David Trudil USA 1 warfare seeks to conquer territories and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Counter Terrorism and CBRNE Protection 4 7 March 2014 Manila, Philippines The CB Terrorism Threat, Issues and Recommendations David Trudil USA 1 warfare seeks to conquer territories and capture cities; terrorism seeks to hurt a few
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“Putting the horror in the minds of the audience, and not necessarily on the screen”
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WMD Installation Preparedness
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Get Pat Smoak’s Chart
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November 1995 - Cesium June 1996 - Uranium February 1997 Chlorine 14 Injured, 500 Evacuated April 1997 U235 1985 Cyanide March 1998 - Cesium-137 Oct - Nov 2001 Anthrax 5 Dead April 1990 Botulinum Toxin June 1994 Sarin 7 Dead, 200 Injured
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1984 Botulinum 1984 Salmonella 751 Injured March 1995 Sarin 13 Dead, 5500 Affected December 1995 Ricin March 1995 Ricin April 1995 Sarin April-June 1995 Cyanide, Phosgene May 1995 Plague 1992 Cyanide September 2001 Attack on America 2003 Ricin
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Jan 2004 Ricin Feb 2004 Ricin
NHDetect USA
Sept 2006 Hoax 2010 Hoax Sing
2011 Ricin 2012 Ricin & Anthrax 2013 Ricin & Hoax
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MERS
Hong Kong & Guangdong province
worldwide cost of the SARS outbreak to be $30 billion
Source: http://www.who.int/features/2003/07/en
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“to prevent, detect and respond to infectious-disease threats where they start” “There is a greater risk than ever from new infectious diseases, drug-resistant infections and potential bioterrorism organisms … … U.S. government agencies operate many programs related to infectious diseases. But the new effort is the most-comprehensive so far” Headed by HHS and working with DOD and DHS,…”The new initiative is intended to bolster security at infectious-disease laboratories, strengthen immunization programs and set up emergency-response centers that can react to outbreaks within two hours”
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"No foreign invasion from hostile fleets, could possibly work such widespread violence to the general welfare or more tremendously disturb our domestic tranquillity than foreign invasions from pestilence." Joseph Holt, director of Louisiana's board of health, expressed his militaristic view of disease control in a publication named "The Pestilential Foreign Invasion.” On occasion, a disease outbreak has even provided a pretext for U.S. military action. After a yellow fever outbreak in 1897, hawks of that day cited the disease as a reason to invade Cuba. The Spanish- American War was sold in part as a way to wipe out the epidemic at its source. In the early 1900s, disease control continued to be an essential part
Scythian archers dipped arrow heads in manure and rotting corpses to increase the deadliness of weapons
Russian troops used the cadavers of plague victims
blankets infected with smallpox to Indians who are helping the French defend Fort Carillon.
Fleas infected with plague in China and Manchuria
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WMD Installation Preparedness
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NHDetec nn t USA
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First Tier: Agents
Anthrax
Brucella Ebola-Marburg Encephalitis virus Glanders Plague Q Fever Smallpox Tularemia Typhus
Second Tier: Agents
Cholera CCHF Cryptosporidium Dengue Fever Escherichia coli Hantaan Influenza RFV Salmonella Shigella
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Anthrax
Incubation period 1 to 6 days Protection Standard Precautions Contagious NO Signs and Symptoms Chills, fever, nausea, swollen lymph nodes , Treatment Antibiotics and vaccines
suited for aerosol delivery in attack
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160 metric tons of a chemical agent 6.5 kilograms of Anthrax = = One megaton nuclear device
– Infection caused by skin contact with live infected animals, or their hide, hair or bone – 20% mortality rate if not treated
– Infection caused by eating undercooked or raw infected meat – 25-60% mortality rate
– Infection caused by breathing in airborne spores – ~90% mortality rate without treatment
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Image courtesy of: Dr P.S. Brachman, Public Health Image Library CDC, Atlanta, Ga.
