The Carbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle Spring 09 UC Berkeley Traeger 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

the carbon cycle the carbon cycle
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The Carbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle Spring 09 UC Berkeley Traeger 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Economics of Climate Change C 175 The Carbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle Spring 09 UC Berkeley Traeger 1 Climate Change 30 The Economics of Climate Change C 175 Antropogenic Carbon Emissions and Atmospheric Accumulation Flows!


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SLIDE 1

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

The Carbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 30

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SLIDE 2

Antropogenic Carbon Emissions and Atmospheric Accumulation

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

Flows!

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 31

Source: Houghton, R.A. (2007), Balancing the Global Carbon Budget, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 35:313–47.

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Where is all the Carbon? (2005)

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

 Athmosphere:

 CO2:

805 Gt

Stocks!

 Methane: 1.7 Gt

 Oceans:

38 000 Gt

 Surface, contact with atmosphere: 700‐1000

 Terrestial Systems:

 terrestrial vegetation: 540 560 Gt  terrestrial vegetation: 540 ‐ 560 Gt  organic matter in soils: 1 500 – 2 000 Gt (in the top meter )

Note: 50% of dry (water removed) organic matter is carbon 5 y ( ) g

 Fossil Fuels:

 Recoverable reserves of coal, oil, and gas: 5 000–10 000 Gt

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 32

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SLIDE 4

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

Carbon Stocks & Flows

Units: 1 Pg =1015 g = 1 Gt =Billion tons

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 33

Houghton, R.A. (2007), Balancing the Global Carbon Budget, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 35:313–47.

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SLIDE 5

Budgeting the Antropogenic Changes

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175 Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 34

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SLIDE 6

How to find the ‘Missing Carbon’?

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

Last Friday (01/23/09) Japan’s Aerospace Exploration Agency lauched “IBUKI”

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 35

Last Friday (01/23/09) Japans Aerospace Exploration Agency lauched IBUKI …not to search for little C’s in outer space, but to…

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monitor the change in infrared radiation caused by the presence of CO2

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

 “IBUKI”=GOSAT= Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite  Next month (02/23/09) NASA launches OCO from the Vandenberg Air

Force Base in California (~Santa Barbara)

 As we learned during the course of the lecture sleeps now in Antarcic Waters...

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 36

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The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

Hope to get more precise maps of sinks and sources

The Carbon Tracker Project Map depicts model based interpolation of changes in

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 37

The Carbon Tracker Project. Map depicts model based interpolation of changes in Cabon flux, watch the date!

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The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

Hope to get high resolution maps of sinks and sources

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 38

The Carbon Tracker Project, Northern summer.

http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/carbontracker/fluxmaps.php?type=global#imagetable

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Seasonal pattern of CO2 concentrations:

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175 Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 39

Source: Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/)

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Finding the missing carbon

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

Why are we interested in these details?

 Natural Sinks and Sources can change over time, in particular,

in response to climate change. p g

 To predict these changes we need to find and understand the sinks,

sources, and mechanisms at work.

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 40

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SLIDE 12

Carbon Cycle & Feedback Effects

The Economics of Climate Change – C 175 Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 41

Source: IPCC (2007), WG1.

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The Economics of Climate Change – C 175

 The current terrestrial carbon sink represents a subsidy that has kept

the airborne fraction of total CO2 emissions between 40% and 50% for at least the past five decades at least the past five decades.

 Most projections of future climate have been based on the assumption

that the current terrestrial sink will not only continue but will grow in ti t t ti f CO proportion to concentrations of CO2.

 Recent findings and feedback effects challenge this assumption

For more: Houghton, R.A. (2007), Balancing the Global Carbon Budget, g , ( 7), g g , Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 35:313–47.

Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger 1 Climate Change 42