The UN Global Counter- -Terrorism Strategy Terrorism Strategy The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PNNL, 6 Feb 2013, Richland, WA PNNL, 6 Feb 2013, Richland, WA

Arms Control Seminar: Verification and Transparency Challenges Arms Control Seminar: Verification and Transparency Challenges in in Biological Arms Control and Nonproliferation Biological Arms Control and Nonproliferation

Dana Perkins, PhD Dana Perkins, PhD 1540 Committee Expert 1540 Committee Expert

The UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and the Role of the Security Council in WMD Non-Proliferation The UN Global Counter The UN Global Counter-

• Terrorism Strategy

Terrorism Strategy and the and the Role of the Security Council in Role of the Security Council in WMD Non WMD Non-

• Proliferation

Proliferation

The UN Global Counter The UN Global Counter-

• Terrorism Strategy

Terrorism Strategy

• Adopted by the UN General

Assembly on 8 September 2006 (as UNGA resolution 60/288 and annexed Plan of Action)

• The strategy is a unique global

instrument to enhance national, regional and international efforts to counter terrorism

• This was the first time that all

Member States have agreed to a common strategic approach to fight terrorism (including practical steps to be taken individually and collectively to prevent and combat terrorism)

Secretary-General Presents Counter-Terrorism Recommendations to General Assembly, 02 May 2006, UN Photo / Eskinder Debebe

http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/60/288 http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/60/288

Plan of Action (preamble) Plan of Action (preamble)

“We, the States Members of the United Nations, resolve:

• 1. To consistently, unequivocally and strongly condemn terrorism…
• 2. To take urgent action to prevent and combat terrorism in all its forms

and manifestations and, in particular:

• a. To consider becoming parties without delay to the existing

international conventions and protocols against terrorism…

• b. To implement all General Assembly resolutions on measures to

eliminate international terrorism…

• c. To implement all Security Council resolutions related to

international terrorism and to cooperate fully with the counter- terrorism subsidiary bodies of the Security Council in the fulfillment

• f their tasks, recognizing that many States continue to require

assistance in implementing these resolutions…”

Plan of Action (pillars) Plan of Action (pillars)

• I. Measures to address the conditions conducive to the spread of
• I. Measures to address the conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism

terrorism

• II. Measures to prevent and combat terrorism
• II. Measures to prevent and combat terrorism
• …To strengthen coordination and cooperation among States in combating crimes that might be

connected with terrorism, including… smuggling of nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and smuggling of nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and

• ther potentially deadly materials.
• ther potentially deadly materials.
• To invite the UN system to develop, together with Member States, a single comprehensive database

a single comprehensive database

• n biological incidents
• n biological incidents, ensuring that it is complementary to the INTERPOL’s contemplated Biocrimes
• Database. We also encourage the Secretary-General to update the roster of experts and

update the roster of experts and laboratories, as well as the technical guidelines and procedures laboratories, as well as the technical guidelines and procedures, available to him for the timely , available to him for the timely and efficient investigation of alleged use and efficient investigation of alleged use. In addition, we note the importance of the proposal of the Secretary-General to bring together, within the framework of the United Nations, the bring together, within the framework of the United Nations, the major major biotechnology stakeholders biotechnology stakeholders, including industry, scientific community, civil society and governments, into a common programme aimed at ensuring that biotechnology's advances are not used for terrorist or

• ther criminal purposes but for the public good, with due respect to the basic international norms on

intellectual property rights.

• To invite the UN to improve coordination in planning a response to a terrorist attac

improve coordination in planning a response to a terrorist attack k using NCBR weapons or materials…

• III. Measures to build States' capacity to prevent and combat te
• III. Measures to build States' capacity to prevent and combat terrorism and to strengthen the

rrorism and to strengthen the role of the United Nations system in this regard role of the United Nations system in this regard

• To encourage WHO

WHO to step up its technical assistance to help States improve their public health systems to prevent and prepare for biological attacks by terrorists.

• To welcome the intention of the Secretary-General to institutionalize, within existing resources, the

United Nations United Nations Counter Counter-

• Terrorism Implementation Task Force

Terrorism Implementation Task Force within the Secretariat, in order to ensure overall coordination and coherence in the United Nations system's counter-terrorism efforts.

