Thema&c features for intertextual analysis Digital Classicist - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
thema c features for intertextual analysis
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Thema&c features for intertextual analysis Digital Classicist - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 07, 2023 131 likes •523 views

Thema&c features for intertextual analysis Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin 10.13.2015 Christopher W. Forstall, cforstall@gmail.ch Lavinia Galli Mili, lavinia.gallimilic@unige.ch Damien Nelis, damien.nelis@unige.ch Intertextuality:

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Thema&c features for intertextual analysis

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin 10.13.2015

Christopher W. Forstall, cforstall@gmail.ch

Lavinia Galli Milić, lavinia.gallimilic@unige.ch Damien Nelis, damien.nelis@unige.ch

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Intertextuality: plus quam verba

  • D. Bamman and G. Crane. “The logic and discovery of textual allusion.” Paper

presented at the Second Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data (LaTeCH 2008), Marrakesh, Morocco.

  • D. Bamman. “Intertextuality beyond Words”, blog posted on February 17,

2014 on the website hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu

  • N. Coffee, J.-P. Koenig, S. Poornima, R. Ossewaarde, C. Forstall, and S.
  • Jacobson. “Intertextuality in the Digital Age.” Transac;ons of the

American Philological Associa;on 142.2 (2012): 318-419. Ongoing work by Memorata Poebs and eTRAP

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Verbal text re-use and digital tools : Searching for words

Boolean searching

  • Musisque deoque hWp://www.mqdq.it/mqdq/home.jsp
  • PHI (Packard Humani;es Ins;tute) hWp://labn.packhum.org/
  • Bibliotheca Teubneriana La;na

hWp://www.degruyter.com/view/db/btl

  • Brepolis LLT-A / LLT-B

hWp://apps.brepolis.net/BrepolisPortal/default.aspx

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Verbal text re-use and digital searching : Comparing texts

  • Comparing one text to many

Musisque deoque hWp://www.mqdq.it/mqdq/cooccorrenze.jsp

  • Comparing two texts

Tesserae hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/index.php TLG hWp://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/inst/ngram.jsp

  • Comparing two texts against the rest of the corpus

Tesserae (mulb-text search) hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/mulb-text.php

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Tesserae

  • Goals include both

– Detecbon of allusions, as in commentaries – Developing general model of intertextuality

  • Current featuresets

– Principally word-based (incl. lemmata)

  • Experimental featuresets

– Semanbcally related lemmata – Character-level n-grams – Paragraph-level themes

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Test case I: intertextuality and genre in Sta&us’ Achilleid

  • How does Stabus deploy allusions to epic and elegiac sources

in book 1 of the Achilleid?

  • Is the tone of the source text relevant to readers of the later,

alluding text?

  • Does Stabus’ work itself contain “epic” and “elegiac” passages?
  • If so, what relabonship does the later, alluding context bear to

the source context?

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Excursus: Digital Humani&es in the classroom

  • 8 students
  • Tradibonal exegebcal work,

translabon

  • Data collecbon from

commentaries

  • Work with digital tools (Tesserae)

Masters seminar on Stabus’ Achilleid at University of Geneva

  • Each session began with 15 minute summary of work in progress
  • Online incremental reports appeared (belatedly) on Tesserae research blog

hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/blog/

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Stylis&c markers for genre, I

Corpus Feature Set

  • 21,000 term frequencies
  • Principal Components Analysis

Sample Size

  • Whole texts

Elegies Epics Ovid Amores Ovid Ars Amatoria Ovid Remedia Ovid Heroides Vergil Aeneid Ovid Metamorphoses Stabus Thebaid Stabus Achilleid

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Stylis&c markers for genre, I

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Stylis&c markers for genre, II

Corpus Feature Set

  • 2,000 term frequencies (beginning from rank 51)
  • Principal Components Analysis

Sample Size

  • 50 (consecubve) verse lines

Elegies Epics Tibullus Elegies Properbus Elegies Ovid Amores Ovid Ars Amatoria Ovid Remedia Ovid Heroides Vergil Aeneid Ovid Metamorphoses Lucan Civil War Stabus Thebaid Stabus Achilleid Silius Italicus Punica Valerius Flaccus Argonau;ca

slide-11
SLIDE 11

−15 −10 −5 5 10 −20 −15 −10 −5 5 PC1 PC2

  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • samples of 50 lines
  • elegy

epic

  • Ov. Met.

