THE AUSTRIAN CASE STUDY E-Mobility in Austria and Results of the COMPETT project activities 11 June 2015 // Reinhard Jellinek
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 01 OVERVIEW ON E-MOBILITY IN AUSTRIA 02 COMPETT PROJECT ACTIVITIES – SELECTED RESULTS 2
AUSTRIA HAS BEEN A PIONEER IN E-MOBILITY – FROM 1899 TO TODAY Austro Daimler-Tudor e-parcel- BEL 2500 Bergmann e-truck Lohner-Porsche e-Phaeton, Post 1950 – 1983, Vienna carrier, k.&.k. Austrian Post, 1913 Vienna, 1899 e-mobility Post, vans and E-Mobility in Tourism, 1998 Pilot region VLOTTE: eThink, e-bikes, Vienna, since 2012 Werfenweng, Salzburg iMieV, Tesla R, Vorarlberg 2009 3
FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS IN AUSTRIA • Daily average km per private passenger vehicle in Austria: about 35 km • Vehicles used by the City of Vienna have an average annual mileage of 7,000 km (Austria: approx. 15,000 km) • 50% of trips are less than 5km • Automotive sector is important: • More than 175,000 employees, • Turnover around 30 Billion € /a • Extensive expertise in the drive train (BMW, Opel, AVL, Magna) • Target defined in the energy strategy: 250,000 EVs (BEV and PHEV) by 2020 (=5% of vehicle stock) 4
HIGH SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AUSTRIA Source: E-Control Consumption of public grid Share of green electricity 5
GHG-Emissions in g/veh.km ECO-BALANCE OF CARS IN AUSTRIA Petrol CNG H2-BZWV (Grid Austria (3) Diesel E85 H2-BZWV (4) Grid PHEV (Austria) PHEV (Green electr). BEV (Grid Austria) BEV (Green electr.) manufacturing) Upstream (vehicle (power supply) Upstream Direct Emissions 6
FAR LESS MARKET DEVELOPMENT COMPARED TO NORWAY AND THE NETHERLANDS 7 Source: Aichmaier, Ludwig: Proceedings REAL CORP 2015
STARTING POINTS FOR THE LAUNCH OF ELECTRIC MOBILITY ON THE AUSTRIAN MARKET • Support programmes • Positive tax framework • Since 2008: pilot regions and lighthouse projects, demonstrating technological solutions and regional pilots • Contrary to Norway, no VAT exemption and almost no non- monetary incentives such as the use of bus lanes, free parking, etc. • National subsidies only for companies, cities, etc. (not for private persons) 8
INCENTIVES FOR E-MOBILITY • Financial incentives and purchase tax credits are offered for new cars with alternative propulsion systems: – EVs are exempted from the purchase tax and the annual motor vehicle tax, resulting in about 4,000 EUR savings over five years – Financial incentives and purchase tax credits for companies and communities are offered within the national climate protection programme “ klima:aktiv ” – Financial incentives for private users are given from four of the nine Austrian federal states: 750 EUR up to 4,000 EUR per e- vehicle. • Insurance companies offer discounts from 10 to 20 % for e-vehicles • Only a few cities offer free parking for e-vehicles (not Vienna) 9
SUBSIDIES OFFERED BY „KLIMAAKTIV MOBIL“ Subsidies With green electricity E-Bicycle € 200 € 400 E-Scooter € 250 € 500 Hybrid € 400 € 800 (with biofuels) REEV, PHEV € 500-1.500 € 1.000-3.000 BEV € 2.000 € 4.000 E-bus/trolleys Up to € 30.000 Up to € 60.000 10
RESULTS OF KLIMAAKTIV MOBIL E-MOBILITY PROJECTS • Around 10,000 electric vehicles (primarily e-bikes/e-scooters and light-weight community e-vehicles) were funded within the programme • Additionally over 1,000 electric charging points 11
MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF E-CARS IN AUSTRIA Stock 2014: 3,386 BEV 1,760 PHE / REEV Share of E-vehicles in total stock (4.7 million cars): 0.07 % 12
PROJECTION UNTIL 2030 (SCENARIO WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES) Projected e-vehicle stock BEV From 2018 PHEV functioning Total (incl. REEV) mass market for Stock of vehicles e-cars. Share of e-cars in new registrations increasing from 18% in 2020 up to 80% in 2030. Source: Austrian Environment Agency 13
CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE • 1,900 charging stations (not charging points/plugs) • Lack of rapid charging stations • Demand for rapid charging stations e-tankstellen-finder.com until 2020: 60-90 CEE 3 polig 313 CEE 5 polig 289 CEE 7 polig 13 Typ2 Plug 161 Home Plug 1,070 Yazaki Typ1 4 XLR Stecker 48 CHAdeMO 9 Total 1,907 14