• IV. Measures to ensure respect for human rights for all and the
• IV. Measures to ensure respect for human rights for all and the rule of law as the

rule of law as the fundamental basis of the fight against terrorism fundamental basis of the fight against terrorism

Security Council Overview Security Council Overview

• Under the UN Charter, the Security Council

has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security

• 15 Members: 5 permanent members with veto

power (China, France, Russia, UK, and US) and 10 non-permanent members, elected by the General Assembly for a two-year term [Argentina (2014); Azerbaijan (2013); Australia (2014); Guatemala (2013); Luxembourg (2014); Morocco (2013); Pakistan (2013); ROK (2014); Rwanda (2014); Togo (2013)]

• The presidency of the Council is held by

each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the Member States names

• Under the UN Charter, all Member States are
• bligated to comply with Council’s decisions

4 April 1952: First Security Council meeting at the United Nations Headquarters in New York Credit: UN Photo/MB http://www.un.org/en/sc/ http://www.un.org/en/sc/

Resolution 1540 (2004) Overview Resolution 1540 (2004) Overview

• Adopted on 28 April 2004 under

Chapter VII of the UN Charter

• First formal decision ever taken by the

Security Council to address the WMD proliferation as a global threat to international peace and security

• Imposes far reaching obligations on all

States to take a series of steps to prevent proliferation of WMDs, their means of delivery, and related materials to non-state actors

Action with Respect to Threats To the Action with Respect to Threats To the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression Acts of Aggression

Article 39 Article 39

The Security Council shall The Security Council shall determine the existence of any determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be decide what measures shall be taken taken… … to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Article 41 Article 41

The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon it may call upon the Members of the United Nations the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures to apply such measures…

UN Charter, Chapter VII, Articles 39 UN Charter, Chapter VII, Articles 39-

• 51

51

• Enhance the capacity of all States

Enhance the capacity of all States to respond effectively to the threats posed by the proliferation of WMD

• Prevent the proliferation of WMD

Prevent the proliferation of WMD, their means of delivery and related materials

• Fill the existing gaps

Fill the existing gaps in international law by preventing and deterring any non- State actor from manufacturing, acquiring, possessing, developing, transporting, transferring, or using WMD and their means of delivery, in particular for terrorist purposes

Resolution 1540 (2004) Resolution 1540 (2004) -

• Objectives

Objectives

Security Council Meets on Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe, 28 April 2004

National legislation on prohibitions (OP.1 & 2) Domestic controls and enforcement (OP. 3a & 3b)

• Accounting for, securing, physical protection
• Border controls
• Export and trans-shipment controls

Assistance (OP. 7) Promotion & implementation of multilateral

treaties (OP. 8)

Promotion of dialogue & cooperation (OP. 9 & 10) Reporting (OP. 4)

Resolution 1540 (2004) Resolution 1540 (2004)-

• Highlights

Highlights

Domestic control of BW Domestic control of BW-

• related materials &

related materials & means of delivery (OP 3 a & b) means of delivery (OP 3 a & b)* *

• Measures to account for / secure production,

use, storage, and transport

• Regulations for physical protection of facilities /

materials / transports

• Licensing/registration of facilities / people

handling biological materials

• Reliability check of personnel
• Measures to account for / secure / physically

protect means of delivery

• Regulations for genetic engineering work
• Other legislation / regulations related to safety

and security of biological materials

* 1540 matrix fields

• The Committee established pursuant to para. 4 of res. 1540 (2004) is known as the

the 1540 Committee 1540 Committee

• The 1540 Committee is a subsidiary body of the Security Council
• Chair:

Chair: KR; Vice Vice-

• Chairs:

Chairs: AZ, LU, & UK; Members: Members: AR, AZ, AU, CN, FR, GT, LU, MA, PK, KR, RU, RW, TG, UK, & US

• Working Groups on Monitoring and National Implementation

Monitoring and National Implementation; Assistance Assistance; Transparency and Transparency and Outreach; Outreach; Cooperation with International Organizations including with comm Cooperation with International Organizations including with committees 1267 & 1373 ittees 1267 & 1373

• A Senior Political Affairs Officer of the UN Department of Political Affairs

UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) (DPA) serves as Secretary of the Committee, while the Office for Disarmament Affairs Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) (UNODA) provides substantive and logistical support

• The current Group of Experts

Group of Experts was established per resolutions 1977 (2011) and 2055 (2012) “ “to assist to assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate the Committee in carrying out its mandate…” …”

