The Rumen Inside & Out Ruminant Digestive System Rumen Rumen - PDF document

1/ 26/ 2017 Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Nutritional Management – Objectives Livestock Management CDE Dairy: Nutritional Management  Students should understand ... K. J. Clark, Erin Marotz, and B.A. Reiling  Ruminant Digestive System Anatomy/Physiology January 26, 2017  Nutritionally based Metabolic Disorders  Feedstuff ID & Characterization  Ration and forage sampling & analysis  Body Condition Scoring • Scale • Stage of growth and lactation University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. The Rumen – Inside & Out Ruminant Digestive System Rumen  Rumen  Storage (up to 50 gallon capacity)  Physical mixing Pappillae  Fermentation chamber • Microbes break down cellulose • Microbes release volatile fatty acids (VFAs) = ENERGY - Acetate, from “forage digesters”  milk fat synthesis • Bacterial synthesis of protein & vitamins University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Ruminant Digestive System Ruminant Digestive System  Omasum – “manyplies”; “Stockman’s Bible”  Reticulum – the “honeycomb”  Absorption of water  Forces the “cud” back to the mouth  Continguous with the rumen (rumeno-reticulum) Omasum Reticulum University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln 1

1/ 26/ 2017 Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Ruminant Digestive System Small Intestine  Abomasum (true stomach)  Small Intestine (pH ~ 6-7)  Acidic digestion  Enzymatic digestio n  Absorption of nutrients • Glucose, AA’s, Minerals • Everything except VFAs Abomasum Jejunum University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Large Intestine Metabolic Disorders to Know  Large Intestine  Milk Fever  Fat Cow Syndrome  Water resorption  Displaced Abomasum  Bloat  Storage of undigested food  Ketosis  Liver Absesses  Microbial fermentation  Retained Placenta  Bloat • limited absorption  Hypocalcemia  Laminitis  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSlZjgpF_7g&li  Acidocis  Hardware Disease st=PLsNJI1PtT462txiSTVe6dgrMEbCDhYjSz  Fat Cow Syndrome  Udder edema NebGuide: Dairy Cow Health & Metabolic Disease … University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Metabolic Disorders Metabolic Disorders – What to know? What to know? Example – Displaced Abomasum (DA)  What is it?  Definition (What is it?)  When is it most likely to occur?  Abomasum distended (gas/fluid)  abnormal position  What are the physical signs/symptoms?  How can it be prevented/treated? University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln 2

1/ 26/ 2017 Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Feedstuff ID & Characterization Metabolic Disorders – What to know? Example – Displaced Abomasum  Corn  Brome hay  When is it most likely to occur?  Soybean Meal  Soyhulls  Alfalfa hay  Within 2 wks of calving  Cottonseed  Alfalfa silage  Limestone  High grains diets before & after calving  DAs  Corn silage  Magnesium oxide  What are the physical signs/symptoms?  Blood meal  Selenium  off-feed, scant bowel movements,  Distillers grains  Wheat midds   milk production, general discomfort  Tallow  Canola  How can it be treated?  Dicalcium phosphate  Salt  Surgery  Beet pulp  Citrus pulp University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Sample Feed and Forage Analysis Characteristics of Feeds Why are each of the following ingredients  Sample Questions to Answer (from the analysis) commonly incorporated into a Dairy Ration?  What is the fat content of this ration? Mineral  What is the dry matter content of this ration? Energy Protein Fiber Feed Vitamin  How much is the cow expected to consume? Corn X  What is the cost/day to feed this ration? Soybean Meal X  What is the expected CP of the milk produced? Alfalfa Hay X X Limestone X Distillers Grains X X X University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln What is the % crude protein of the hay? What is the dry matter of the hay? What is fat content of this ration? What is DM content of this ration? How much is cow expected to consume? -- as fed basis -- DM basis What is cost/day to feed this ration? What is expected CP of milk produced? 3

1/ 26/ 2017 Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Possible Skill Activities (Hands-on) Possible Skill Activities (Hands-on)  Proper Forage & Ration Sampling  Analysis  Body Condition Scoring  Ration/Silage Sampling  Hay Sampling  What is the proper scale for Dairy cattle?  Know proper BCS for different stages of production and growth  Proper assignment of BCS to cows. NebGuide: Sampling Feeds for Analysis  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVfWWaTdB9o  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQT8w7bHfuA  University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. What is the BCS? What is the BCS? University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. What is the BCS? What is the BCS?  NebGuide: How to Body Condition Score Dairy Cows  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wASXNn_CTCU University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln 4

1/ 26/ 2017 Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Dairy Industry Acronyms Questions  AA = Amino Acid  DIM = Days in milk  ADF = Acid Detergent Fiber  DM = Dry Matter  AF = As-fed  DMI = Dry Matter Intake &  BCS = Body Condition Score  EE = Ether Extract (fat)  CF = Crude Fiber  Mcal = Megacalories, energy  CP = Crude Protein  NEL = Net Energy, Lactation  DA = Displaced abomasum  NDF = Neutral Detergent Fiber Discussion  DHIA = Dairy Herd  Ppm =Parts per million Information Association  TDN = Total Digestible Nutrients  TMR = Total Mixed Ration University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln Know how. Know now. Know how. Know now. Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Thank You Nebraska–Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. The Youth Development program abides with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska–Lincoln 5