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The Vis ision: Requirements Engineering Im Impacts Society

Guenther Ruhe, Maleknaz Nayebi, Christoph Ebert

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May 2016, Fort McMurray, Canada . . . 80,000

residents evacuated

I want to get to Edmonton, anybody sharing a ride? Tom @Tom: I have a seat for U. I pick @JaneDo in Wonderland. Can U be there?

Use of tweets in emergency management:

[1] Vieweg, Sarah, et al. "Microblogging during two natural hazards events: what twitter contribute to situational awareness." CHI 2010. [2] Houston, J. Brian, et al. "Social media and disasters: a functional framework for social media use in disaster planning, response, research." Disasters (2015): 1-22. [3] Hughes, Amanda Lee, and Leysia Palen. "Twitter adoption and use in mass convergence and emergency events." Journal of Emergency Management (2009): 248- 260.

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MAPFEAT: Mining App FEAtures fr from Tweets

Mine informative tweets Topic modeling Retrieve apps for each search query Generate search queries for each topic Send search queries to app store

Search in the app store Wildfire Tweets

Mine app features Retrieve features common between apps Crowd validation

Designed mobile app

Nayebi, Maleknaz, et al. "Crowdsourced exploration of mobile app features: a case study of the Fort McMurray wildfire." ICSE 2017

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Rank Feature MAPFEAT Baseline % selected by survey participants Essential Worthwhile Unimportant Unwise R1 Fire alarm notification  _ 69.8% 22.0% 5.3% 1.6% R2 Food & water requests & resources  _ 67.7% 22.0% 6.9% 2.8% R3 Emergency maintenance service  _ 65.7% 24.5% 6.5% 2.0% R4 Send emergency SMS  _ 65.3% 28.2% 4.9% 1.2% R5 Safety guidelines  _ 64.9% 26.3% 6.1% 1.8% R6 Fire and safeness warning  _ 64.9% 24.5% 8.1% 1.6% R7 Request ambulance on a tap  _ 64.6% 22.7% 7.5% 4.3% R8 Find nearest gas station  _ 63.9% 22.0% 8.3% 3.9% R9 Emergency zones maps  _ 63.5% 25.2% 6.8% 3.9% R10 Find a medical center  _ 61.0% 25.2% 10.1% 2.5% R11 Subscribe for real time alerts  _ 60.8% 28.9% 6.9% 2.8% R12 View gas lineups  _ 60.6% 26.7% 7.2% 4.7% R13 Real-time fire information   60.5% 28.6% 6.3% 2.5% R14 Fire education  _ 60.3% 26.7% 9.0% 3.2% R15 Report incident  _ 60.3% 28.5% 7.2% 3.2%

Only six of the features existing in wildfire apps is among top 40 crowdsourced features explored.

Solving the Right Problem vs Solving the Problem Right

Changes in Validation of Research Results

Boehm, 1984 Project managers not always know what users want, users don’t know what they want! No more waterfall! Dynamic change, continues development in an iterative process

Moving from intuition and negotiation to evidence based requirements engineering by relying on data science.

Boehm, Barry W. "Verifying and validating software requirements and design specifications." IEEE Software 1.1 (1984): 75.

Open RE Decision-making

• So

Socie iety valu lue and im impact as s new obje jectiv ives!

• New actors, tasks, technolo

logie ies, and envi vironment

• Evolu

lutio ionary ry decisi ision-makin ing process inc inclu ludin ing ongoin ing feedback

• Goal

l and objec jectiv ives are dynamic icall lly changin ing

• Br

Broad range of f stakehold lder

• Transparency of data and in

inform rmatio ion

Enhance Quality of f Life by Software Products

• RE for Digital Health and Aging Society
• RE for Smart Things and Cities
• RE for Education

Software Rules the World: The Case of Smart Phone

Ebert, Christof, and Steve Counsell. "Toward Software Technology 2050." IEEE Software 34.4 (2017): 82-88.

RE for Digital Health and Aging Society

• Healthcare is the fastest growing industry in the world and completely

new health system is emerging.

• Medical communications is often happening in support groups online.
• On the other side, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

(HIPPA) defined by FDA made the software development for digital health harder than ever.

Fricker, Samuel A., Christoph Thümmler, and Anastasius Gavras, eds. Requirements engineering for digital health. Springer, 2015.

RE for Digital Health and Aging Society

56% of internet users older than 65 years old use Facebook and 19% use Twitter.

Fricker, Samuel A., Christoph Thümmler, and Anastasius Gavras, eds. Requirements engineering for digital health. Springer, 2015. 78% 70% 64% 63% 50% 44% 28% 21% 12% 6% 3% Workshops system archeology Requirements reuse Interviews Document analysis Creativity Introspection Observation Survey Data mining

• thers

Fricker et al. (2015)

RE for Smart Things and Cities

Robots cooperate with human workers; high-speed trains are flexibly configured according to volatile mobility demands, and smart grids self- manage demand and response of energy. Requir irements to such systems are very ry dif ifferent from what we are used to in in the – lim limit ited – world lds of apps, , IT IT systems and embedded systems, as they connect these three areas.

Ebert, Christof, and Kris Shankar. "Industry Trends 2017." IEEE Software 34.2 (2017): 112-116.

RE for Smart Things and Cities

Benouaret, Karim, Raman Valliyur-Ramalingam, and François Charoy. "Crowdsc: Building smart cities with large-scale citizen participation." IEEE Internet Computing 17.6 (2013): 57-63.

Instance of smart cities based on crowdsource data Networks such as Gowalla or games like PokemonGo gather and share geospatial information.

RE for Education

Education so software for:

• Students at school or college …
• Teaching art, music, dance, act …
• Teaching medicine …
• Le

Learning lan language

• Or

r le lear arning programming an and so software development Can we design one software to gamify coding for school students and university students? Are their requirements the same?

Enabling developers and improving their productivity Enabling industry to have higher revenue End Users

Current RE and SE Mining Cliche

Take ke a da data set Mine Publ blish Take ke anothe her r data set

Current RE and SE Mining Cliche

Tak ake e the e sam ame e dat ata a set et Change ge Mini ning g method thod

Publ blish

Tak ake e industrial ustrial dat ata a set

Plus

The Vis ision: Requirements Engineering Im Impacts Society

Guenther Ruhe, Maleknaz Nayebi, Christoph Ebert