The 2018 Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Population Study: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1 The 2018 Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Population Study: Twelve Major Findings Ira M. Sheskin, Ph.D. Director of the Jewish Demography Project of the Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies and Professor
1 Ira M. Sheskin, Ph.D. Director of the Jewish Demography Project of the Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies and Professor Department of Geography University of Miami
2
Topics Covered in the Study
Survey Methodology Jewish Population Size Geographic Profile Demographic Profile Religious Profile Types of Marriage Membership Profile Jewish Education: Adults Jewish Education: Children Jewish Agencies Social Service Needs Israel Anti‐Semitism The Media Philanthropic Profile Political Profile 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 2
3
Resources Available to the Community Main Report (1,200+ pages) Summary Report (180 pages) Slides (1,000+) Posted at www.jewishdetroit.org and www.jewishdatabank.org 1. 2. 3. 4.
3
4
Finding 1: Planning should assume that the Jewish population will remain relatively constant in the next years.
4
5
The Jewish Community of Detroit
Jews 70,800 Non‐Jews 13,000
83,800 persons live in 31,500 Jewish households,
Plus 950 Jews in Institutions:
71,750 Jews 85% 15%
6
Number of 1989 Estimate 2005 Estimate 2018 Estimate Increase 2005‐2018 Households 42,500 30,000 31,500 1,500 Persons in Jewish Households 105,000 78,000 83,800 5,800 Jews 96,000 71,500 70,800 ‐700 % of Persons in Jewish Households Who Are Jewish 91% 92% 84%
Changes in the Size of the Jewish Community
7
Locally Born
(Adults in Jewish Households)
62% 57% 57% 57% 56% 55% 54% 52% 49% 46% 45% 43% 43% 40% 39% 34% 33% 30% 29% 25% 24% 21% 20% 18% 18% 18% 16% 16% 15% 14% 12% 11% 11% 9% 8% 7% 7% 6% 2% 1% 1% 0% Detroit 2018 Cleveland Detroit 2005 Chicago Philadelphia
New York Baltimore Pittsburgh Minneapolis Cincinnati Rhode Island Omaha Hartford
Tidewater New Haven Indianapolis Columbus Houston Lehigh Valley San Antonio Denver Portland (ME) Jacksonville Miami Middlesex Atlanta Washington Bergen Westport Atlantic County San Diego Broward Tucson
Howard County Phoenix West Palm Beach Las Vegas Sarasota South Palm Beach 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
8
Long‐Term Households (20 or More Years)
(Respondents)
88% 87% 87% 85% 83% 80% 78% 78% 76% 73% 71% 71% 69% 69% 69% 68% 67% 67% 65% 63% 63% 62% 60% 60% 59% 59% 56% 56% 56% 54% 53% 50% 50% 48% 47% 45% 45% 45% 44% 41% 37% 35% 26% 23% 23% 21% Detroit 2005 Detroit 2018 Detroit 1989 Cleveland Baltimore Philadelphia
New York Chicago Pittsburgh Houston Columbus Omaha Rhode Island Hartford Minneapolis New Haven Cincinnati Miami Broward Lehigh Valley San Antonio San Francisco
East Bay Tidewater
Denver Bergen Washington Jacksonville Indianapolis Atlantic County Howard County Middlesex Portland (ME) Atlanta San Diego Westport Tucson Seattle Phoenix Sarasota South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
93% of the people we interviewed lived in Detroit when we did the last study in 2005
9 Feel Very Much/Somewhat Part of the Local Jewish Community
(Jewish Respondents) 79% 70% 67% 65% 63% 61% 60% 60% 59% 56% 55% 55% 55% 54% 53% 53% 51% 51% 50% 50% 49% 49% 49% 46% 44% 43% 43% 43% 41% 37% 36% 36% 31% 31% Detroit 2005 Baltimore * Cleveland * Pittsburgh * New York * South Palm Beach Detroit 2018 Bergen Miami San Antonio Rhode Island Indianapolis West Palm Beach Lehigh Valley Hartford Tidewater Houston Washington Jacksonville Middlesex Omaha Broward New Haven Sarasota Atlanta * Tucson Atlantic County Howard County * Westport San Diego * Phoenix * Portland (ME)
Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very Much Somewhat * Responses are “a lot” and “some”
10
Migration of Jewish Households
10
Average Annual In‐Migration **220 households moved in each year during the past five years Projected Average Annual Out‐Migration ** 100 households definitely moving out of Detroit each year during the next three years **535 households probably moving out of Detroit each year during the next three years Projected Change **the Jewish population should not change significantly in the next few years as a result of migration
11
Finding 2: While there remains a significant concentration of Jews in the Core Area, a geographic shift is occurring in the Jewish population.
