The process of deep-frying can be divided into four stages: (1) - - PDF document

1

The process of deep-frying can be divided into four stages:

(1) Initial heating. The surface of the food reaches the boiling point of water. (2) Surface boiling. The hot oil surrounding the food causes water inside the food to evaporate. (3) Decreasing heat transfer rate. Crust continues to dehydrate, less heat conduction, rate of heat transfer through escaping steam decreases (reduced bubbling). The remaining moisture inside of the food is slowly heated to the boiling point of water, which cooks the food inside as if it were boiled, gelatinizing the starch and denaturing the proteins in the food. (4) Bubble end point. Water from inside the food is no longer evaporating. Remove the fried food before it begins to absorb oil.

https://scienceandfooducla.wordpress.com/2015/08/25/fair-food-deep-frying/

2

Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Arc

Paramount, 1981

3

Assuming the statue is solid gold, how much will it weigh?

• A. 10 lb
• B. 20 lb
• C. 40 lb
• D. 80 lb
• E. 160 lb

4

Assuming the statue is solid gold, how much will it weigh?

• A. 10 lb
• B. 20 lb
• C. 40 lb
• D. 80 lb
• E. 160 lb

5

René Descartes (1596-1650)

6

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit German physicist 1709, alcohol thermometer 1714, mercury thermometer 1724, Fahrenheit Scale, allowed temperatures to be recorded reproducibly. Anders Celsius Swedish astronomer 1742, devised the centigrade

• r "Celsius scale"

7

0 K 

900 megahertz, 21.1-tesla NMR magnet at the FSU National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Mag Lab)

liquid helium

4.2 K 

8

How much does it cost to drive from FSU (Tallahassee) to UF (Gainesville)?

9

10

11

http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/static_materials.htm

Becom e positive in charge

The following m aterials will tend to give up electrons when brought in contact with

• ther materials. They are listed from those with the greatest tendency to give

electrons to those that barely give up electrons. Dry hum an skin Greatest tendency to giving up electrons and becoming highly positive (+ ) in charge Leather Rabbit fur Fur is often used to create static electricity Glass The glass on your TV screen gets charged and collects dust Hum an hair "Flyaway hair" is a good example of having a moderate positive (+ ) charge Nylon W ool Lead A surprise that lead would collect as much static electricity as cat fur Cat fur Silk Alum inum Gives up som e electrons Paper

Neutral

There are very few m aterials that do not tend to readily attract or give up electrons when brought in contact or rubbed with other m aterials. Cotton Best for non-static clothes Steel Not useful for static electricity

Becom e negative in charge

The following materials will tend to attract electrons when brought in contact with

• ther materials. They are listed from those with the least tendency to attract

electrons to those that readily attract electrons. W ood Attracts som e electrons, but is almost neutral Am ber Hard rubber Som e combs are made of hard rubber Nickel, Copper Copper brushes used in Wimshurst electrostatic generator Brass, Silver Gold, Platinum It is surprising that these metals attract electrons almost as much as polyester Polyester Clothes have static cling Styrene ( Styrofoam ) Packing material seems to stick to everything Saran W rap You can see how Saran Wrap will stick to things Polyurethane Polyethylene ( like Scotch Tape) Pull Scotch Tape off surface and it will become charged Polypropylene Vinyl ( PVC) Many electrons will collect on PVC surface Silicon Teflon Greatest tendency of gathering electrons on its surface and becom ing highly negative (-) in charge

Triboelectric Series

12

An effort to reconstruct Millikan's "exemplary" experimental thinking revealed serious discrepancies between Millikan's notebooks and his published "raw" data (Holton, 1978). The numerous notes which are scattered across the pages cast further doubt

• n Millikan's integrity:

This is almost exactly right & the best one I ever had!!! [20 December 1911] Exactly right [3 February 1912] Publish this Beautiful one [24 February 1912] Publish this surely / Beautiful !! [15 March 1912, #1] Error high will not use [15 March 1912, #2] Perfect Publish [11 April 1912] Won't work [16 April 1912, #2] Too high by 1½% [16 April 1912, #3] http://www1.umn.edu/ships/ethics/millikan.htm The notebooks reveal that, indeed, substantial data are missing from Millikan's published reports. Of 175 total drops documented in the notebooks, only 58 (barely one-third) appear in the final paper. By contrast, Millikan had announced in his 1913 paper that "It is to be remarked, too, that this is not a selected group

• f drops but represents all of the drops experimented on during 60 consecutive

days, during which time the apparatus was taken down several times and set up anew" [his own emphasis!]. In his 1917 book, The Electron, he repeats this statement and then adds, "These drops represent all of those studied for 60 consecutive days, no single drop being omitted.“ At first blush, this outrageous violation of scientific integrity would seem to discredit Millikan's findings. Even if one assumes that standards of reporting data earlier in the century were less rigorous, Millikan clearly misrepresented the extent of his data. One may caution students, however, that we may not want to conclude that therefore there was no good, "scientific" basis for his selective use

• f data. A more complete analysis of Millikan's notebooks, in fact, and of the

nature of the experimental task that they crudely document, reveals more tellingly the reasons that Millikan included some drops and excluded others. http://www1.umn.edu/ships/ethics/millikan.htm

13