Stylis&c markers for genre, II

slide-12
SLIDE 12

−15 −10 −5 5 10 −20 −15 −10 −5 5 PC1 PC2

  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • samples of 50 lines
  • elegy

epic (no Ovid)

Stylis&c markers for genre, II

slide-13
SLIDE 13

−15 −10 −5 5 10 −20 −15 −10 −5 5 PC1 PC2

  • Statius Achilleid

samples of 50 lines

Stylis&c markers for genre, II

slide-14
SLIDE 14

−15 −10 −5 5 10 −20 −15 −10 −5 5 PC1 PC2

  • Statius' Achilleid

scene−divisions of Ripoll−Soubiran

Stylis&c markers for genre, II

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Stylis&c markers for genre: a useful contextual feature?

  • How does this metric correspond with themabc context?
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Elegy-epic metric and narra&ve development

elegiac epic Exordium Invocation Thetis sees the ships Thetis' monologue Arrival of Neptune Thetis addresses Neptune Neptune's answer Thetis visits Chiron Thetis and Chiron talk Arrival of Achilles Achilles' pastimes Decision to hide Achilles Departure of Th. and A. Arrival on Scyros Young girls of Scyros Disguising Ach.

  • Th. entrusts A. to Lycomedes

Thetis' farewells Preparations in Greece Muster at Aulis The army calls Achilles Protesilaus Calchas Diomedes and Ulysses Achilles and Deidamia The bacchic rite Achilles monologue The rape of Deidamia Arrival of D. and U.

  • D. and U.'s Conversation
  • D. and U. with Lycomedes

Presentation of the girls Conversation of L. and U. The girls' dance Achilles is revealed Achilles and Lycomedes Deidamia's lament

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Stylis&c markers for genre: a useful contextual feature?

  • How does this metric correspond with themabc context?
  • Does it enrich our interpretabon of verbal allusions?
  • If so, can it be used to improve Tesserae scores?
slide-18
SLIDE 18

Elegy-epic metric and narra&ve development

elegiac epic Exordium Invocation Thetis sees the ships Thetis' monologue Arrival of Neptune Thetis addresses Neptune Neptune's answer Thetis visits Chiron Thetis and Chiron talk Arrival of Achilles Achilles' pastimes Decision to hide Achilles Departure of Th. and A. Arrival on Scyros Young girls of Scyros Disguising Ach.

  • Th. entrusts A. to Lycomedes

Thetis' farewells Preparations in Greece Muster at Aulis The army calls Achilles Protesilaus Calchas Diomedes and Ulysses Achilles and Deidamia The bacchic rite Achilles monologue The rape of Deidamia Arrival of D. and U.

  • D. and U.'s Conversation
  • D. and U. with Lycomedes

Presentation of the girls Conversation of L. and U. The girls' dance Achilles is revealed Achilles and Lycomedes Deidamia's lament

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Measuring elegiac components

Deidamia’s lament (Ach. 927-960)

  • Specific vocabulary: maritus (husband), dulcia furta (sweet

thems), flere (to cry), lacrimas (tears), nimis improbus (too sly)

  • New meaning of epic vocabulary: occupare artus
  • Verbal and themabc intertextuality with elegiac poems (Prop.

4.3; Ov. Her. 6 and 13)

  • Verbal and themabc intertextuality with ‘elegiac-erobc’

secbons of epic poems (Catull. 64; Verg. georg. 4; Aen. 4; Ov.

  • met. 11; Stat. Theb. 2)
slide-20
SLIDE 20
  • Stat. Ach.

1.927 Illius ante oculos nova bella et Xanthus et Ide / Argolicaeque rates atque ipsas cogitat undas / auroramque bmet:

  • n. 3121 Ov. met.

11.563 illam meminitque refertque, / illius ante oculos ut agant sua corpora fluctus, / optat et exanimis manibus tumuletur amicis. Score 7

  • n. 2782 Ov. met.

11.566 Dum natat, absentem, quobens sinit hiscere fluctus, / nominat Alcyonen ipsisque inmurmurat undis. Score 7

  • Stat. Ach.

1.927 Illius ante oculos nova bella et Xanthus et Ide / Argolicaeque rates atque ipsas cogitat undas / auroramque bmet:

A Tesserae search: Achilleid / Ovid’s Metamorphoses = 7555 matches

slide-21
SLIDE 21

elegiac epic

  • Exordium

Invocation Thetis sees the ships Thetis' monologue Arrival of Neptune Thetis addresses Neptune Neptune's answer Thetis visits Chiron Thetis and Chiron talk Arrival of Achilles Achilles' pastimes Decision to hide Achilles Departure of Th. and A. Arrival on Scyros Young girls of Scyros Disguising Ach.