11
13
30,000 22,000 8,000 7,650 2,750 5,250 2,800 3,200 31,500 22,600 8,900 6,800 4,450 2,800 2,050 4,100 All Core Area Non‐Core Area West Bloomfield Bloom‐Birm‐Franklin Farmington Southfield Oak Park‐Hunt Woods
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2005 2018
Jewish Households 2005‐2018
(Respondents)
Increases in red Decrease in blue 73% of households 72% of households
14
3,870 1,900 50 3,500 800 50 Wayne County City of Detroit Downtown Detroit 48201 and 48226 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 2005 2018
Jewish Households 2005‐2018
(Respondents)
27% of full time employees work in Wayne County
15
Households in Top Three Zip Code Areas
(Jewish Households)
66% 66% 57% 57% 55% 54% 52% 51% 50% 46% 42% 41% 41% 39% 39% 37% 37% 36% 36% 35% 35% 34% 33% 33% 33% 33% 32% 30% 29% 28% 25% 24% 21% 20% 19% 18% 18% 17% 16% 15% 14% 14% 13% 12% 10% 9% Westport Middlesex Howard County West Palm Beach Atlantic County South Palm Beach
Baltimore Lehigh Valley Indianapolis Miami Cleveland Detroit 1989 Rhode Island Pittsburgh Jacksonville Hartford San Antonio Detroit 2005 Sarasota Minneapolis Bergen Tucson Cincinnati Portland (ME) Tidewater Omaha Columbus
Detroit 2018 New Haven Houston Broward
Las Vegas Seattle Phoenix Atlanta San Diego Chicago San Francisco East Bay Washington Philadelphia Denver New York 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Jewish community generally has one major cluster
Jewish community generally has no major clusters
48322 (West Bloomfield) 48237 (Oak Park) 48323 (West Bloomfield) 48322 (West Bloomfield) 48331 (Farmington) 48237 (Oak Park) 48237 (Oak Park) 48076 (Southfield) 48334 (Farmington)
16
Finding 3: A significant change has occurred in the age distribution since 2005 in part due to young Jews getting married later.
16
17
Males Females
Age Distribution‐Detroit Jewish Community
1.1% 1.1% 1.4% 2.0% 2.7% 3.1% 3.5% 3.5% 3.1% 3.2% 3.1% 3.4% 3.4% 3.5% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 0.7% 0.8% 1.2% 1.7% 2.4% 2.9% 3.4% 3.5% 3.2% 3.2% 3.1% 3.5% 3.5% 3.7% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.1% 85+ 80‐84 75‐79 70‐74 65‐69 60‐64 55‐59 50‐54 45‐49 40‐44 35‐39 30‐34 25‐29 20‐24 15‐19 10‐14 5‐9 0‐4 Age Group 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0%
Median Age is 38 Years 14% are Age 65 and Over 6% are Age 75 and Over Age Distribution‐All Americans ‐ 2016
Males Females
1.1% 1.0% 2.2% 2.2% 3.5% 4.1% 4.4% 2.9% 2.6% 2.1% 2.1% 1.8% 3.0% 4.1% 5.7% 2.8% 2.6% 1.9% 1.8% 1.3% 1.7% 2.8% 3.6% 4.0% 4.2% 3.6% 3.8% 2.2% 1.7% 2.2% 2.5% 4.0% 3.8% 2.6% 1.6% 2.4% 85+ 80‐84 75‐79 70‐74 65‐69 60‐64 55‐59 50‐54 45‐49 40‐44 35‐39 30‐34 25‐29 20‐24 15‐19 10‐14 5‐9 0‐4 Age Group 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0%
Median Age is 46 Years 21% are Age 65 and Over 9% are Age 75 and Over
18 Age 18‐34
29% 25% 24% 23% 23% 23% 22% 22% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 19% 19% 18% 18% 18% 17% 17% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 15% 14% 14% 14% 13% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 11% 11% 11% 9% 6% 6% 5% 24% Seattle Columbus San Francisco Detroit 2018
San Diego Indianapolis Washington Omaha Baltimore Chicago Philadelphia Boston Pittsburgh New York Rhode Island Houston Miami Denver Broward Cincinnati Jacksonville Tidewater Howard County Phoenix Tucson Detroit 1989 Cleveland Atlanta Las Vegas Lehigh Valley
Bergen Minneapolis New Haven Middlesex Detroit 2005 Hartford Westport
Portland (ME) San Antonio Atlantic County West Palm Beach Sarasota South Palm Beach ACS (US) 2016 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
(Persons in Jewish Households)
42% 36% 36% 35% 34% 33% 32% 31% 30% 29% 29% 28% 28% 27% 27% 27% 26% 26% 26% 26% 25% 25% 24% 24% 24% 24% 23% 22% 22% 22% 21% 21% 21% 20% 20% 20% 20% 19% 18% 17% 17% 13% 9% 9% 8% 8% 19% Westport Portland (ME)
Indianapolis Atlanta Bergen Minneapolis East Bay Detroit 1989 Howard County Tidewater Denver Hartford Baltimore Detroit 2005 Washington Chicago Cincinnati Pittsburgh Seattle Jacksonville Rhode Island
