The implications of tidal resource interactions David Woolf a , - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
the implications of tidal resource interactions
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

The implications of tidal resource interactions David Woolf a , - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 08, 2024 109 likes •432 views

2 nd Environmental Interactions of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies conference Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Scotlland, 28 April 02 May 2014 The implications of tidal resource interactions David Woolf a , Matthew Easton b a International

slide-1
SLIDE 1

The implications of tidal resource interactions

David Woolf a, Matthew Eastonb

2nd Environmental Interactions of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies conference Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Scotlland, 28 April – 02 May 2014

a International Centre for Island Technology (ICIT), Heriot-Watt University a Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions
slide-4
SLIDE 4

Interaction of Tidal Developments

  • Resources are not additive
  • Cannot calculate extractable energy by separate models of

each site

  • The optimum is not obvious and requires experimentation
  • “Parallel is good, Serial is bad”
  • Environmental Effects
  • Local
  • E.g. displacement and collision
  • Spatial planning with GIS tools, “piled on top of each other”
  • At a distance
  • E.g. migration, fluid dynamics
  • Spatial planning complicated
slide-5
SLIDE 5

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions
slide-6
SLIDE 6

3D or 2D model with nested grid

Courtesy of Susana Baston

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions
slide-8
SLIDE 8

Pentland Firth and Scapa Flow I

  • A normal view
slide-9
SLIDE 9

Pentland Firth and Scapa Flow II

  • An electrical analogue
AC

ZTh

Hoy Mainland

Stroma Swona

Flotta

Pentland Firth Scapa Flow

Exterior to Domain

VTh

slide-10
SLIDE 10

For more details see: Woolf, D. K. (2013) “The strength and phase of the tidal stream”, International Journal of Marine Energy, 3, 3-13.

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions
slide-12
SLIDE 12

Inter-Channel effects in the Pentland Firth {after Draper et al. 2014a, b}

A D B C E

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Inter-Channel effects in the Pentland Firth {after Draper et al. 2014a, b}

B alone B with C B with D B with C & D B with E 122 MW 218 MW 148 MW 320 MW 108 MW +96 MW +26 MW +198MW

  • 14MW
slide-14
SLIDE 14

Simple Representation of Systemic and Inter-Channel Effect

Systemic Effect Inter- Channel Effect

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Geographic setting

The Pentland Firth North Scotland and Orkney

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Intra-Channel Effect

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Simple Representation of Intra- Channel Effect

Exterior Intra- Channel Effect

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Effect on Current Speeds

FULL WIDTH PARTIAL ON BYPASS ON MAIN ON WHOLE

N/A

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Introduction

  • Motivation; Interaction of Tidal Developments
  • Resources are not additive
  • Environmental effects at a distance
  • Modelling Approaches
  • 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Interactions
  • Systemic
  • Inter-Channel, [Draper et al. x 2)
  • Intra-Channel, [Easton and Woolf]
  • Conclusions (Governance and Policy)
slide-21
SLIDE 21

Political Boundary

Jurisdiction A Jurisdiction B

Proposal B1 Proposal B2 Proposal A2 Proposal A1

slide-22
SLIDE 22
slide-23
SLIDE 23

No

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

No Yes No

slide-24
SLIDE 24

No

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

No Yes No

?

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Yes

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

No No Yes

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Yes

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

No No Yes

X

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Yes

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

Yes No No

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Yes

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

Yes No No

X

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Yes

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

No Yes No

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Yes

X ? √

Bad Strategy Questionable Strategy Good Strategy

No Yes No

√

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Implications of Tidal Interactions

  • Modelling
  • “Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful” George

Box [b. 1919, d. 2013]

  • Electrical circuit analogies are useful
  • Diversity but not duplication
  • Do not confuse
  • Undeveloped with Unaltered
  • Inactivity with Conservation
  • Think strategically
  • Design systems and policies that enable strategic decisions