  • Th. entrusts A. to Lycomedes

Thetis' farewells

intertexts/verse epic elegy

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Thema&c context and verbal allusion

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Elegy vs. epic: preliminary results

  • Binary classificabon reasonably straighrorward
  • At coarse scale, themabc metric supports our intuibons
  • Can be used to support close reading
  • Relabonship between verbal allusions and context is not a

simple one

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Test Case II: Apollonius – Vergil – Valerius Flaccus

slide-24
SLIDE 24

“A type scene may be regarded as a recurrent block of narrabve with idenbfiable structure” Mark W. Edwards. ”Homer and Oral Tradibon: The Type-Scene”. Oral tradi;on, 7/2 (1992): 284-330

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Apollonius, Vergil and Valerius Flaccus

Apollonius, Argonau/ca 2-3

2.815-898 Mariandyni; death and burial

  • f Idmon and Tiphys; Ancaeus

chosen as helmsman. 2.899-1259 Departure and voyage along southern coast of Black Sea; Argonauts pass Carambis and Prometheus. 2.1260

  • 1285

Night and arrival in the Phasis. Prayer of Ancaeus. [BOOK DIVISION] 3.1-5 Invocabon of the Muse Erato. 3.6-166 Divine intervenbon: Hera, Athena, Aphrodite and Eros. Love. 3.167-212 Argonauts make their way to the city and palace of Aietes.

Vergil, Aeneid 7

[BOOK DIVISION] 7.1-7 Death and burial of Caieta; departure. 7.8-24 Voyage along the coast; Trojans pass Circe’s land. 7.25-36 Dawn and arrival in Tiber. 7.37-106 Invocabon of the Muse Erato and the situabon in Labum. 7.107-147

  • Meal. Prayer of Aeneas;

sacrifice. 7.286-640 Trojans make their way to the city and palace of Labnus.

Valerius Flaccus, Argonau/ca 5

[BOOK DIVISION] 5.1-70a Mariandyni; death and burial

  • f Idmon and Tiphys; Erginus

chosen as helmsman. 5.70b-176 Departure, voyage along southern coast of Black Sea; Argonauts pass the Chalybes, Carambis and Prometheus. 5.177-216 Evening and arrival in the

  • Phasis. Prayer of Jason.

5.217-277 Invocabon of a Muse (dea) and the situabon in Colchis. 5.278-295 Divine intervenbon: Juno and Minerva. War. 5.296-328 Argonauts make their way to the city and palace of Aietes.

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Test case II: new challenges

  • Feature set for typical scenes or themes?
  • Within rather than between genres
  • Need more than two classes
slide-27
SLIDE 27

Corpus

Themabcally similar

  • Ovid Heroides
  • Seneca Medea

Epic

  • Baebius Italicus Ilias La;na
  • Catullus 64
  • Corippus Johannis
  • Ennius fragments
  • Lucan Civil War
  • Ovid Metamorphoses
  • Silius Italicus Punica
  • Stabus Thebaid
  • Stabus Achilleid
  • Valerius Flaccus Argonau;ca
  • Vergil Aeneid
slide-28
SLIDE 28

Features

  • ca. 8,000 term frequencies

(terms common to at least 2, not more than half of all samples)

  • TF-IDF weighbng
  • LDA with 50 topics
  • All above + k-means clustering

Sample size

  • 30 (conbguous) verse lines
slide-29
SLIDE 29

The effect of authorship: TF-IDF

  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • ●
  • −15

−10 −5 5 10 15 −10 −5 5 10 15

Effects of authorship TF−IDF by author

PC1 PC2

  • baebius_italicus

catullus corippus ennius lucan

  • vid

seneca silius_italicus statius valerius_flaccus vergil

slide-30
SLIDE 30

The effect of authorship: LDA

  • −15

−10 −5 5 −4 −2 2 4

Effects of authorship LDA by author

PC1 PC2

  • baebius_italicus

catullus corippus ennius lucan

  • vid

seneca silius_italicus statius valerius_flaccus vergil

slide-31
SLIDE 31
  • ●
  • ●
  • −15

−10 −5 5 10 15 −10 −5 5 10 15

k−means classification of lda

PC1 PC2

classification class 1 class 2 class 3 class 4 class 5 class 6 class 7

  • authorship

baebius_italicus catullus corippus ennius lucan

  • vid

seneca silius_italicus statius valerius_flaccus vergil

Unsupervised classifica&on of LDA

slide-32
SLIDE 32

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FF F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FF V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V VV V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V −5 5 10 −5 5 10

Close−up: Vergil vs. Valerius Flaccus

PC1 PC2

classification class 1 class 2 class 3 class 4 class 5 class 6 class 7 F V authorship valerius_flaccus vergil

Unsupervised classifica&on of LDA

slide-33
SLIDE 33

2 3 4 5 6 7

Vergil Aeneid 7

first verse of sample class

6.887 7.16 7.46 7.76 7.106 7.136 7.166 7.196 7.226 7.256 7.286 7.316 7.346 7.376 7.406 7.436 7.466 7.496 7.526 7.556 7.586 7.616 7.646 7.676 7.706 7.736 7.766 7.796

slide-34
SLIDE 34

2 3 4 5 6 7

Vergil Aeneid 7

first verse of sample class

6.887 7.16 7.46 7.76 7.106 7.136 7.166 7.196 7.226 7.256 7.286 7.316 7.346 7.376 7.406 7.436 7.466 7.496 7.526 7.556 7.586 7.616 7.646 7.676 7.706 7.736 7.766 7.796

“War” half ? “Peace” half ?