The 1540 Committee The 1540 Committee The 1540 Committee

Ambassador Kim Sook 1540 Committee Chairman The 52nd formal meeting of the 1540 Committee, 19 December 2012

The The 1540 Committee and its Experts 1540 Committee and its Experts

• Receive and examine

Receive and examine reports to monitor reports to monitor implementation implementation

• Promote greater

Promote greater awareness of UNSCR awareness of UNSCR 1540, including by 1540, including by

• utreach and dialogue
• utreach and dialogue

with Member States with Member States

• Facilitate capacity

Facilitate capacity building and assistance building and assistance by providing a by providing a “ “clearing clearing house house” ” function function

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540 http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540 Tools: Tools:

• National matrices
• Template for assistance requests
• 1540 Committee website

Ways and Means: Ways and Means:

• Cooperation with other organizations
• Outreach events
• Country visits

The 1540 Matrix The 1540 Matrix

• Information originates primarily from

national reports and is complemented by official government information, including that made available to intergovernmental organizations

• The matrix template has 382 “fields”

covering national activities related to the 1540 operative paragraphs

• The national matrices are prepared by

the 1540 Committee

• National matrices are used as a

reference tool for facilitating technical assistance and the Committee’s constructive dialogue with States on their implementation of resolution 1540

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national-

• implementation/1540

implementation/1540-

• matrix/committee

matrix/committee-

• approved

approved-

• matrices.shtml

matrices.shtml

• Calls upon all States that have not yet presented a first report

a first report on steps they have taken or intend to take to implement resolution 1540 (2004) to submit such a report to the 1540 Committee without delay without delay

• Encourages all States that have submitted such reports to provide, at

any time or upon the request of the 1540 Committee, additional additional information on their implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) information on their implementation of resolution 1540 (2004)

• Extends the mandate of the 1540 Committee

Extends the mandate of the 1540 Committee for a period of two years, with the continued assistance of experts, until 27 April 2008 until 27 April 2008

• Invites the 1540 Committee to explore with States and international,

explore with States and international, regional and subregional organizations experience regional and subregional organizations experience-

• sharing and

sharing and lessons learned in the areas covered by resolution 1540 (2004 lessons learned in the areas covered by resolution 1540 (2004), and the availability of programs availability of programs which might facilitate the implementation

• f resolution 1540 (2004)

Resolution 1673 (2006) Resolution 1673 (2006)-

• Highlights

Highlights

• Again calls

Again calls upon all States that have upon all States that have not yet presented a first report on not yet presented a first report on steps they have taken or intend to steps they have taken or intend to take to implement resolution 1540 take to implement resolution 1540 (2004) to submit such a report to the (2004) to submit such a report to the 1540 Committee without delay 1540 Committee without delay

• Encourages

Encourages all States that have all States that have submitted such reports to provide, at submitted such reports to provide, at any time or upon the request of the any time or upon the request of the 1540 Committee, additional 1540 Committee, additional information information… …

• Encourages the 1540 Committee to

engage actively with States and engage actively with States and relevant international, regional and relevant international, regional and subregional organizations to subregional organizations to promote the sharing of experience promote the sharing of experience and lessons learned and lessons learned… … and to liaise

• n the availability of programs

availability of programs… …

Resolution 1810 (2008) Resolution 1810 (2008)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges – – (1) (1)

List of States yet to submit a first report as at 05 January 2013

• 1. Cape Verde
• 2. Central African Republic
• 3. Chad
• 4. Comoros
• 5. DPRK
• 6. Equatorial Guinea
• 7. Gambia
• 8. Guinea
• 9. Guinea-Bissau
• 10. Haiti
• 11. Lesotho
• 12. Liberia
• 13. Malawi
• 14. Mali
• 15. Mauritania
• 16. Mozambique
• 17. Sao Tome and Principe
• 18. Solomon Islands
• 19. Somalia
• 20. South Sudan
• 21. Swaziland
• 22. Timor-Leste
• 23. Zambia
• 24. Zimbabwe

