THE NANOSECOND TIME RESOLVED X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY WITH SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FOR EXPLORATION OF FAST PROCESSES IN SOLIDS TOLOCHKO, BORIS; ARAKCHEEV, ALEKSEY; ZHULANOV, VLADIMIR; TEN, KONSTANTIN; KOSOV, ALEKSANDR; AULCHENKO, VLADIMIR; SHEKHTMAN, LEV; EVDOKOV, OLEG ; ZOLOTAREV, KONSTANTIN; KULIPANOV GRNNADY INSTITUTE OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY AND MECHANOCHEMISTRY SB RAS BUDKER INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS SB RAS INSTITUTE OF HYDRODYNAMICS SB RAS
MOTIVATION: NEW LIFE IN SPACE NEED NEW MATERIALS Preparation of new materials at extremely high temperatures and pressures • (10000 C, 300 kbar). Protect materials from the effects of shock compression v=11 km/s. • • Diamond synthesis EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS New wigglers – new spectrum range, high • intensity • New detectors – picosecond time resolution • High energy at VEPP-4 (4,7 GeV) – new spectrum range LASER 100 J, 100 µ s • • Explosion chamber for 200 g of TNT • X-ray focusing optics 2 • BINP support (director, laboratories heads, scientific council)
THE IDEA OF EXPERIMENT Trotil press, ρ 0 = 1,61 1.7 1.6 S -average ρ 1.5 D=7.0 km/s 0 ρ/ρ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 WAXS 0.9 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 Z, mm Diamond powder 5 nm Density distribution in TNT shock wave. 0.1 mm corresponding 13 ns SAXS Liquid Diamonds Absorbsion, XAFS (?) Scientific results ? Graphite 3 Diamond monolith 1000 nm Carbon phase diagram and load-reload model. Dream: diamond 1 mm
HOW R REC ECEI EIVE E HIGH P PRESSURE A E AND T TEMP MPER ERATURE ? E ? BY USING NG DETONA ONATION, ON, S SHOCK W WAVES A AND L LASER ER 5 1 2 4 3 6 200 g explosives 7 Synchrotron 100 J radiation 100 µ s beam 1 mm 2 Shock wave adiabatic heating: 1- flat wave generator, 2- gun tube, 3-plunger, 4-detonator, 5-detector, 6- explosive, 7- sample.
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS New wigglers – new spectrum range, high • intensity • High energy at VEPP-4 (4,7 GeV) – new spectrum range • New detectors – picosecond time resolution LASER 100 J, 100 µ s • • Explosion chamber for 200 g of TNT • X-ray focusing optics • BINP support (director, laboratories heads, scientific council) 5
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION GENERATION SR wiggler STORAGE RING VEPP-3: Storage ring VEPP-4: Period – 250 ns Period – 1200 ns Interval – 250 ns interval – 5 ns Interval* – 125 ns interval – 10 ns Exposure - 1000 ps interval – 15 ns interval – 20 ns exposure 73 ps
Products of detonation Fast Detector DIMEX 125 ns 100 ns VEPP-3 VEPP-4 20 ns Explosive Explosion chamber 7
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS • New wigglers – new spectrum range, high intensity • High energy at VEPP-4 (4,7 GeV) – new spectrum range • New detectors – picosecond time resolution (exposure time), interval 100 ns LASER 100 J, 100 µ s • • Explosion chamber for 200 g of TNT X-ray focusing optics • • BINP support (director, laboratories heads, scientific council) 8
Strip structure for DIMEX-Si 9 DIMEX-G
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS • New wigglers – new spectrum range, high intensity • High energy at VEPP-4 (4,7 GeV) – new spectrum range New detectors – picosecond time resolution • LASER 100 J, 100 µ s • • Explosion chamber for 200 g of TNT • X-ray focusing optics 10
Experimental setup of explosion experiment at VEPP-3 products of SAXS detonation detector detonation front VEPP-3 wiggler electrons SR bunches transmitted beam detector explosive wires detectors explosion 11 chamber
SYNCHROTRON RA RADIA IATIO ION EX EXPERIM IMENTAL S STATIO ION F FOR R EX EXPLOSIO ION I INVESTIG IGATION 12
EX EXPERIM IMENTAL S STATIO ION “ “DETONATIO ION” A AT V VEP EPP-4 Detector DIMEX SAXS with exposure 73 ps Explosive diameter 40 mm Weight 200 g
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS • New wigglers – new spectrum range, high intensity • High energy at VEPP-4 (4,7 GeV) – new spectrum range New detectors – picosecond time resolution • LASER 100 J, 100 µ s • • Explosion chamber for 200 g of TNT • X-ray focusing optics 14
X-RAY OPTIC 150000 ELEMENTS MATERIALS: PMMA, SU-8, NI V.NAZMOV REPORT 100 мм СИ 37 мм
