west are called ____________________.
• 5. What are two special measurements geographers use to describe

location? ________________________________________________

• 6. What line of latitude at 0 degrees of latitude is located around the

middle of the globe? _________________________________________________

Ch 1.1 Notes­2

• 7. What is the line of longitude that marks 0 degrees of

longitude?_______________________________________

• 8. Each half of Earth is called a ____________________.
• 9. The invisible lines that form east­west circles around Earth

are called lines of _______________

• 10. The invisible lines that circle Earth from north to south are

called lines of_______________.

• 11. Why is the study of movement useful to geographers?

_________________________________________________

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1.2 Intro

The Geographers Tools

Video

Ch 1 Globes

Advantages: ~Globes show an accurate model of Earth and its contents ~Continent and globe location would be more accurate Disadvantages: ~Not to scale, or relative size ~ Cannot be large enough to show streets and still be convenient for carrying

Globes

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Ch 1 Maps Maps

Advantages: ~Convenient to carry ~Can show greater detail of a specific area Disadvantages: ~Earth is round, when you flatten something that is round the continents become out of shape ~This is distortion, or loss of accuracy

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Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 Mapmakers

Mapmakers try to make maps as accurate as possible. They use 3 tools to make maps

Aerial Photos Satellite Images Geographic Information System

notes

Ch 1 Aerial and Satellite

Aerial Photos & Satellite Images Aerial Photos and Satellite Images are a valuable source of information about Earth's surface in great detail. They are not good for seeing underground transit lines, streams covered by vegetation, etc... They can also distort views

Rainforest

Ch 1 GIS

Geographic Information System (GIS) GIS is a computer based system that links information to locations GIS systems connect information with places For Example: Where a business might open Where to station military troops

notes

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 Map Projection

Getting It All on the Map

A Projection of Earth is a method of mapping Earth on a flat surface

notes

Ch 1 Mercator Projection

Advantages:

• land near equator about the right size

Disadvantages"

• areas near the poles look bigger than they are
• Ex. on a Mercator map Greenland looks bigger than South America, but

actually Greenland is only 1/8 the size of South America

Ch 1 Equal Area Projection

Advantages:

• show correct size of land masses

Disadvantages:

• shapes are altered
• lines that would be straight on Earth may be forced

into curves to fit

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 The Robinson Project

Advantages:

• shows most distances, sizes, and shapes quite accurately

Disadvantages:

• still has distortions, especially around the edges

Geographers believe the Robinson Projection is the best world map available.

notes

Ch 1 Other Projections

Other projections are useful for showing small areas, but not the whole world.

Ch 1 Reading Maps

Reading Maps

Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Ch 1 China Map

China: Physical

Title Most maps have a title near the top of the map. The title generally tells you the type of information and the area covered on the map Locator Globe Maps may include a locator globe that shows the location of the area covered by the map Compass Rose A map's compass rose shows direction. North is usually, but not always at the top of the map. Key A map's key identifies all of the symbols and coloring used

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Scale Bar The scale bar shows you how distances on the map compare to actual distances on the ground

notes

Ch 1 Georgia Hwy Map

State Capital Other city

Georgia Highways

Ch 1.2 Quiz

Chapter 1 Section 2 Quiz: The Geographer’s Tools The World of Geography

Chapter and Section

• A. Key Terms

Directions: Fill in the blanks in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the correct letter. Column I Column II _____ 1. A globe shows Earth’s continents on a much smaller __________. a. key _____ 2. All flat maps show some__________, or loss of accuracy.

• b. distortion

_____ 3. A representation of Earth on a flat surface is called a﴾n﴿

• c. compass rose

__________. _____ 4. A diagram on a map showing direction is called a﴾n﴿ __________.

• d. projection

_____ 5. A __________ explains the symbols and colors on the map.

• e. scale
• B. Main Ideas

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer .

• 6. People invented flat maps because globes
• 8. Why do many geographers prefer the

cannot show Robinson projection?

• a. names of continents.
• a. It has no distortion of Earth’s surface.
• b. shapes of continents.
• b. It quite accurately shows most distances,
• c. enough detail.

sizes, and shapes.

• d. distance between continents.
• c. It is an interrupted projection of Earth’s

surface.

• d. It is an equal­area map
• 7. What is a disadvantage of a Mercator projection?
• a. It does not include all the continents.
• b. It does not show many details of Earth’s surface.
• c. It is too large to be carried easily.
• d. It shows correct shapes but not true sizes.