List of States yet to submit a first report as at 05 January 2013

• 1. Cape Verde
• 2. Central African Republic
• 3. Chad
• 4. Comoros
• 5. DPRK
• 6. Equatorial Guinea
• 7. Gambia
• 8. Guinea
• 9. Guinea-Bissau
• 10. Haiti
• 11. Lesotho
• 12. Liberia
• 13. Malawi
• 14. Mali
• 15. Mauritania
• 16. Mozambique
• 17. Sao Tome and Principe
• 18. Solomon Islands
• 19. Somalia
• 20. South Sudan
• 21. Swaziland
• 22. Timor-Leste
• 23. Zambia
• 24. Zimbabwe

1540 Committee website: http://www.un.org/sc/1540

Resolution 1810 (2008) Resolution 1810 (2008)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges – – (2) (2)

• Encourages all States to prepare on a

prepare on a voluntary basis summary action plans voluntary basis summary action plans, with the assistance of the 1540 Committee as appropriate…

• Requests the 1540 Committee to continue

to organize and participate in outreach

• rganize and participate in outreach

events events at the regional, subregional and, as appropriate, national level promoting States’ implementation of resolution 1540 (2004)

• Extended the mandate of the 1540

Extended the mandate of the 1540 Committee Committee for a period of three years, with the continued assistance of experts, until 25 April 2011 until 25 April 2011

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national-

• implementation/national

implementation/national-

• action

action-

• plans.shtml

plans.shtml

As at 05 January 2013, 5 Member States have submitted National Action Plans

• Recognizes States’ progress

progress in implementing resolution 1540 while noting while noting that States have that States have taken fewer measures in some of taken fewer measures in some of its areas its areas

• Takes note of international efforts

international efforts towards full implementation of resolution 1540 (2004), including

• n preventing the financing of

proliferation-related activities, and taking into consideration the guidance of the framework of the Financial Action Task Force Financial Action Task Force (FATF) (FATF)

• Decides to extend the mandate of

the 1540 Committee for a period

• f 10 years until 25 April 2021

until 25 April 2021

Resolution 1977 (2011) Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges (1)

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges (1) -

• The comprehensive review of 2009

acknowledged the significant number of measures that States have taken to implement obligations under resolution 1540 (2004), but identified some areas in which States have adopted fewer measures, such as biological weapons, means of delivery, national control lists, access to related materials and financing of prohibited or illicit proliferation activities -- S/2011/579 The comprehensive review of 2009 acknowledged the significant number of measures that States have taken to implement obligations under resolution 1540 (2004), but identified some areas in which States have adopted fewer measures, such as biological weapons biological weapons, means of delivery means of delivery, , national control lists national control lists, , access to related access to related materials materials and and financing of prohibited or illicit financing of prohibited or illicit proliferation activities proliferation activities -

• - S/2011/579

Resolution 1977 (2011) Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges -

• (2)

(2)

• Stresses the need of enhanced

need of enhanced assistance and collaboration assistance and collaboration among States, between the 1540 Committee and States, and between the 1540 Committee and relevant international, relevant international, regional and subregional organizations regional and subregional organizations in assisting States to implement resolution 1540 (2004)

• Urges States and

States and relevant international, relevant international, regional and subregional organizations regional and subregional organizations to to inform the Committee as appropriate inform the Committee as appropriate

• f areas in which they are able to
• f areas in which they are able to

provide assistance provide assistance; and calls upon States and such organizations, if they States and such organizations, if they have not done so previously, to provide have not done so previously, to provide the 1540 Committee with a the 1540 Committee with a point of point of contact for assistance contact for assistance… …

In fulfilling its clearing house function in a transparent manner, the Committee posted on its website requests for assistance from 38 Member States and from two subregional organizations, as well as

• ffers of assistance from 46 Member

States and a number of international, regional, subregional organizations or entities. With the objective of facilitating technical assistance for the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by matching offers and requests for assistance, the Committee and its experts continued and intensified the dialogue with the Working Group of the G-8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction (GPWG) on the consolidated list of assistance requests… -- S/AC.44/2012/OC.48 In fulfilling its clearing house function in a transparent manner, the Committee posted on its website requests for assistance from 38 requests for assistance from 38 Member States and from two Member States and from two subregional organizations, as well as subregional organizations, as well as

• ffers of assistance from 46 Member
• ffers of assistance from 46 Member

States and a number of international, States and a number of international, regional, subregional organizations or regional, subregional organizations or entities. entities. With the objective of facilitating technical assistance for the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by matching offers and requests for assistance, the Committee and its experts continued and intensified the dialogue with the Working Group of the Working Group of the G the G-