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS • New wigglers – new spectrum range, high intensity • High energy at VEPP-4 (4,7 GeV) – new spectrum range New detectors – picosecond time resolution • LASER 100 J, 100 µ s • • Explosion chamber for 200 g of TNT • X-ray focusing optics 16
ITER: PLASMA DISCHARGE ON THE DIVERTER. MATERIAL BEHAVIOR. MODEL EXPERIMENT WITH LASER PULSE HEATING. NEED NEW MATERIALS The scheme of model experiment with LASER The experimental data of model experiment pulse heating during 100 microseconds. with LASER pulse heating . Now we are preparing an experiment to study the behavior of • 17 the crystal lattice of the material of the fusion reactor first wall in a plasma discharge on the diverter
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS 18
Detonation front structure measurements with using SR TNT/RDX 50/50 Cast 1.7 1.6 1.5 B d = 7 mm ρ/ρ 0 C d = 10 mm 1.4 D d = 12,5 mm 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 X, mm Experimental setup on SR beam. Beam Relatively density at detonation front width H=18 mm, thickness 0,4 mm. of explosives TNT/RDX 50/50, Exposure time 1 ns. DIMEX detector strip diameter 7 mm, 10 mm and 12,5 width h=0,1 mm. mm, 13 ns time resolution
Las Alamos (LANL, protons) and Novosibirsk (BINP, synchrotron radiation) experimental of density measurements at detonation front Trotil press, ρ 0 = 1,61 1.7 1.6 S -average ρ 1.5 D=7.0 km/s 0 ρ/ρ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 Z, mm Las Alamos. Proton experiment. BINP. SR experiment Comparison of the density on axis from the MESA Experimental date received in explosion calculation density (red line) estimated from a experiment of TNT. single frame in green points for PBX9502.
DENSITY M MEASUREMENT O OF E EXPLOS OSION ON PROD ODUCTS A AFTER DETON ONATION ON F FRON ONT WITH U USING G SYNCHROTRON R RAD ADIATI TION Synchrotron radiation Density distribution. Experiment setup.
Density measurement of explosion products after detonation front with using synchrotron radiation. Precision 1 % ! Density reconstruction of explosion product of TNT .
INFLUENCE OF DISPERSION CONDITION OF DETONATION PRODUCTS AT NANODIAMOND NUCLEATION experimental data 10000 absorption correction for 20 keV photons 1 8000 SAXS Intensity, a.u. 6000 2 (10% correction) 3 (19% correction) 4000 4 (34% correction) 2000 0 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 Time, µ s The experiment setup for changing of The SAXS signal time dependence dispersion condition of detonation from RDX-TNT (50/50) with using 23 products. Detonator – (2), Explosive – (2), PMMA tube with thickness: no tube - PMMA muff – (3), SR beam – (4), SAXS – (5). (1), 1,5 mm - (2), 3 mm - (3), 6 mm - (4).
DETONATION DIAMOND NUCLEATION : SCALE EFFECT • The scheme of SAXS experiment during detonation of explosive trotyl/hexogen. • The scheme of SAXS experiment during detonation of explosive trotyl/hexogen. It was found that an increase the mass of explosives leads to increases of produced diamonds mass. Accordingly, • increases the rate of formation of diamonds. However, the dependence of the diamonds mass versus the mass of explosive is nonlinear. Also there is non-linear dependence of the formation rate of diamonds versus the weight of the explosives. Thus we observe a scale effect. 24 • Interpretation: the dependence of chemical reactions from the detonation conditions (diameter), the formation of larger diamonds in the detonation of explosives with large diameters.
CONTROL OF THE DIAMOND NUCLEATION PROCESS Correction of Zeldovich theory and textbooks for university Control the area in PD and velocity of nucleation Liquid Diamonds Scientific results Graphite 25 Carbon phase diagram and load-reload model.
DIAMOND SIZE GROUSE DURING TNT DETONATION • Rubtsov Ivan – student Novosibirsk University • Argonne National Laboratory - APS 26
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION 27
SAXS with 1 ns exposure 28
SAXS with 1 ns exposure 1 нм 1 мкм 29
НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ МУРР • ВЭПП -3: Количество наночастиц Размер наночастиц в диапазоне 1 -100 нм • ВЭПП -4 Формфоктор наночастиц (кристаллическая структура, распределение плотности внутри частицы) Размер наночастиц в диапазоне 1 -1000 нм 30 Возможность исследования откольных иявлений (пыление)
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