The future's bright, the future's solar Photovoltaics for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The future's bright, the future's solar Photovoltaics for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 10, 2022 782 likes •1.05k views

The future's bright, the future's solar Photovoltaics for households, businesses and communities Dr. Christian N. Jardine Joju Solar St Hildas College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine Low Energy Seminar Energy of Sunlight Solar

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

The future's bright, the future's solar

Photovoltaics for households, businesses and communities

  • Dr. Christian N. Jardine

Joju Solar

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Energy of Sunlight

  • Solar energy10,000 times global power demand
  • In the UK, 900-1300 kWh/ m2 per year
  • Our summer days receive almost as much energy as the

Mediterranean

  • Even on a cloudy day we receive 1/3 the energy of a clear

day

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Orientation

  • Large hotspot of high light intensities
  • SE to SW and 20 to 50º receive 95% the energy of an
  • ptimally pitched roof
  • Flat arrays receive 90% insolation of optimally pitched

array

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

What are Photovoltaics?

  • Photovoltaics are made out of materials called

semiconductors

  • Semiconductors can absorb the energy of light to generate

electric current

  • Photovoltaics are typically made out of silicon
  • Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth
  • Supplies of silicon are truly sustainable
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Why Photovoltaics?

  • No CO2 emissions during operating lifetime
  • No moving parts
  • Secure supply of energy; distributed energy production
  • Suitable for use within an urban environment
  • Architecturally attractive product
  • Modular
  • Massive energy producing potential
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Photovoltaics for Businesses

  • Helps meet Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) targets

– At negative cost, with feed-in tariff

  • Hedges against future electricity price rises

– De-risks business

  • Provides diversity of income stream

– Guaranteed payments provide baseline income

  • Boosts environmental credentials and ‘green image’

– Competitive advantage

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

System components

  • PV modules – to generate DC

electricity

  • Inverter – to turn DC electricity

in 240V AC electricity and match this to the phase of the grid – Implies no production if grid goes down for safety reasons

  • Isolation switches
  • String fuses and G57 relay for

larger installations

  • Generation meter
  • Optional export meter
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Solar Generation

  • Solar PV is sold on the basis of its kWpeak rating
  • A 1kW system will generate 860 kWh per year
  • Domestic

– A typical sized 2 kW system will provide around 1700 kWh per year – An average home uses 3300 kWh on lights and appliances – But possible to use ½ this if you are energy efficient

  • Businesses

– 50kW likely maximum, 43000 kWh per annum

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Modules

  • Modules can be simply roof mounted
  • Mounted on a frame that attaches to roof joists
  • Permitted development if <20cm from plane of roof
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

  • Dr. Christian N. Jardine
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Large Scale Installation Process

Video at http://www.jojusolar.co.uk/media/large-scale-solar-pv-installation.html

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Solar Roof Tiles

  • Simple to install
  • Can be installed by a conventional roofer
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Glass-glass Laminates

  • Semi-transparent PV laminates
  • Very attractive architectural material
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Solar PV Costs

  • Little to choose between suppliers
  • Prices reduced significantly this year
  • £3200/kW + £2000 +VAT(5%)
  • Large scale <£2400-2900/kW +VAT (20%)
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

PV Income

Rewards depending on use Rewards for generation

Feed-in tariff 43 p/kWh Cheque from Utility Measured Used on site 13p/kWh Saving off bills Measured Exported 3p/kWh Cheque from utility Estimated as 50% of generation

%? %?

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

The Feed-in tariffs

  • Payments to be inflation adjusted – payments are protected and

will increase over time

  • BUT – Future tariff levels to be decided by Government, and will

reduce by at least 10% in April 2012.

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Avoided Imports

  • Any electricity used on site gives an additional saving

because you don’t have to pay for imported electricity anymore

  • Current market price 13p/kWh (10p commercial)
  • Likely to increase over time due to

– Oil shortages increasing cost of electricity – Need to replace nuclear and much of our coal plant – Cost of meeting supply gap from renewables – Target of 40% electricity generation from renewables by 2020

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Exported electricity

  • Feed-in tariff is reward for green electricity generation
  • Paid even if you use it yourself
  • Additional payment to reflect value of exported electricity
  • Additional 3p/kWh for exported electricity
  • Too small to meter – assumed to be 50% of generation
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Putting it all together

  • Payback depends on:
  • Size, orientation, local factors (shading)
  • Feed-in tariff band
  • Cost
  • Percentage of electricity used on site
  • Assumed rates of inflation and electricity price rise
  • Should see returns in excess of 9-12% per annum,

domestic.

  • 12-17% at large scale.
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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Typical returns

[1] Based on: feed-in tariff of 43.3p, inflation of 2.5% p.a., domestic electricity at 13p/kWh, electricity price rise of 4% pa. , 50% of electricity used on site.

Size 12m2 16m2 24m2 System size 1.5 kW 2 kW 3 kW Our Price £6,800 £8,400 £11,600 Feed-in tariff payments £17,990 £23,980 £35,970 Avoided Imports £2,880 £3,830 £5,750 Export Payment £650 £870 £1,310 Total Benefits £21,510 £28,680 £43,000 Return on Investment 10.2% 11.1% 12.1% Payback 9.8 years 9.2 years 8.5 years

£- £200 £400 £600 £800 £1,000 £1,200 £1,400 £1,600 Income Time

Avoided Imports Exported electricity FiT Payment

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Commercial Project Returns

  • At £2700/kW, IRR of 15.2% (ex VAT)

– Standard modules, difficult access

  • At £2400/kW, IRR of 17% (ex VAT)

– Cheaper modules, simple roof access

  • Projects for 2012 still viable (est. 25% reduction in income)

£- £5,000 £10,000 £15,000 £20,000 £25,000 £30,000 £35,000 £40,000 Year 1 Year 3 Year 5 Year 7 Year 9 Year 11 Year 13 Year 15 Year 17 Year 19 Year 21 Year 23 Year 25

Exported electricity Avoided Imports FiT Payment

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Community Solar

  • Benefits from building at scale
  • Opportunity to generate ongoing revenue streams for

community projects

  • Highly visible means of engaging a wider audience with

the low carbon agenda

  • Allows participation from

– Those that can’t afford their own solar system – Those without favourable roofs – Those who rent – Supports those

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Community Investment Model

  • Project returns ca. 13%
  • Benefits split between

– Host building free electricity (3%) – Investors (10%) – Some admin costs

  • E.g. Wey Valley Solar Schools
  • www.weyvalleysolar.co.uk
  • £1m share offer opens 16th

Sept 2011

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Community Benefit Model

  • Project returns ca 13%
  • Benefits split between

– Host building free electricity (3%) – Investors (4%) – Return to community group (6%)

  • E.g. Low Carbon West Oxford

(>£1m project grants), Oxford North Community Renewables (£150k share offer)

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Joju Solar Community Offer

  • Our thank you, to celebrate our 5th birthday
  • We are giving away a solar PV system of up to 4kW

including installation

  • What would you do with this income?
  • www.jojusolar.co.uk/birthday-giveaway
  • To community

groups, charities

  • All benefits, FiT

and electricity given away

  • Estimated worth

£1400 per annum, inflation linked

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Low Energy Seminar St Hilda’s College, 24/9/11 Dr Christian N Jardine

Thank you for you Attention!!

www.jojusolar.co.uk 0207 695 1000

Official Solar Energy Partners of: