The Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Program in the Fermilab - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
the short baseline neutrino oscillation program in the
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

The Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Program in the Fermilab - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 16, 2023 314 likes •651 views

The Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Program in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam Neutrino Latin America Workshop - Fermilab April 27 th , 2016 Ornella Palamara Fermilab & Yale University* * on leave of absence from INFN, Laboratori

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Neutrino Latin America Workshop - Fermilab April 27th, 2016 Ornella Palamara Fermilab & Yale University*

*on leave of absence from INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy

1

The Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Program in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam

slide-2
SLIDE 2
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

U.S. future Accelerator Neutrino Physics: LAr TPC Technology

๏ The future U.S. accelerator neutrino program is based on the Liquid

Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) technology.

๏ LArTPC offers the ability to measure interactions of neutrinos and other

particles in real time with sub-millimeter position resolution, allowing for

๏ track reconstruction ๏ particle identification and ๏ electron/gamma separation

far beyond that offered by any other neutrino detection method.

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

3

R & D Physics

Yale TPC and Bo (2008-2009) Proof of Concept ArgoNeuT (2009 - 2010) ν-Ar Cross Sections MicroBooNE (2015 - 2018) MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess SBN (SBND, MicroBooNE, ICARUS-T600) (2018 - 2021) Searches for Sterile Neutrino Oscillations DUNE (2023+) CP Violation LUKE (2008) Material Teststand LAPD (2011) LAr Purity LArIAT (2015) LArTPC Calibration 35Ton (2013) Cryostat Purity CAPTAIN LArTPC Calibration

First&T300&in&Cleanroom&at&CERN&

SBND ICARUS-T600

SBN program, this talk

The US LAr TPC Program: a path toward DUNE

A rich R&D and physics program

slide-4
SLIDE 4
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

Why a Short-baseline accelerator neutrino program?

4

Physics motivations for the FNAL Short Baseline Neutrino program (SBN)

  • a multi‐detector, LAr TPC based facility on the

Booster Neutrino Beam -

Experimental Hints For Beyond Three Neutrino Mixing

B

  • s

t e r B e a m

slide-5
SLIDE 5
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

5

Short-Baseline Neutrino Anomalies (I)

~ 2.7σ

In recent years, two classes of experimental “neutrino anomalies” have been reported from measurement at short-baseline: (I) An apparent 𝜉e disappearance signal in the low energy anti- neutrinos from nuclear reactors (“reactor anomaly”) and from radioactive neutrino sources in the Gallium experiments (“Gallium anomaly”)

slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

6

LSND MiniBooNE

(II) Evidence for an electron-like excess from neutrinos from particle accelerators (the “LSND and Mini-BooNE anomalies”)

Short-Baseline Neutrino Anomalies (II)

slide-7
SLIDE 7
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

7

LSND

Baseline 30 m E= [20 – 50] MeV

L/E ≈ 1 m/MeV

167 ¡tons ¡liquid ¡scintillator

Short-Baseline Accelerator Anomalies

} Backgrounds

Oscillation signal?

Detected an excess in the appearance of 𝜉e, corresponding to a 3.8 𝜏 evidence for 𝜉𝜈 → 𝜉e

  • scillation occurring at Δm2≃1 eV2

_

This signal cannot be accommodated with the 3 SM neutrinos!

Low energy 𝜉𝜈 beam from a decay-at-rest pion beam

_ _ _

slide-8
SLIDE 8
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

8

Short-Baseline Accelerator Anomalies

MiniBooNE

540 m from the target E=[0 - 2] GeV

L/E ≈ 1 m/MeV

800 ¡tons ¡mineral ¡oil

Low-energy excess

LSND excess expected at HE

  • Decay in flight neutrino source
  • L/E similar to LSND
  • LSND anomaly not evident in MiniBooNE where

expected, but a clear excess in 𝜉𝜈→𝜉e (3.4 𝜏) and 𝜉𝜈→𝜉e (2.8 𝜏) appearance is observed in a lower energy range

_ _

PRL 110 (2013) 161801

slide-9
SLIDE 9
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

9

Short-Baseline Accelerator Anomalies

MiniBooNE

540 m from the target E=[0 - 2] GeV

L/E ≈ 1 m/MeV

800 ¡tons ¡mineral ¡oil

MiniBooNE (Cherenkov detector) cannot distinguish electron from single gamma and cannot determine the composition of the excess

– Electrons or photons?

