Introduction to Solar Business Agenda Solar Electricity Generation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to Solar Business

• Mr. PONGPAT PHUKANUD

Business Development and Strategy

Agenda

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Solar Electricity Generation Fundamental Solar PV Power Plant Sunny Bangchak Projects

Solar Electricity Generation Fundamental

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So Solar r El Elec ectri trici city ty Gen enera erati tion

• n Fun

undamenta damental

• Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun.
• Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation (infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and

radio waves).

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minutes

The time it takes for light from the sun to reach Earth

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Trillion 100 watt bulbs

Equivalent to the amount of solar energy hitting the Earth every second

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Million barrels of oil

Equivalent to the amount of solar energy that hits one square mile each year

Source: Boston Globe; Energy Information

What is Solar Energy?

Relative Solar Irradiation to Earth Surface

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1 2 3 4 5 6

Potential of Solar Energy in Thailand

High Solar Irradiation Average 5 kWh/m2/day

Types of Solar Radiation

Direct radiation has a definite direction but diffuse radiation is just going any which way. Because when the radiation is direct, the rays are all travelling in the same direction, an

• bject can block them all at once. This is why shadows are only produced when direct

radiation is blocked. "Direct radiation" is also sometimes called "beam radiation" or "direct beam radiation". It is used to describe solar radiation traveling on a straight line

from the sun down to the surface

• f the earth.

Direct Radiation

"Diffuse radiation", on the other hand, describes the sunlight that has been scattered by molecules and particles in the atmosphere but that has still made it down to the surface of the earth.

Diffuse Radiation

The Fundamentals: 4 ways to use the solar energy

Concentrating solar power (CSP) Passive Solar Building design Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Solar thermal energy Uses the sun’s daily and annual cycles to maintain building thermal comfort Uses the thermal energy directly from the sun to heat domestic water Uses concentrated solar radiation as a high temperature energy source to produce electrical power Generates electricity through the direct conversion of sunlight

How Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Generate Electricity

Heat from Solar Hot Oil / Steam Turbine & Generator Electricity

How to Concentrate Solar Radiation

Reflector follows the sun Types of Reflector Tubes

Central Receiver Systems (Tower Type)

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Sierra SunTower : 5MW California

• 20 acres
• 2 towers
• Steam temp 440° C
• Steam pressure 60 bar
• 24,000 mirrors

Parabolic Dish

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Power Conversion Unit (Sterling Engine)

Parabolic Troughs

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Solar Collector in Operation

Tube of Parabolic Troughs

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Solar Collector in Operation

Example: Type 3 : 50MW Parabolic Troughs in Spain (4/5)

15 50 MW Solar Thermal Plants Go Online in Spain; Each Can Run 7.5 Hours During the Daytime. Torresol Energy

How Solar Photovoltaic Generate Electricity

Solar Cell

Light

(Photon)

Electron

Conduction bands Valence bands Light

Energy Gap 1.1 eV

How Solar Photovoltaic Generate Electricity

Global Trend of Solar Electricity Generation

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Source : Renewable 2013, Global Status Report

Photovoltaic Technology Concentrating Solar Thermal Power

Fundamental of Electricity Generation from Solar Energy

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Concentrating solar power (CSP, Solar Thermal) Photovoltaic (PV)

Solar Energy PV Modules Electricity

Heat from Solar Hot Oil / Steam Turbine & Generator Electricity

10% - 18% Efficiency 80% 27% 20% Efficiency Direct and Diffuse Irradiation Direct Irradiation Only

Solar Power Plant Business Model

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So Solar r PV PV Po Power wer Pl Plant ant

Global Trend of Solar PV

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Global Trend of Solar PV

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Solar Module / Solar Panel

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Solar Panel /Solar Module

Solar Cell

Photovoltaic (PV) Silicon Base Crystalline Mono Crystalline Multi-Crystalline Thin Film Single Junction Tandem Hybrid HIT Non-Silicon CI(G)S CdTe GeAs

Types of Photovoltaic

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Photovoltaic (PV)

Compare Type of Silicon Base PV

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Single Crystalline Poly Crystalline Amorphous Silicon (Thin Film)

Efficiency 16% - 20% Efficiency 12% - 15% Efficiency 6% - 10% 160 – 200 W/m2 120 – 150 W/m2 60 – 100 W/m2 100 kW needs 700 m2 100 kW needs 1,000 m2 100 kW needs 2,000 m2 More modules Cost Less Construction Cost Less modules Cost More Construction Cost

The Value Chain of Crystalline (Multi-Crystalline)

• 25% of the earth surface
• 98.5 to 99.9%

Sand or Quartz Si metal

• 99.9999% pure

Ingot

• 50% of Si loss

Wafers Cell 16% efficiency Modules Solar Power Plant Electricity

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Value Chain of Multi-Crystalline

Solar Modules

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Standard Test Condition Optimum Operating Voltage (Vmp) 36.5V Optimum Operating Current (Imp) 8.09A Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 45.3V Short Circuit Current (Isc) 8.57A Maximum Power at STC (Pmax) 295W Module Efficiency 15.2% Power Tolerance 0 / +5% Temperature Characteristics Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT ) 45±2oC Temperature Coefficient of Pmax

• 0.400%/oC

Temperature Coefficient of Voc

• 0.314%/oC

Temperature Coefficient of Isc 0.051%/oC

Solar PV Power Plant Fundamental

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Poly Crystalline

Solar Modules Inverters

Sun Light

DC Current AC Current AC Current

Transformers Grid

Solar Modules Structure

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15O

• Tilt panels make sun light

direction be perpendicular to panels (at noon)

• Because of Earth orbit,

the sun light direction changes seasonally.