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ANTHRAX History
1500 BC Egypt (70-19BC Virgil) 5th and 6th biblical plagues as well as the "burning plague" described in Homer's Iliad as anthrax. Virgil (70-19 BC) provided one of the earliest and most detailed descriptions of an anthrax epidemic in his Georgics. 600 BC – Middle Ages & beyond- Military use Polluting wells and other sources of water of the opposing army was a common strategy that continued to be used through the many wars. 1700’s – 1800’s Anthrax was a widespread disease throughout Europe. In 1769 Jean Fournier classified the disease as anthrax or charbon malin,… black lesions characteristic of cutaneous anthrax.. In 1876, Robert Koch, a Prussian physician, isolated the anthrax bacillus and recorded that the bacillus could form spores which remained viable for long periods of time in hostile environments. John Bell linked anthrax with "woolsorter disease" and developed a procedure to disinfect wool.
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During World War I, German agents were sent to five neutral countries (Romania, Spain, Norway, the United States and Argentina) with instructions to infect animal shipments sent to the Allies. Targeted animals included sheep, cattle, horses, mules, and, in Norway,
In the inter-war period, attention shifted to human anthrax the United States, experimented with anthrax during the 1930s and 1940s. In the late 1930s, the Japanese Imperial Army performed covert experiments on anthrax and began deploying biological weapons in Manchuria. Hitler had forbidden biological weapons research; however, the Nazis did conduct anthrax and biological weapons research at a small secret facility in Poland. Japan conducted biological weapons research from approximately 1932 until the end of World War II. The program was under the direction of Shiro Ishii (1932–1942) and Kitano Misaji (1942–1945). Several military units existed for research and development of biological warfare. The center of the Japanese biowarfare program was known as “Unit 731” and was located in Manchuria near the town of Pingfan (1). The Japanese program consisted of more than 150 buildings in Pingfan, 5 satellite camps, and a staff of more than 3000 scientists. More than 10,000 prisoners died as a result of experiments. Anthrax and plague where among the BW agents developed.
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South Africa experimented with anthrax as a possible biological weapons agent through Project Coast under the direction of Colonel Wouter Basson 1981-1994 In the 1980s, Iraq bought anthrax from the American Type Culture Collection (Maryland). Iraq's biological weapons program produced 8,500 liters of anthrax. In December 1990, Iraq had stockpiled 50 R400 bombs and 10 Ah-Hussein SCUDS. April 1979, an anthrax outbreak due to BW leak in the Soviet city of Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). Between 66 and 105 people died. In 1995, the Soviet program was still in existence and employed 25,000 to 30,000 people Following World War II, the Americans and British continued to research anthrax …the American program, which started in 1942, was centered at Fort Detrick, Maryland. During World War II, American, British and Canadian laboratories began developing anthrax biological weapons. By 1944, the Allies had developed thousands of anthrax bombs. During the war, the British, under the direction of Sir Paul Fildes who ran Britain's Porton Down facilities, made millions of linseed cakes with anthrax bacteria spores for potential use against German livestock. The British tested weaponized anthrax on Gruinard Island near Scotland to determine the best method
Scotland demonstrated anthrax weapons were hard to contain even in experimental sites.
Project 112 tests are known to have involved the following agents and simulants: Francisella tularensis, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus globii, staphylococcal enterotoxin Type B, Puccinia graminis var. tritici (stem rust of wheat). Agents and simulants were usually dispensed as aerosols using spraying devices or bomblets. In May 1965, tests using the anthrax simulant Bacillus globigii were performed in the Washington D.C. area by covert agents. One test was conducted at the Greyhound bus terminal and the other at the north terminal of the National Airport. In these tests the bacteria were released from spray generators hidden in specially built briefcases. Between 7 and 10 June 1966, conducted a series of tests in the New York City Subway system by dropping light bulbs filled with Bacillus subtilis var. niger Local police and transit authorities were not informed of these tests
Original idea was to to disperse sarin over major cities in Japan and the United States from the air.