• 8 Global Partnership Against the

8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction (GPWG) Mass Destruction (GPWG) on the consolidated list of assistance requests… -- S/AC.44/2012/OC.48

Resolution 1977 (2011) Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges -

• (3)

(3)

• Requests the Secretary-General to

establish, in consultation with the 1540 Committee, a group of up to eight experts (“group of experts group of experts”)… [later expanded to nine per resolution 2055 (2012)]

• Endorses the existing administrative

existing administrative and logistics support to the 1540 and logistics support to the 1540 Committee from the UN Office for Committee from the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)… …

• Encourages States… to provide

provide resources to UNODA to assist States resources to UNODA to assist States… and to make available make available “ “in kind in kind” ” contributions or cost contributions or cost-

• free training and

free training and expertise expertise to the 1540 Committee to the 1540 Committee to help to help the group of experts the group of experts meet requests for assistance in a timely & effective manner

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia expressed willingness to continue to work with the Committee, including through financial support for specific projects, that will effectively contribute to the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by States. In this regard, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pledged $500,000 for such activities. The Government of the United States provided an additional $1.5 million to the UN Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament bringing its total contribution to $4.5 million to support efforts to facilitate universal implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) -- S/AC.44/2012/OC.48 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia expressed willingness to continue to work with the Committee, including through financial support for specific projects, that will effectively contribute to the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by States. In this regard, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pledged the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pledged $500,000 for such activities. $500,000 for such activities. The Government of the United States The Government of the United States provided an additional $1.5 million to provided an additional $1.5 million to the UN Trust Fund for Global and the UN Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament bringing its Regional Disarmament bringing its total contribution to $4.5 million total contribution to $4.5 million to support efforts to facilitate universal implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) -- S/AC.44/2012/OC.48

Resolution 1977 (2011) Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges -

• (4)

(4)

• Decides that the 1540 Committee will

conduct a comprehensive review on the status of implementation of resolution 1540 (2004), both after five years and prior to the renewal of its mandate… the first review should be held before the first review should be held before December 2016 December 2016

• Urges the 1540 Committee to

continue...facilitating technical assistance for implementation of resolution 1540 (2004), in particular by… matching offers and requests for matching offers and requests for assistance assistance, through such means as visits to States, at the invitation of the visits to States, at the invitation of the State concerned State concerned, assistance templates assistance templates, action plans action plans or other information submitted to the 1540 Committee

The 1540 Committee and its Group of Experts visit The 1540 Committee and its Group of Experts visit the United States (12 the United States (12-

• 16 September 2011)

16 September 2011)

• Goal: to gain a better understanding of

how the US Government implements its 1540 obligations

• The UN visitors were briefed by various

US Government departments and agencies

• Visit included biodefense facilities at the

US Dept. of Health and Human Services / NIH & CDC* and the US Dept. of Agriculture / Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)

• Summary report of US visit:

http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/national-implementation/pdf/information- note-washington-dc-september-2011-32.pdf

Resolution 1977 (2011) Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges -

• (5)

(5)

• Urges the 1540 Committee to continue to

engage actively with States and relevant international, regional and subregional

• rganizations to

to promote the sharing of promote the sharing of experience, lessons learned and effective experience, lessons learned and effective practices practices… …

• Requests the 1540 Committee, with the

support of the group of experts, to

• identify effective practices, templates and

identify effective practices, templates and guidance, with a view to develop a compilation guidance, with a view to develop a compilation, as well as to

• consider preparing a technical reference guide

consider preparing a technical reference guide about resolution 1540 (2004), about resolution 1540 (2004), to be used by States on a voluntary basis in implementing resolution 1540 (2004), and in that regard,

• encourages the 1540 Committee, at its

discretion, to draw also on relevant expertise, to draw also on relevant expertise, including, civil society and the private sector, including, civil society and the private sector, with, as appropriate, their State with, as appropriate, their State’ ’s consent s consent The 1540 Committee website serves as an important medium to share various documents related to sharing of experience, lessons learned, and effective practices on implementing resolution 1540 (2004). On average, the 1540 website receives nearly 4,000 visits per month (generating more than 10,000 page-views traffic) from more than 100 countries. No committee-approved “technical reference guide” or “compilation” of effective practices, templates and guidance are yet available… The 1540 Committee website serves as an important medium to share various documents to share various documents related to sharing of experience, related to sharing of experience, lessons learned, and effective lessons learned, and effective practices practices on implementing resolution 1540 (2004). On average, the 1540 website receives nearly 4,000 visits per month (generating more than 10,000 page-views traffic) from more than 100 countries. No committee-approved “technical reference guide” or “compilation” of effective effective practices, templates and practices, templates and guidance guidance are yet available…