Connect Modules in Series

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To Achieve the input voltage requirement of inverter

Inverters

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SUNNY CENTRAL 800 CP

Input (DC)

• Max. DC power

(@ cosΦ = 1) 898 kW Max input voltage 1000V (1100V) Max input current 1400 A Min input voltage 568V (570V) Output (AC) Rated power (25oC) 880 kVA Nominal power (50oC) 800 kVA Nominal AC Voltage 360 V Max output current 1411 A Power factor 1/0.9 lag&lead

• Max. Efficiency

98.6% Euro Efficiency 98.4%

4 Drainage Pump Run 2 Pump Standby 2 Pump

Highest Flood Level : + 2.5 M.S.L

+ 4.3 M.S.L

Flood Protection System

Site Selection

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Site Selection Factors

 Land Owned  High Solar Irradiation  Plain and Clear Area  Close to Local Substation

High Solar Irradiation Close to Local Substation ~ 3.3 km

Ayutthaya : 5.18 kWh/m2/day

Key Resources : Solar Irradiation

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22 Years Historical Data

Ayutthaya : 5.18 kWh/m2/day

Solar Power Plant System Loss

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200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280

Standard Condition 1000 W/m2 @ 25oC SOLAR PANEL 1.94 m2

270 W

Gain from Tilt Loss from Environment DC Loss AC Loss

219 W NET OUTPUT Annual Average

Loss ~20%

5 kWh/m2/day 5 hours/day

How to Compare Solar Irradiation

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200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280

Electricity Generation Calculation

• 1. Solar Irradiance
• 2. Derating Factors

Annual Output = Nameplate Installed x Peak Sun Hour x Derating Factor x Availability Factor x 365 days = 10,000 kW x 5.00 hours/day x 80% x 98% x 365 day = 14,308,000 kWh/year

Overall Derating Factor Approx. 80%

5 hours/day

Loss ~20%

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Cost Structure

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Position MD Engineer Operator Technician Account Admin

• Human Resources

Operation

• Modules Cleaning
• Once / Month
• Security Guard
• Inverter Electricity Consumption
• Electrical Fund 0.01 THB/kWh

Item Visual Inspection System Performance Server Preventive Transformers HV Substation

• Preventive Maintenance

Maintenance

• Inverter Maintenance
• 0 – 5 Year : Warranty by suppliers
• 6 – 25 Year : Preventive Maintenance
• Total Maintenance (after 5 year)
• Approx. 5% of Sales

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Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP: 2012-2021)

Renewable Energy in 2021

Solar Wind 2,000MW

1,200 MW

3,200MW Biofuel 9 ML/D 6 ML/D Replace Oil 44% 25 ML/D Ethanol Biodiesel

New Energy

New renewable 2 MW 1 MW 3 MW Wave Geothermal Biopower

3,630 MW

600 MW 4,390 MW 160 MW Biomass Biogas Waste Hydro power 324 MW 1,608 MW Hydro 3,000MW 1,800MW 4,800MW 324 MW 4,800MW 3,600MW 400MW 8,800MW NEW REDP Targets of Thailand (2012-2021)

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Solar Incentives in Thailand

Target in 2021 3,000 MW 2,000 MW (ADDER, 8 THB/kWh) Power Plant 200 MW (FiT, Roof) House 100 MW Business 100 MW 800 MW (FiT, Community)

SUNNY BANGCHAK Project

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SU SUNNY NY BAN ANGCHAK CHAK Pr Proj

• ject

ect

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Sunny Bangchak Project

Project Capacity (MWAC) Phase 1 38 Phase 2 32 Phase 3 48 Total 118

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 Location :

• Bang-Pa-In, Ayutthaya

 Capacity : 38 MWAC  Technology : Photovoltaic, Poly-Crystalline  Area Coverage : ~ 480 Rai (76.8 Hectares) Proje ject ct Info formatio mation info fo

Electricity Production 66 GWh / Year CO2 Reduction = Equivalent to Reforestation 38,000 ton CO2/Year = 28,000 Rais (4,400 Hectres)

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Project

• ject Info

formation mation info fo

Project Phase 2 Location Ayutthaya and Chaiyaphum Capacity 32 MW Project progress Commercial Operation

SU SUNNY NY BAN ANGCHAK CHAK Ph Phase ase II

Project

• ject Info

formation mation info fo

Electricity Production 72 GWh / Year CO2 Reduction = Equivalent to Reforestation 40,000 ton CO2/Year = 29,000 Rais (4,600 Hectres)

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Project

• ject Info

formati mation

• n

info fo

Project Phase 3 Location North East of Thailand Capacity 48 MW Project progress COD on April 2014

SU SUNNY NY BAN ANGCHAK CHAK Ph Phase ase III

Project

• ject Info

formation mation info fo

Electricity Production 111 GWh / Year CO2 Reduction = Equivalent to Reforestation 62,000 ton CO2/Year = 45,000 Rais (7,000 Hectres)

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Benefits on Country of SUNNY BANGCHAK

 Electricity Production :

• 250 GWh/Year

 Reduce oil import  CO2 reduction

• 138,000 tonCO2/Year

 Equivalent to reforestation

• 100,000 rai

THANK YOU

• Mr. PONGPAT PHUKANUD

Business Development and Strategy