Juno’s speech (Ov. Met. class) BaWle (Lucan class)

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Locus Descrip&on Human class K-means class 7,1-4 Apostrophe to Caieta 7 7,5-24 Departure and voyage (Circe's land) Voyage 7 7,25-36 The winds stop blowing ; arrival to the mouth of the Tiber Voyage 7 7,37-45 Invoca&on to the Muse Invoca&on 7 7,45-80 Poli&cal situa&on in La&um; omens of war Prophecy 6 7,81-106 Prophecy of Faunus Prophecy 6 7,107-134 Meal (fulfilled prophecy) Sacrifice::Feast::Prophecy 6 7,135-147 Prayer of Aeneas and sacrifice Sacrifice::Feast 7 7,148-169 Ambassy to the king Embassy 7 7,170-191 The king's palace (descrip&on) Embassy 7 7,192-211 La&nus' speech Embassy 6 7,212-248 Ilionaeus' answer Embassy 6 7,249-285 La&nus' answer; the Trojans come back to their camp Embassy 6 7,286-322 Divine interven&on of Juno (speech) Divine interven&on 4 7,323-340 Juno calls to Allecto for help (in order to provoke war) Divine interven&on 6 7,341-372 Allecto infect the soul of Amata; Amata's words to La&nus Divine interven&on 6 7,373-405 Amata seized with Bacchic fury Divine interven&on 7 7,406-434 Allecto in old lady's clothes pushes Turnus to bahle Divine interven&on 6 7,435-444 Sardonic answer of Turnus Divine interven&on 2 7,445-474 Wrath of Allecto, speech: Turnus seized with furor bellicus Divine interven&on 2 / 7 7,475-510 Allecto among the Trojans; Iulus kills the deer of Tyrrus'children Divine interven&on 7 / 2 7,511-539 First bahle among Trojans and Italic popula&on Bahle::Divine interven&on 2 / 3 7,540-571 Allecto reports to Juno; Juno’s answer; Allecto goes to the Underworld Divine interven&on 3 / 2 7,572-600 Fury of Turnus and of his allies against La&nus ; words of Turnus and La&nus 2 7,601-640 The doors of the war (descrip&on of the habit); Juno opens them; war prepara&ons 2 7,641-645 Invoca&ons to the Muses Invoca&on 2 7,646-654 Catalogue: Mezen&us and his son Lausus Catalogue 2 7,655-669 Catalogue: Aven&nus and his men Catalogue 2 7,670-677 Catalogue: Ca&llus and Coras Catalogue 2 7,678-690 Catalogue: Caeculus with fighters from the countryside Catalogue 2 7,691-705 Catalogue: Messapus with Fescennians and Aequi Falisci Catalogue 2 7,706-722 Catalogue: the Sabinian Clausus and several italic peoples Catalogue 2 7,723-732 Catalogue: Halesus and several italic peoples Catalogue 2 7,733-743 Catalogue: Oebalus Catalogue 2 7,744-749 Catalogue: Ufens Catalogue 2 7,750-760 Catalogue: the priest Umbro Catalogue 2 7,761-782 Catalogue: Virbius from Aricia Catalogue 2 7,783-802 Catalogue: Turnus and his troops: descrip&on of Turnus' armour Catalogue 2 7,803-817 Catalogue: Camilla with the Volsci Catalogue

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Thank you

University of Geneva Masters Seminar

  • Diane Dahan
  • Floriane Goy
  • Basben Marquis
  • Alfonso Norelli
  • Adrien Philipp
  • Johann Sturzinger
  • Mélissande Tomcik
  • Kevin Udrisard

Tesserae

  • Neil Coffee (Buffalo)
  • Walter Scheirer (Notre Dame)
  • James Gawley (Buffalo)
  • Caitlin Diddams (Buffalo)
slide-37
SLIDE 37

Contact Us Christopher W. Forstall, cforstall@gmail.ch Lavinia Galli Milić, lavinia.gallimilic@unige.ch Damien Nelis, damien.nelis@unige.ch Tesserae hWp://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu Neil Coffee, ncoffee@buffalo.edu