The Inaugural USEA Advanced Energy Technology Forum July 17, 2019 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Inaugural USEA Advanced Energy Technology Forum July 17, 2019 Washington, D.C. A University Perspective Sudhakar Neti Lehigh University

Institute for Cyber Physical Infrastructure & Energy

q Cyber Physical Infrastructure and Energy (CPIE) -- Meet societal needs

q Water, Food, Shelter, Medicine, Energy, Internet of Things (I o T).

q Key Societal Needs and Challenges

q Importance of Inter-disciplinary Research q Cyber Security appears all over q Smart Grids and Cyber Systems for Power q Global Warming and Renewable Energy q Better Fossil Energy Systems -> Soft landing to Renewable Energy

q Why Lehigh – Recognized Strengths in –

q Large Structural Systems, Resilient Infrastructure Systems q Smart Grids, Mobile Sensing, Cybersecurity and Computation q Energy Water Nexus, Fossil Fuel and Renewable Energy Systems q Energy Efficient Materials and Devices q Environmental Science, Technology, and Policy.

Energy Research Center

q Energy Technology Drivers

q Coal used to be king q Cost of Natural Gas is decreasing Coal use q Next to Cost, Global warming is a major driver q Inherent new problems with new Paradigms (IT / IoT, cyber hacking, etc.), q Growth of Renewable Energy as costs come down -- Serious Technical issues to be resolved ~ STORAGE!!!

q Energy Research

q Crosscutting Technologies - sensors, control, computing, materials q Critical Materials – Rare Earth Elements, Hg q Renewable Energy – Wind, Solar, Geothermal q Food – Water -- Energy Nexus q Better Fossil Power Generation for Soft Landing into RE q CO2 Capture and Sequestration – Solar Energy use q Water Conservation – Siting issues, Recovery, Dry Cooling Towers q Thermal Energy Storage – Sensible – Cementitious , Latent – CaCl2 q Thermal Energy Storage – Fossil plants, Long-Term

CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM RESEARCH

q Boiler OP, Boiler OP Plus are neural network-based boiler optimization

• software. Utilized at more

than 30 units in the North America, Europe and China. q SCR OP is a software for combined boiler- SCR NOx- air preheater optimization. q IntelliCLEAN is a fuzzy logic-based, intelligent sootblowing optimization software. q The Early Warning Slagging Advisor (EWSA) is a software that incorporates condition monitoring techniques for slagging/fouling mitigation.

Improvements in: Boiler Efficiency Net Unit Heat Rate Optimization of Overall Cost Function Modification of: Boiler Control Settings Improvements in: Air Preheater Maintenance Air Preheater Availability Modification of: Ammonia Injection Grid SCR Operation Modification of: Air Preheater Operation Improvements in: NH3 Usage Catalyst Utilization

q Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). No radioactive or X-Ray source required. q ERCoalTM 3000 and 1000 developed for on-line and tabletop coal monitoring q Smaller footprint and cost than competing technologies. q Application in mining, coal plant fuel blending and fuel tracking, and for combustion control, emissions compliance. q On-line installations at Montour (1.5 GW, Washingtonville, PA) and Bruce Mansfield (2 GW, Shippingport, PA) Plants. Applications in China. q Also, for biomass, gasification fuels.

ADVANCED COAL INSTRUMENTATION - LIBS

RESEARCH ON RECOVERY OF REEs FROM COAL AND COAL BY-PRODUCTS

q Rare Earth Elements play a critical role in modern high-tech industries. q 17 elements of the periodic table provide significant value q Projection of REE market growth is 13% annually to US$8.1 bn q Working on a sustainable hydrometallurgical concept for REE extraction. Concept uses chelate enhanced sCO2. q Two projects that involve PITA and Ben Franklin Technology Partners, and Applied Separations, Consol Energy and Blaschak Coal Corp.

Sensible Heat

• Current Commercial

systems based on KNO3- NaNO3 systems. Limited 500oC.

• Two-tank systems,

Hundreds of MWh

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR POWER APPLICATIONS

Latent Heat

• Concepts based on

engineered inorganic salts.

• PCM from 32°C - CaCl2
• KCl - 700°C and NaCl -

805°C

• HVAC sys & Power plants

Thermochemical

• Concepts based on

reversible reactions.

• Targets: 900°C operation

using Cobalt Oxides and CaCO3/CaO cycle.

Sensible Heat

• Concept based on enhanced

cementitious materials, with embedded thermosiphons. Targets: 400-500°C operation, 90% round- trip efficiency and cost <$25/kWhth.

• Concept applicable to solar- and

fossil-based power plants.

• Research includes concrete

engineering, thermosiphon design, system design, lab. scale testing and 100 kWhth pilot-scale testing at at a Dominion Energy power plant.

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

Latent Heat

• Research on phase change materials

(PCM) covering a broad range of

• perating temperatures.
• Project with ARPA-E on supplemental

cooling using hydrated salts at 35°C.

• Project with EERE on NaNO3-KNO3,

LiNO3-NaNO3, and LiNO3-KNO3 encapsulated PCMs at 500°C.

• Project with PITA on MgCl2-NaCl PCM

conductivity enhancement using graphite foams at 500°C.

AIR COOLED CONDERSERS WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

q Research on a novel dry cooling technology for application in power plants (part of ARPA-e’s Advanced Research in Dry Cooling (ARID) Program). q Project participants include ACT, Inc.,

• Univ. of Missouri, Evapco, Inc. and Lehigh

University. q ARPA-e’s target for cost of supplemental cooling is <$150/kW. q Cool storage system involves heat pipes, phase change materials (PCMs) and self- agitated fins. q Salt hydrate PCMs are inexpensive and their melting point can be tuned to

• ptimize the system efficiency for different

seasons and time of the day (30 deg. C, 170 J/g). q Design and testing of prototype systems.

SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH

q Research on concentrated solar energy collectors (thermal, electric, hybrid). q Integration of solar energy with other power generation including C-PV. q Research on thermal energy storage in the 30-900 ºC temperature range.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESEARCH

q Utilization of CO2 for heat mining and sequestration in geothermal reservoirs. q Exploring sCO2 coupling with Rankine steam cycles, carbon capture systems, ORC cycles and gas turbine plants. q Experimental site: active well (120ºC, 2x300 kWe, 1x400 kWe ORC cycle units, solar energy collector field. q Thermo-economic study on integration

• f geothermal energy into a cascade

multi-product plant. q Integration of concentrated solar energy with derated geothermal wells and power plants.

OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON CAPTURE WITH SOLAR POWER

q Amine-based carbon capture systems result in large efficiency, power and water penalties on the host unit. q Project funded by the World Bank and Conacyt. q Project to investigate the use of solar thermal energy to provide heat to a (Monoethanolamine, C2H7NO) MEA pilot plant (1%

• f flue gas scrubbed).

q Pilot plant requirements: 1.2 MW(th), 24/7 operation, 265

• deg. C, solar irradiance <600

W/m2.

THANK YOU