The Patchbay Patchbay Allows easy routing into and between... - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Patchbay Patchbay Allows easy routing into and between... - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 05, 2022 245 likes •650 views

The Patchbay Patchbay Allows easy routing into and between... Studio and Control room Console Inputs Console and Multitrack Recorder Console and outboard gear Di ff erent studios in one facility Patchbay Plug Types Balanced XLR - large -

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The Patchbay

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Patchbay

Allows easy routing into and between... Studio and Control room Console Inputs Console and Multitrack Recorder Console and outboard gear Different studios in one facility

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Balanced XLR - large - Mic panels 1/4” TRS - common, off the shelf TT -mini (Bantam/TT) - most common

Can fit a lot of patch points in a small space

Unbalanced 1/4” TR RCA

Patchbay Plug Types

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Rear Attachment Type

D-Sub - DB25 Multi-pin connector Punch Block Hardwired - Soldered Elco/EDAC - 8-32 channels Mirrored

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Patch Jack Configurations

4 TYPES Parallel Half-Normalled Normalled also called Full Normal Open

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Parallel

I/O always connected Allows you to take the signal at input or output

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Half-Normalled

Patch out both = I/O Broken

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No plugs = I/O connected Patch out top = I/O connected

Split the signal

Patch out bottom = I/O Broken

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Half-Normalled

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Normalled

Patch Out both = Broken I/O

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No Plugs = I/O Connected Patch out Top = Broken I/O Patch In bottom = Broken I/O

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Normalled

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Open

I/O NEVER connected

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Other considerations

Mults One Input --> Multiple Outputs Nor/Half Switching Oxidation and Dust Digital Patchbays

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Metering Introduction

Two major types of Analog meters VU Meter Peak Program Meter (PPM)

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The VU Meter

  • “Volume Unit”
  • Volt Meter
  • Simulates the way we hear
  • Reads the RMS values of the signal
  • Ballistics
  • 300ms response and fallback time
  • Ignores instantaneous peaks or high transient

signals

  • Good for seeing average signal level
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The VU Meter

Calibrated to a standard dB like scale. 0 VU = +4 dBu for a steady state sine wave (1.23V rms) +8 dBu in broadcast and telephone

  • equipment. (0 VU = 1.95 V)

Digital System we choose Cal. point 0 VU = -20, -18, -16, -14, -12 dB FS

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VU Meter

Show RMS values Crest Factor - difference b/n RMS and peak level Sine wave has 3dB peak above RMS (Crest Factor) Voice and Music has typical Crest Factor 10-12 dB Easy for VU meter to miss transients

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Peak Meters

Peak Program Meter Shows the instantaneous level of input signal Doesn’t correlate with perceived loudness 10ms rise time - 3sec fallback time ~ 4db space between markings

BBC STYLE PPM

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Dorrough Loudness Meter

Shows Peak and RMS level values “Spectral Density” Average indicator Headroom

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Digital Level Meters

Based on Digital Full Scale Bit depth determines resolution and dynamic range Relative Scales - depends on reference Peak Holds Multi Scale

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Oscilloscope Patterns

Stereo Metering Visual Imaging of Stereo Image Stereo Width Phase Problems Lissajous Patterns

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Spectrograph

Spectral Graph Frequency vs. Amplitude Varied Resolution

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Spectrogram

Time vs. Frequency vs. Amplitude Spectral Density Harmonic Structure Audio prints