New Haven San Antonio San Diego Detroit 2018 Cleveland Lehigh Valley San Francisco Miami Columbus Phoenix Omaha Houston New York Philadelphia Middlesex Atlantic County Broward Tucson Las Vegas West Palm Beach Sarasota
South Palm Beach ACS (US) 2016 0% 20% 40% 60%
Married Households with Children Age 0‐17 at Home (Jewish Households)
19
Currently Married, 1989‐2018
(Adults in Jewish Households) 61% 77% 78% 24% 86% 83% 17% 78% 78% Under 35 35‐49 50‐64 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1989 2005 2018
20
Changes in Age Over Time
(Persons in Jewish Households) 19,300 9,400 13,500 17,300 7,600 10,900 15,200 19,100 12,200 19,400 10,100 7,600 0‐17 18‐34 35‐49 50‐64 65‐74 75+
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
2005 2018 103% increase since 2005 10% decrease since 2005 21% decrease since 2005 30% decrease since 2005 12% increase since 2005 33% increase since 2005
21
Changes in Age of Children and College‐Age Over Time
(Persons in Jewish Households) 4,400 7,900 7,000 6,100 4,500 5,000 5,600 11,100 0‐5 6‐12 13‐17 18‐24
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
2005 2018 37% decrease since 2005 20% decrease since 2005 82% increase since 2005
22
Finding 4: Many fewer persons age 75 and over live alone than in 2005. The number of persons age 75 and over is down by 30%. A high percentage have a local adult child. Data available from public sources suggest that baby boomers will be healthier than previous generations. This probably means a reduced need for social services for the population age 75 and over when the baby boomers start to enter this age group in 2020.
22
23
48% 48% 47% 45% 45% 40% 39% 39% 38% 37% 37% 36% 36% 36% 35% 35% 35% 34% 34% 33% 32% 32% 32% 31% 31% 31% 31% 31% 29% 29% 29% 28% 27% 27% 27% 26% 26% 26% 25% 24% 22% 20% 14% Detroit 2005
Tidewater Columbus Washington Cleveland Broward San Francisco Westport Baltimore Minneapolis Omaha New York Cincinnati Miami Tucson Detroit 1989 Detroit 2018 Rhode Island Hartford Lehigh Valley Las Vegas Pittsburgh
New Haven Portland (ME) South Palm Beach Atlantic County Chicago Middlesex Bergen Atlanta
San Antonio San Diego Indianapolis Houston Sarasota Denver Jacksonville West Palm Beach Howard County Phoenix 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Persons Age 75 and Over Who Live Alone
(Persons Age 75 and Over in Jewish Households)
24
Median Household Income of Households Age 65 and Over
(Jewish Households with Persons Age 65 and Over) (Adjusted for inflation to 2017 dollars)
$108 $108 $94 $91 $89 $86 $85 $82 $79 $79 $79 $77 $75 $75 $73 $72 $71 $71 $69 $68 $64 $62 $61 $61 $61 $60 $60 $60 $60 $59 $59 $57 $57 $56 $55 $55 $55 $53 $53 $53 $49 $48 $48 $45 $44 $40 Houston Westport East Bay Howard County Sarasota Cincinnati Indianapolis Washington Detroit 2018 West Palm Beach San Francisco Bergen New Haven San Antonio Portland (ME) Detroit 1989 Lehigh Valley Atlantic County Miami Chicago
Omaha South Palm Beach Rhode Island Tucson
Middlesex Pittsburgh Seattle San Diego Hartford Jacksonville Phoenix Baltimore Cleveland Denver Atlanta Broward New York Detroit 2005 Las Vegas Minneapolis Tidewater Columbus Boston
$0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300
(in thousands)
25
Very Much Prefer Jewish‐Sponsored Adult Care Facilities
(Jewish Respondents Age 40 and Over) 64% 62% 62% 61% 60% 59% 59% 58% 56% 55% 49% 47% 46% 46% 44% 44% 43% 43% 42% 41% 40% 40% 39% 38% 34% 31% Jacksonville Detroit 2005 South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Bergen Atlantic County Minneapolis Middlesex
Tidewater Sarasota Westport Washington San Antonio Hartford Rhode Island Lehigh Valley Tucson Detroit 2018 Houston Las Vegas Omaha New Haven
Portland (ME) Indianapolis 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
26
Finding 5: This is a less married, more divorced, highly educated, moderate income community.