PRL 110 (2013) 161801

slide-10
SLIDE 10
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

10

None of the SBL neutrino anomalies can be described by oscillations between the three Standard Model neutrinos

Hints at new physics

The standard active neutrino mass splittings are way down here at 10-3 and 10-5 eV2

10-3 10-5

Atmospheric Solar LSND and MiniBooNE allowed regions

Atmospheric Solar LSND

slide-11
SLIDE 11
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

11

None of the SBL neutrino anomalies can be described by oscillations between the three Standard Model neutrinos and …

Hints at new physics

Could be pointing at additional physics beyond the Standard Model in the neutrino sector: additional neutrino states with larger mass-squared differences driving neutrino oscillation at small distances

Any additional neutrino doesn’t participate in weak interactions ⇒ “sterile neutrino”*

* Sterile neutrinos were introduced by Pontecorvo in 1968 as neutrinos with no standard model interaction

3 flavor states, 3 “active” (weakly interacting) neutrinos!

slide-12
SLIDE 12
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

๏ The accelerator neutrino anomalies at short-baseline hint at oscillation with very

small amplitude

๏ Resolving small oscillation effects requires good control of systematic

uncertainties

12

Sterile Neutrino Search at FNAL

Kopp et at. Best

FNAL SBN: Multi-detector approach in a well characterized beam

➩

slide-13
SLIDE 13
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

13

Fermilab – aerial view

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Neutrino Latin America Workshop - Fermilab April 27th, 2016 Ornella Palamara Fermilab & Yale University*

*on leave of absence from INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy

Booster'('8'GeV'protons'

Fermilab – Neutrino beams

Booster'Neutrino'Beam'(BNB)'

Fermilab’s+low(energy+neutrino+beam:++ +<Eν>+≈+700+MeV+

14

Booster'Neutrino'Beam'(BNB)'

Fermilab’s+low2energy+neutrino+beam:++ +⟨Eν⟩+≈+700+MeV+

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Neutrino Latin America Workshop - Fermilab April 27th, 2016 Ornella Palamara Fermilab & Yale University*

*on leave of absence from INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy

Booster'('8'GeV'protons'

Fermilab – Neutrino beams

Booster'Neutrino'Beam'(BNB)'

Fermilab’s+low(energy+neutrino+beam:++ +<Eν>+≈+700+MeV+

15

Booster'Neutrino'Beam'(BNB)'

Fermilab’s+low2energy+neutrino+beam:++ +⟨Eν⟩+≈+700+MeV+

  • Beam of mostly muon neutrinos
  • Search for flavor 𝜉𝜈 disappearance

and 𝜉e appearance

  • BNB stably running for a decade

(well characterized)

  • Anomalies exist here (MiniBooNE)

Small electron neutrino contamination: <0.5%

slide-16
SLIDE 16
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

16

B

  • s

t e r B e a m

ICARUS-T600

470 m, 86 t

MICROBOONE

Detector commissioning Summer 2015 Neutrino run started on Oct. 15

MicroBooNE: testing an anomaly

SBN program - Phase 1 - The MicroBooNE detector is taking neutrino data

  • Apply the LArTPC technology to test the unexplained excess in the

MiniBooNE data (on the same beam)

  • Determine its composition as electrons (from 𝜉e appearance) or photons

(from unaccounted background).

slide-17
SLIDE 17
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

B

  • s

t e r B e a m 110 m, 112 t

SBND

600 m, 470 t

ICARUS-T600

470 m, 86 t SBN program - Phase 2 - By 2018, the MicroBooNE detector will be joined by two additional LAr-TPC detectors at different baselines

  • the SBND detector and
  • the ICARUS-T600 detector

forming a LAr TPC trio (to sample the neutrino spectrum as a function distance) for the SBN neutrino oscillation program

FNAL Short Baseline Neutrino program

arXiv:1503.01520, January 2014

MicroBooNE

slide-18
SLIDE 18
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

18

B

  • s

t e r B e a m 110 m, 112 ton

The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND), which will sit close to the source, plays a unique role in the chain of detectors, measuring the purity of the muon neutrino beam (it will characterize the beam before

  • scillations occur and address one of the

dominant systematic uncertainties)

SBND

Length of Neutrino Flight [m] 200 400 600 800

Oscillation Probability [%]

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

2

eV = 1.2

2 41

m ∆ ) = 0.003 θ (2

2

sin Neutrino Energy: 700 MeV

SBND MicroBooNE ICARUS

SBND - closest to the source

slide-19
SLIDE 19
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

19

B

  • s

t e r B e a m 600 m, 470 t

ICARUS-T600

ICARUS - high-tech from Italy

๏ The ICARUS T600 neutrino detector —the world’s largest liquid-argon neutrino experiment — operated at Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy for four years

  • n the CNGS beam, will make its way across the ocean for a new research at

Fermilab. ๏ Given its large mass and far location ICARUS-T600 will provide high sensitivity to oscillated neutrinos allowing for a precision search.

slide-20
SLIDE 20
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

20

(I) BNB emits muon neutrinos (𝜉𝜈) (II) on the way, these might be morphing into another, undetectable form (sterile neutrinos, 𝜉X)… and eventually change again to electron neutrinos (𝜉e)…

𝜉𝜈 𝜉e? 𝜉𝜈 𝜉X?

Appearance Disappearance

Having multiple detectors allows simultaneous searches for oscillations in appearance and disappearance channels, a very important constraint for interpreting the experimental observations.

110 m 470 m 600 m

The search for the forth neutrino in SBN

slide-21
SLIDE 21
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

SBND

21

Physics reach of the SBN Program

A large mass far detectors and a near detector of the same technology is the key to large reductions of both statistical and systematic uncertainties (reduced to % level ) in SBN oscillation searches, allowing to address region of interest at 5σ 𝜉𝜈→𝜉e Appearance sensitivity

} Giunti et al. } Kopp et al.