PILOT REGIONS FOR E-MOBILITY • Initiated by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund • Focusing on electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources and the integration of “vehicle use schemes”: – Users within the pilot regions pay a monthly “mobility rate” which includes not only the electric vehicle, but also the use of public transport. • To date, seven pilot regions have been established reaching about 3.5 million people or 40 percent of the population of Austria • Around 50% of EVs in Austria are on the move in the pilot regions 15
AUSTRIAN PILOT REGIONS FOR E-MOBILTITY 16
LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PILOT REGIONS • 120-150 km range of e-vehicles is sufficient for daily journeys • 80 to 90 % of slow charging at home/office with ordinary power plugs (2.3 kW power). Re-charging of batteries is only needed every third day • Public charging stations are psychologically important, but little used, except for fast, high power (55kW) charging stations • Despite available subsidies and tax reductions, the total costs of ownwership of e-cars are, for most car models, still considerably higher in Austria compared to conventional cars: 3,000 – 13,000 EUR over a period of 8 years. • Thus financial support is crucial for a further market development at present • Supply with new renewable energy is not a problem 17
LAST BUT NOT LEAST: ECODRIVING 1 st EcoDriving Competition with e-Cars in Austria, May 2014 • • Vehicle: VW e-up • 50 participants • Winner: 6.8 kWh/100km = less than 1 liter diesel! 18
PART II: SELECTED ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE COMPETT PROJECT • Objective: Find out about barriers and success factors for e-mobility – Nation-wide survey: • Socio-demographic aspects • Mobility behaviour • Attitudes, motiviation and barriers in respect to e-mobility – Corresponding as close as possible with the Norwegian questionnaire – Sample: 400 persons; 34 with a battery electric car – Not representative for the Austrian population in terms of age, sex, education level, households income, location of residence! 19
REGIONAL STUDY IN KLAGENFURT AM WÖRTHERSEE • One of the eight Austrian Pilot Regions for e-mobility • Population: 100,000; Capital of the federal state of Carinthia • High motorisation level (572 cars/1000 inhabitants in 2007) • 80% of commuters are using their own car • Share of public transport in modal split is only 5.7% (cars as driver has 60%) • In January 2014, an „Action plan for mobility“ with more than 90 measures was introduced 20
ACTIVITIES IN KLAGENFURT • General telephone survey amon residents (105 participants) • Interviews with users of e-vehicles • Including specific questions on existing initiatives: – e-cars test vehicles – e-car sharing – e-taxis – e-vehicles used by businesses, including goods transport 21
SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN SURVEYS (1/4) • Main motivation of users to buy an e-car 1. perception that it is more environmental friendly 2. driving an e-car is good fun 3. low operating costs For companies also marketing purposes • Main Worries 1. high purchase price 2. poor public charging infrastructure 3. limited range for special trips (going on holidays, driving to Vienna) 22
SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN SURVEYS (2/4) • For potential users, the most important motivation to buy an e-car would be 1. a lower purchase price 2. a range equal to petrol/diesel 3. a well developed network of public charging stations • Non-monetary incentives (use of bus lanes, free parking) are far less important 23
SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN SURVEYS (3/4) • 10% have concrete plans to buy an e-car in the near future: – 50% to replace their only car – 38% to replace one car in a multi car household – 13% want to buy it as an additional car • Around 2/3 are considering to buy an e-car as a viable option but do not have concrete plans yet 24
SELECTED RESULTS OF AUSTRIAN SURVEYS (4/4) • Changes in mobility behavior of e-car users: – About 40% of the respondents stated that their mobility has not changed at all – 2/3 stated that they now drive less with conventionally fuelled cars or motorcycles – Only a minority reported that they walk and cycle or use public transport less – Some respondents reported that they drive less while others reported that they drive more since having access to the battery electric car • Users are very happy with their purchase, they feel it’s better than expected, would buy again and recommend to others 25
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