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The role of soil organic matter on greenhouse gas emissions from different fertilizers

Leonardo Verdi1*, Marco Napoli1, Marco Mancini2, Mirjana Ljubojević3, Anna Dalla Marta1, Simone Orlandini1

1 Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e

dell’Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy leonardo.verdi@unifi.it

2 Fondazione per il Clima e la Sostenibilità, via Giovanni Caproni 8,

50145 Firenze, Italy

3 Department for Fruit Growing, Viticulture, Horticulture and

Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia Milan, AIAM - SIA 13 September 2017

Evaluation of energy and mass balances for sustainable management of urban and rural systems PhD project:

• GHG emissions evaluation from different fertilizers on bare

soil at two organic matter level

• GHG emissions evaluation from different fertilizers on

maize

• Energy and massa balance (N) on maize and barley

• CO2 – lack on emissions data from bare soil on Mediterranean area
• CH4 – available data only on wet lands (e.g. paddy fields 0,83 – 1,25 Kg CH4/ha/day; Oertel et al.

2016)

• N2O – uncertainty regarding the role of soil organic C (Velthof et al. 2003)
• wide variability based on fertilizers, soil, climate
• NH3 – iaffected by a wide range of soil factors

State of art Uncertainty on emission dynamics from bare soil (Henault et al. 1998; La Scala et al. 2000; Le Mers

& Rogers 2001; Velthof et al. 2003; Lopez-Férnandez et al. 2007; Carozzi et al. 2013; Oertel et al. 2016)

1

The role of soil organic matter on greenhouse gas emissions from different fertilizers

Digestate Urea Dry matter % 1.81 100.00 Organic Carbon % 34.51 19.99 N content Total % 0.32 46.00 N-NH4

+ %

0.29

• N-NO3
• %

0.04

• 3 replicate
• 2 organic matter levels: OM1 (1,3%) – OM2 (4,3%)
• 3 treatments: Control (no fertilization)

Digestate, liquid fraction from pig slurries Urea

• 18 pots (8 L volume)
• 150 Kg N/ha
• 2 irrigations (10 mm/each)

Unit Soil C % 1.55 N % 0.15 pH % 8.09 Sand % 55.00 Silt % 29.60 Clay % 15.40

Materials and Methods

Portable Analyzer X – CGM 400

Characteristics:

• Automatic temperature control system
• Automatic sampling pump
• Specific filtering system 0,5 µm
• Integrated management system
• NDIR sensors for N2O analysis
• Electochemical sensors for NH3 analysis
• NDIR sensors for CO2 analysis
• NDIR sensors for CH4 analysis
• Software for data management
• Data recording system on SD card
• USB connection cable
• Software for gas calibrations
• LCD display
• Software remote control
• Samplings PTFE system
• Charging system
• CGM automatic ventilation system

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods

22-May 23-May 24-May 25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May 31-May 1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun

Materials and Methods Maize 2017 (Var. Ronaldinho)

CH4 emission flux Results

1 2 3 4 1 6 11 16 21 26

Kg C / ha / day Days

Control

1 2 3 4 1 6 11 16 21 26

Kg C / ha / day Days

Digestate

1 2 3 4 1 6 11 16 21 26

Kg C / ha / day Day

Urea

OM 1,3% -------- OM 4.3% --------

Results

kg CO2 C/ha/26 days kg CH4 C/ha/26 days kg N2O N/ha/26 days kg NH3 N/ha/26 days OM1 OM2 OM1 OM2 OM1 OM2 OM1 OM2 Control 38,50g 129,19e 8.06d 8.06d 0.04c 0.31bc 0.00e 0.06de Digestate SN 604,12b 679,75a 15.07a 12.65b 0.96b 7.65a 0.61b 0.59b Urea SN 67,04f 206,67c 8.95d 11.17bc 0.09c 0.29bc 0.09de 1.15a kg CO2 C/ha/26 day kg CH4 C/ha/26 day kg N2O N/ha/26 day kg NH3 N/ha/26 day Digestate Maize 1196,91a 19,80a 2,17a 0,71a Urea Maize 291,96b 29,65b 1,67b 2,09b

Results on Maize

1

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 digestate urea control t DM/ha

Treatment yield t DM/ha Digestate 13,627 Urea 13,244 Control 9,115

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 digestate urea control N kg/ha

Treatment N kg/ha Digestate 138,27 Urea 143,81 Control 99,54

Conclusions

• CO2 results represent a starting point for further experimentations on bare soil

emission reduction

• First information regarding CH4 emissions, lower data observed than wet lands
• Digestate injection represent an effective strategy for total N emissions reduction.

However, digestate management still represent a critical issue

• Digestate reduce NH3 emissions
• Further experiments that consider soil bacteria population are required
• Further experimentation on soil emissions from compost use are performing

Part of this research is supported by "H2020 SERBIA FOR EXCELL" project. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 691998.

Acknowledgements

Thanks for your attention