Resolution 1977 (2011) Resolution 1977 (2011)

• Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges

Highlights, Achievements, & Challenges -

• (6)

(6)

• Requests the 1540 Committee

to continue to organize and continue to organize and participate in outreach participate in outreach events events… … and promote the promote the refinement of these outreach refinement of these outreach efforts to focus on efforts to focus on specific specific thematic and regional issues thematic and regional issues related to implementation related to implementation

Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1540 to combat the proliferation

• f biological

weapons, Geneva, Switzerland Africa Regional Biosafety and Biosecurity Workshop

• n Implementation of

UN Security Council Resolution 1540, Nairobi, Kenya

Thematic refinement of outreach remains challenging. Out of the 45 outreach events attended by the 1540 Committee in 2012, only two* specifically addressed biological or chemical areas of implementing resolution 1540 but neither were exclusively focused on 1540. Thematic refinement of outreach remains challenging. Out of the 45 outreach events attended by the 1540 Committee in 2012, only two* specifically addressed biological or chemical areas of implementing resolution 1540 but neither were exclusively focused on 1540.

*Technical meeting on the implementation of BWC and UNSCR 1540-organized by the Ecuador MoD, VERTIC, UNLIREC and UNODA; and the International meeting on chemical safety and security,

• rganized by Poland, OPCW, and the G8 GP, respectively

‘ ‘Food for thought Food for thought’ ’ on

• n

implementation & challenges implementation & challenges

• There is an upward trend

pward trend on implementing resolution 1540 (2004) but challenges still remain

• Still no “

“universality universality” ” on first reports submitted by Member States

• Promoting the sharing of experience, lessons learned and

sharing of experience, lessons learned and effective practices effective practices is still done on ad-hoc basis, with no compilation or technical reference guide approved by the 1540 Committee yet available

• There is increased coordination of the Committee with

Member States and international organizations on assistance assistance, challenges on knowledge management knowledge management remain

Aide Aide-

• M

Mé émoire moire

25 April 2021 25 April 2021

2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015

Comprehensive Review Comprehensive Review NLT Dec 2016

2005 Chair report First Chair report

Report on compliance with resolution 1540 (2004) requirements Report on compliance with resolution 1540 (2004) requirements Report on compliance with resolution 1540 (2004) requirements The 2011 review on the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) The 2012 review on the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) 11th POW: 01 June ‘12 - 31 May ‘13

Capacity Capacity-

• Building, Assistance & Cooperation

Building, Assistance & Cooperation

• UNSCR 1540

UNSCR 1540 – – OP 7 OP 7: recognizes that some States may require assistance in implementing the resolution, while others may offer assistance;

• UNSCRs 1810 (2008) & 1977 (2011) have reinforced the clearinghouse role of the 1540 Committee
• In 2010, the 1540 Committee adopted revised procedures to improve and accelerate response to

assistance requests and facilitate match-making; see: http://www.un.org/sc/1540/assistance.shtml

• BWC

BWC – – Article X Article X: “…the [7th Review] Conference agrees on the value of working together to promote capacity building in the fields of vaccine and drug production, disease surveillance, detection, diagnosis, and containment of infectious diseases as well as biological risk management…”

• The 7th Review Conference decided to establish a database system to facilitate requests for and
• ffers of exchange of assistance and cooperation
• States Parties are invited, individually or together with other states or international organizations,

to submit on a voluntary basis to the ISU any requirements, needs or offers for assistance…

• WHO IHRs

WHO IHRs -

• Article 44

Article 44: “… States Parties shall undertake to collaborate with each other… bilaterally, through regional networks and the WHO regional

• ffices, and through intergovernmental organizations and international

bodies…”

• WHA65.23 (2012) urges States Parties to “…reconfirm their support to developing countries and

countries with economies in transition upon their request in the building, strengthening and maintenance of the core public health capacities required under the IHRs (2005)” and requests the Director-General “to promote the engagement with relevant international organizations and stakeholders to strengthen their contribution towards effective implementation… “