~3 years of run

SBND

slide-22
SLIDE 22
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

22

Physics reach of the SBN Program

𝜉𝜈→𝜉e Appearance sensitivity

SBND

SBN will cover the LSND 99% C.L. allowed region with ≥ 5σ significance (conclusive experiment w.r.t. LSND anomaly)

} Giunti et al. } Kopp et al.

slide-23
SLIDE 23
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

23

Physics reach of the SBN Program

SBND

SBN can extend the search for muon neutrino disappearance an order of magnitude beyond the combined analysis of SciBooNE and MiniBooNE

𝜉𝜈→𝜉x Disappearance sensitivity

µ µ θ 2

2

sin

3 −

10

2 −

10

1 −

10 1

]

2

[eV

2

m ∆

1 −

10 1 10

2

10

POT)

20

10 × POT) and T600 (6.6

21

10 × MicroBooNE (1.3 POT)

20

10 × LAr1-ND (6.6

INTERNAL

mode, CC Events ν Stat, Flux, and Cross Section Uncerts. Reconstructed Energy Efficiency µ ν 80% Shape and Rate 90% CL CL σ 3 CL σ 5 MiniBooNE + SciBooNE 90% CL

SBND

slide-24
SLIDE 24
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

Not only oscillation physics: Cross Sections at the SBN

24

๏ A correct interpretation of the outcome of 𝜉 oscillation experiments requires precise understanding of 𝜉 interaction cross sections ๏ SBN detectors will provide huge data sets of 𝜉-Ar interactions from the BNB

  • n-axis and the NuMI off-axis fluxes

๏ Large samples in MicroBooNE are coming! ๏ SBND will record ~1.5 million 𝜉μ CC and ~12,000 𝜉e CC interactions per year ๏ ~100k NuMI off-axis events in T600 per year

slide-25
SLIDE 25
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

Not only oscillation physics: Cross Sections at the SBN

25

The only existing GeV neutrino-Ar scattering data are ~6000 events from ArgoNeuT (NuMI beam, 3 GeV peak energy)

  • Phys. Rev. D 90, 012008 (2014)

๏ A correct interpretation of the outcome of 𝜉 oscillation experiments requires precise understanding of 𝜉 interaction cross sections ๏ SBN detectors will provide huge data sets of 𝜉-Ar interactions from the BNB

  • n-axis and the NuMI off-axis fluxes

๏ Large samples in MicroBooNE are coming! ๏ SBND will record ~1.5 million 𝜉μ CC and ~12,000 𝜉e CC interactions per year ๏ ~100k NuMI off-axis events in T600 per year

slide-26
SLIDE 26
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

26

December'20th,'2013'

MicroBooNE experiment

TPC Active volume: 86 t of LAr

MicroBooNE is taking neutrino data since Oct. 2015

slide-27
SLIDE 27
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

27

Near Detector: SBND

SBND design is in final stages and starting construction

TPC Active volume: 112 t of LAr

See presentation from

  • T. Miao
slide-28
SLIDE 28
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

ICARUS: From Gran Sasso to Fermilab via CERN

28

  • Removing)from)Gran)Sasso)

On)the)road)to)CERN) In)Cleanroom)@)CERN) Dec)2014) New)building)complete)late)2016)

Early&2017&

Nov$2014$ Fermilab)

Jan$2015$

TPC Active volume: 475 t of LAr

slide-29
SLIDE 29
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

SBN: International collaboration

29

55 institutions, 8 countries Five U.S. national laboratories plus CERN

slide-30
SLIDE 30
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

Puerto Rico

SBN: International collaboration

30

University of Campinas Federal University of ABC Federal University of Alfenas [13 collaborators - SBND experiment] University of Puerto Rico [3 collaborators - SBND experiment]

Brasil 3

Latin America institutions

Puerto Rico

slide-31
SLIDE 31
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

SBN: International collaboration

31

Latin America institutions

Greater participation by Latin American groups is welcome!

slide-32
SLIDE 32
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

SBN ties to the Long-Baseline Program

32

40 Kton LAr TPC

Physics goals:

  • Matter-antimatter (a)symmetry?

(CP violation)

  • Neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae
  • Searching for nucleon decay

S U R F ( L e a d , S D )

๏ SBN provides an excellent opportunity for the continued development of the liquid argon TPC technology toward the DUNE long-baseline program

๏ SBN data also presents important physics

  • pportunities valuable to the future LBL

program ๏ Measurements of neutrino-argon interactions ๏ Execution of precision oscillation searches will drive the development of sophisticated reconstruction and data analysis techniques using TPC data

slide-33
SLIDE 33
  • O. Palamara | SBN program at FNAL

Neutrino - Latin America Workshop | April 27 2016

33

The three SBN detectors will all use state-of-the-art liquid-argon time projection technology to track neutrino interactions. The international SBN research program at Fermilab will probe one enduring mystery: Are there only three types of ghostly neutrinos, or is a fourth type waiting to be discovered? In the coming years we will know if the neutrinos have still more surprises for us!

SBN: The search for a fourth type of neutrino

Finding Sterile Neutrinos Would be Revolutionary!