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8 cases in New York 2 cases in Florida 6 cases in New Jersey 5 cases in Washington, DC 1 case in Connecticut
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+120 Cases
GMANews.TV February 28, 2010
BioPrepWatch January 30, 2013
Suspected white powder reported to police Emergency response team deployed, personnel on full protective gear and vaccinated against anthrax infection Quick on site detection test to confirm if the suspected powder is due to anthrax, sample sent for laboratory confirmation and further DNA analysis Immediate contact tracing to find out who has been in contact with the white powder to start antibiotics immediately and possibly vaccination as post exposure prophylaxis*
* In US, anthrax vaccination can be used as post exposure prophylaxis under Emergency authorization
Single most dangerous infectious disease Highly contagious Difficult to detect (fever, universal rash) No proven treatment High mortality rates (>30%)
Low herd immunity
Source: The world health report 2007, WHO and U.S. Center of Disease Control
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Unaccounted lab samples State programmes Misuse Mutation Synthesis
“As DNA synthesis technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, it will soon become feasible to synthesize nearly any virus whose DNA sequence has been decoded—such as the smallpox virus”
World At Risk: The Report of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism, 2008
“The synthesis of full-length Variola virus
genomes and the creation of live orthopox viruses is now technically feasible”
WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research November 2009
Shigeru Morikawa NIID Tokyo, Japan
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48 cases
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338 cases
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1,705 cases
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USA, 2003
toxin, drug, and weapons, sold in July 2007 in Japan.
bugs, such as vespa mandarinia;
components from plants, such as cyanotoxin, anatoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin;
virus, including influenza virus;
weaponize anthrax;
from a blow-fish, etc.
Katsui Furukawa,
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The Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), code-named Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) By January 1991, a team of 100 scientists and support staff had filled 157 bombs and 16 missile warheads with botulin toxin, and 50 bombs and five missile warheads with anthrax.
In August 1990, after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Taha's team was ordered to set up a program to weaponise the biological agents
*Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU, Singapore
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“According to a report published by the Henry Jackson Society, a British think tank, in October 2013, fighters from the al-Qaeda- affiliated al-Nusrah Front have looted facilities in Syria’s biotechnology infrastructure, most notably biopharmaceutical laboratories” “evidence of BW development can be traced to the deaths of some 40 terrorists from plague at an Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) training camp in Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, in January 2009”
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LIGNET, the global intelligence and forecasting service… reports al-Qaeda to engage in a "spectacular" terrorist attack on the U.S. or Western allies … including those involving biological and chemical weapons - February 18, 2012 Air New Zealand plane quarantined in Auckland after 73 passengers display flu-like symptoms - February 12, 2012 Georgia militia members arrested, accused of plotting ricin attack Los Angeles Times November 1, 2011 | Alarm as Dutch lab creates highly contagious killer flu December 20, 2011, The Independent Woman professor mailed anthrax parcel to Pak PM's office Press Trust Of India, Islamabad, February 01, 2012
Syrian CB weapons a concern in Middle East 2012-2013
AFP, Thursday 23 February 2012
Several US lawmakers received threatening letters containing a harmless white powder, but the sender warned more missives including a "harmful material" could follow, a Senate official said.
By Ed Payne. Matt Smith and Carol Cratty, CNN April 19, 2013
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The Jakarta Post | Jakarta | Wed, April 25 2012, 7:48 AM JAKARTA: The police said on Tuesday that two staff members of the French embassy in Jakarta were quarantined at Sulianti Saroso Hospital for Infectious Diseases in North Jakarta after the embassy received an envelope reportedly filled with the Anthrax virus on Monday.
Preparation 3-5 years
Execution 1 day Diagnosed case 3 days First Death Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
“Experts warn that government labs in Syria have worked for decades to develop biological weapons, possibly including a genetically modified smallpox strain from North Korea … U.S. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper warned (US) Congress last month that Syria may already have the capability to produce lethal biological warfare agents .. Syria is even believed to have retained strains of smallpox from its last natural outbreak in 1972”
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Homeland Security Newswire February 4, 2014 “The numbers of …Islamists who have traveled to Syria to join the anti-regime rebels far exceed those of … Islamists who have traveled to other conflicts, including the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This is especially worrisome since Al- Qaeda-affiliated groups in Syria are gaining ground in their campaign to recruit foreign fighters to launch terrorist attacks when they return home”
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U.S. Biological threats Report
National Security Council
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OFFICE OF THE WHO REPRESENTATIVE IN BEIJING 32
Event Event and the media and the media
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