G8 Global Partnership: a key security and nonproliferation G8 Global Partnership: a key security and nonproliferation tool for multilateral funding and international coordination tool for multilateral funding and international coordination

• f CBRN threat reduction activities
• f CBRN threat reduction activities
• The G8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of

Weapons & Materials of Mass Destruction (G8 GP) was launched at the 2002 Kananaskis G-8 Summit

• The GP is addressing BW nonproliferation,

disarmament, and counterterrorism through cooperative projects in areas such as scientist engagement, biosafety/biosecurity, export controls, combating illicit trafficking, and supporting UNSCR 1540 implementation

• Chaired by the US in 2012 & UK in 2013
• In 2012, the US has emphasized biosecurity and

created a Biological Security Sub-WG

• Under the GP, “

“biosecurity biosecurity” ” is being broadly defined to include global health security

• bjectives, with a major emphasis on multi-

sectoral collaboration to meet mutual health and security priorities

G8 Global Partnership G8 Global Partnership Biological Security Deliverables (agreed in 2012) Biological Security Deliverables (agreed in 2012)

• Secure and account for materials that represent biological

proliferation risks.

• Develop and maintain appropriate and effective measures to prevent,

prepare for, and respond to the deliberate misuse of biological agents.

In recognition that full and effective implementation of International Health Regulations

International Health Regulations,

standards and guidelines contribute to preventing, preparing for, detecting, reporting, and responding to biological attacks, assistance includes building and strengthening sustainable national capacities to meet these requirements, taking into account multisectoral approaches.

• Strengthen national and global networks to rapidly identify, confirm

and respond to biological attacks.

• Reinforce and strengthen biological nonproliferation principles,

practices and instruments. Assistance includes promoting the universalization and

full implementation of existing non-proliferation obligations, such as under the Biological

Biological Weapons Convention Weapons Convention, the 1925 Geneva Protocol and UNSCR 1540 UNSCR 1540, and ensuring the

effectiveness of existing tools, such as the UN Secretary General

UN Secretary General’ ’s Mechanism for s Mechanism for Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical, Biological or Toxin We Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical, Biological or Toxin Weapons apons.

• Reduce proliferation risks through the advancement and promotion of

safe and responsible conduct in the biological sciences.

Common Tenets Toward Common Tenets Toward Global Health Security Global Health Security

• The IHRs, BWC, and UNSCR 1540

IHRs, BWC, and UNSCR 1540 have many overlapping or synergistic requirements on strengthening the national systems and

frameworks of biological risk management and promoting international dialogue and cooperation

• In addition to the mechanisms of assistance provided under the IHRs,

BWC, and UNSCR 1540, the G8 GP G8 GP is a key international instrument for funding and undertaking capacity-building activities

• By identifying the synergy and convergence at the national level in

implementing the bio risk management provisions of the IHRs, BWC, and UNSCR 1540, and by pursuing an inter-ministerial collaboration, a “whole of government” /”whole of society” approach, and regional and international partnerships in their implementation, countries could maximize the use of limited national resources

• This would ensure and promote the peaceful, safe, and secure pursuit
• f life sciences for the benefit of humanity and will strengthen global

health security

“ “The 1540 Committee has a key role to The 1540 Committee has a key role to play in ensuring that the world is a play in ensuring that the world is a safe place and in allowing people in safe place and in allowing people in every country to pursue their lives free every country to pursue their lives free

• f fear of catastrophic attack by non
• f fear of catastrophic attack by non-
• State actors

State actors…” …”

The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-Moon Remarks at dinner hosted by the Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia

• n the occasion of the high-level event on

Security Council resolution 1540 (2004) New York, 10 December 2012

Dana Perkins, PhD Dana Perkins, PhD

1540 Committee Expert 1540 Committee Expert United Nations United Nations 300 East 42 300 East 42nd

nd St., Suite IN

St., Suite IN-

• 03074H

03074H Tel: +1 (917) 367 6023 (office) Tel: +1 (917) 367 6023 (office) E E-

• mail:

mail: perkinsd@un.org perkinsd@un.org

Contact information: Contact information:

1540 Committee website: http://www.un.org/sc/1540 http://www.un.org/sc/1540 1540 National Point of Contact for US: Rick Cupitt, PhD (cupittrt@state.gov) Rick Cupitt, PhD (cupittrt@state.gov)