the besancon galaxy model a population
play

The Besancon Galaxy Model, a population synthesis tool for galactic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Besancon Galaxy Model, a population synthesis tool for galactic structure and evolution studies A.C. Robin, C. Reyl, B. Debray OSU THETA, Institut UTINAM Besanon, France Outlines Population synthesis approach Model ingredients


  1. The Besancon Galaxy Model, a population synthesis tool for galactic structure and evolution studies A.C. Robin, C. Reylé, B. Debray OSU THETA, Institut UTINAM Besançon, France

  2. Outlines Population synthesis approach Model ingredients Setting the model to photometric large scale surveys Study of the disc warp • Constraining thick disc and halo parameters by • comparison with SDSS+2MASS surveys Model web service Conclusions and perspectives 2

  3. Звездные подсчеты (Star counts) • Метод статистического исследования звездного населения: – подсчет звезд в различных диапазонах блеска в выделенных площадках, определение дифференциальной и интегральной функций блеска: • dN(m)=dA(m)/dm

  4. Первые попытки строить модель Галактики по звездным подсчетам: 1920-е Решение обратной задачи звездной статистики (интегральное уравнение звездной статистики Шварцшильда, связывающее звёздную плотность и функцию светимости ( φ( M(m,r,A v )) – абсолютная звездная величина) с наблюдаемой функцией блеска: Не слишком успешно: проблемы с неравномерным и неопределенным распределением поглощающей материи

  5. 1980-е и по наши дни Звездные подсчеты: много (и все больше) новых данных Изменение подхода: Сделать предположение о модели, рассчитать ожидаемые результаты в терминах наблюдательных параметров (количество звезд на единицу звездной величины на бин цвета), и итерировать модель, добиваясь согласия расчетов с наблюдениями в пределах оцениваемых ошибок.

  6. Galaxy Model (Besançon): from data to Galactic formation and evolution thin disc stars Sky survey data: Color-magnitude thick disc stars diagram of observed stars in a given direction Problem: how to halo extract informations? Data on distances are not available. Galaxies

  7. Inversion : deduce one or several parameters from observations (ex a velocity dispersion for a given set of stars, a luminosity function...) Require a priori knowledge , theoretical and empirical (or guesses) When a “reasonable scenario” points out : synthesis approach With surveys : complex multivariate analysis Allow comparisons of hypothesis/scenario with observations (even large data sets) of different types (multiwavelength, multiparameter...) Very powerful test method 7

  8. Модель звездного населения Галактики Должна правильно отвечать на вопросы:  Сколько звезд мы видим в этом направлении?  Пространственное распределение звезд  Какие они (блески, цвета)?  Распределение по массам  Распределение по возрастам  Ряд параметров можно определить, базируясь на знаниях о солнечной окрестности

  9. Population synthesis Start with a mass of gas Tranform into stars as functions of IMF and SFR Stars evolve on evolutionary tracks and populate the HR diagram After a time (10 Gyr for the thin disc) φ (Mv, Teff, log g, age)‏

  10. GALAXY MODEL: Ingredients (basic complex multiparameter hipotheses) Star formation rate history : How many stars are formed at a given time Initial Mass Function (IMF) : How many stars of a given mass Stellar models (evolutionary tracks)‏: How stars evolve with time Stellar atmosphere models : How the physical state of the star atmosphere are observed (getting magnitudes and colors) Stellar density distributions: How the star density changes across the sky Chemical evolution : How the chemical abundances of the stars change with their birth time Dynamical consistency: How to include dynamical constraints (based on gravity, conservation of energy, conservation of mass and of angular momentum) 10

  11. GALAXY MODEL: Ingredients Star formation rate history : How many stars are formed at a given time N(t) (one single burst, constant SFR) Initial Mass Function (IMF) : How many stars of a given mass are formed , N(m)dm~m -α . Chemical evolution : How the chemical abundances of the stars change with their birth time Stellar density distributions: How the star density changes across the sky 11

  12. GALAXY MODEL: Ingredients (basic complex multiparameter hipotheses) Stellar models (evolutionary tracks)‏: How stars evolve with time 12

  13. Simple dynamical principles Stellar population } Interstellar matter Mass model Potential Dark matter Boltzmann constraint (isothermal and relaxed thin disc population) Thin disc :  = Scale height f(age) =f(age)

  14. Population synthesis Star counts modelled as : Computation of the number of stars of a given type on a given line of sight, by summing the contributions, and modulating with star density.

  15. Production of star counts and distributions of observables Volume elements on a line of sight Sommations on whole Hess diagram for each population Computation of catalogues of simulated stars with observable parameters : atmosphere models and extinction => Apparent magnitudes, colors kinematics => proper motions, radial velocities Add Observational errors Interstellar extinction

  16. Observables φ(Mv, Teff, Age, Z) Star formation history, Evolutionary tracks Apparent magnitude, colours Atmosphere models Kinematics : Proper motions, Vrad -Velocity ellipsoid = f(age) - Asymmetric drift Equation of stellar statistics A(m)=∫φ(M)ρ(r)Ωr2dr Extinction distribution (3D) Star counts Simulated catalogues Observational errors 16

  17. Моделирование пространственного распределения звезд • Подсистемы Галактики: – Тонкий диск – Толстый диск – Балдж – Гало – Внешнее (темное) гало • Разные истории, разные характеристики, не взаимодействуют (взаимопроникновение) -> можно моделировать отдельно. + Распределение поглощающей материи (модель поглощения)

  18. Galaxy evolution ingredients 4 populations : thin disc, thick disc, spheroid, bulge Scenario : Thin disc : 10 Gyr, with cste SFR, 2 slope -IMF renormalised to the solar neighborhood (Hipparcos + CNS3) axisymmetric, kinematics and [Fe/H] function of age Thick disc : single burst, 11 Gyr, power law IMF density, IMF and kinematics constrainted by obs. Spheroid : single burst, 14 Gyr, power law IMF density, IMF and kinematics constrainted by obs. Bulge : single burst, 10 Gyr, power law IMF density constrained by NIR star counts

  19. Star counts as a function of latitudes for longitudes 90° and 270° (rotation and anti-rotation) Comparison with observed star counts

  20. Questions to be asked for model adjustment • Are the ingredients’‏ parameters sufficiently known, physics sufficiently understood ? • Are these parameters sufficiently constrained a posteriori ? • Is the solution unique ? Use of multi-wavelength data (visible, IR, UV, X ) Use of multiparameter data (photometry / spectroscopy / astrometry) Step by step approach (less parameters to start with, adding parameters when required, adding self-consistency loops when possible) 20

  21. Тестирование гипотез и получение ограничений на их параметры • The model ingredients are a priori selected according to the previous knowledge (common values in the literature for example). Then if it happens that there is a discrepancy between model predictions and data, we have to identify the parameter(s) that are bad and should be adjusted. • When the problem is found, we use data sets identified as suitable to constrain certain parameters (like star counts in a set of directions as a function of magnitude and colors for example). Then we run simulations for the same directions, but varying the adjusted parameters and test the likelihood of the model given these data. We end up with model constrained and better parameters for it.

  22. Параметры гипотез, на которых основана модель Галактики Все составляющие модели – комплексы многопараметрических гипотезы (пример: эволюционные модели: lg L, Teff, lg g (m, z, lg t)) Есть параметры, связанные с другими, и есть свободные параметры (авторы стремятся уменьшить их число, исходя из физических соображений). Ниже приводятся примеры процесса уточнения связанных и свободных параметров.

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend


More recommend