26
27
Single, Never Married
(Adults in Jewish Households)
27% 26% 26% 23% 23% 22% 22% 22% 21% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 19% 19% 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 18% 17% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 14% 13% 13% 12% 12% 11% 10% 10% 10% 7% 7% 7% 33% Washington Detroit 2018 Seattle Indianapolis New York
Columbus Chicago Omaha Broward Houston Phoenix Rhode Island Tucson Baltimore Atlanta Las Vegas Miami Minneapolis San Diego Jacksonville Pittsburgh Detroit 2005
Tidewater
Cleveland New Haven Lehigh Valley San Antonio Bergen Hartford Middlesex Cincinnati Westport Denver Portland (ME) Atlantic County Howard County Philadelphia Detroit 1989 South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Sarasota ACS (US) 2016 (Age 15+) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
28
Divorce Rate
(Adults in Jewish Households)
276 234 227 210 200 200 186 176 164 156 145 140 134 128 123 122 122 118 113 106 105 103 102 97 94 88 87 84 80 80 80 77 77 76 76 75 71 67 61 60 57 42 229 Columbus Denver
Seattle Cleveland San Diego Broward New York Las Vegas
Tucson Detroit 2018 Miami Detroit 1989 Pittsburgh Cincinnati Tidewater Baltimore Atlanta San Antonio Houston Minneapolis Lehigh Valley Rhode Island Howard County Washington South Palm Beach Detroit 2005
Jacksonville Westport Omaha New Haven Indianapolis Sarasota Bergen Atlantic County Hartford West Palm Beach Chicago Middlesex Portland (ME) ACS (US) 2016 (Age 15+) 50 100 150 200 250
(Divorced Adults per 1,000 Married Adults)
29
4‐Year College Degree or Higher
(Adults Age 25 and Over in Jewish Households)
86% 85% 83% 82% 81% 79% 78% 77% 76% 76% 76% 75% 75% 74% 73% 72% 71% 71% 71% 70% 70% 70% 69% 69% 68% 68% 68% 67% 66% 66% 63% 63% 63% 61% 61% 60% 59% 59% 58% 57% 55% 54% 49% 49% 34% Westport Washington Indianapolis Howard County Portland (ME) Houston New Haven East Bay Detroit 2018 Bergen Atlanta Cincinnati San Antonio Denver Chicago San Diego Philadelphia Lehigh Valley Miami Pittsburgh Columbus Minneapolis Hartford
Omaha Tucson Rhode Island Phoenix Cleveland Middlesex
Baltimore Detroit 2005 Broward Jacksonville
Atlantic County Tidewater Sarasota New York West Palm Beach Detroit 1989 Las Vegas South Palm Beach CPS (US) 2017 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
30
Median Household Income
(Adjusted for inflation to 2017 dollars) (Jewish Households)
$193 $147 $136 $132 $131 $128 $126 $119 $116 $113 $110 $110 $110 $108 $108 $107 $106 $106 $106 $105 $105 $102 $101 $100 $99 $98 $96 $96 $94 $94 $93 $92 $92 $91 $90 $87 $87 $86 $85 $79 $78 $77 $76 $76 $76 $73 $57 $55 Westport Bergen Howard County Indianapolis Washington East Bay Houston New Haven Hartford Detroit 1989 San Antonio Detroit 2005 Atlantic County Boston San Francisco Detroit 2018 Middlesex Portland (ME) Jacksonville Lehigh Valley Atlanta Minneapolis Cincinnati Phoenix
Pittsburgh Miami Tidewater Philadelphia Sarasota Rhode Island Chicago Seattle West Palm Beach Denver
Baltimore San Diego Broward Las Vegas Tucson Omaha
Cleveland South Palm Beach New York Columbus ACS (US) $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300
31
Finding 6: Intermarriage has almost doubled since 2005. Synagogue membership and donations to Jewish charities for intermarried households are low. The community should increase efforts to involve intermarried couples in the community.
31
32
Intermarriage
61% 61% 58% 56% 55% 55% 55% 53% 52% 50% 48% 48% 46% 46% 44% 44% 43% 41% 40% 39% 39% 38% 37% 36% 36% 34% 34% 34% 33% 33% 33% 30% 29% 28% 26% 23% 23% 22% 20% 20% 17% 16% 16% 16% 15% 14% 9% East Bay Portland (ME) Omaha
Indianapolis Seattle San Francisco Denver Columbus Atlanta Las Vegas
Tucson Boston San Diego Jacksonville Tidewater Washington Phoenix Houston
Cleveland San Antonio Pittsburgh Lehigh Valley Cincinnati Rhode Island New Haven Chicago Minneapolis Westport Detroit 2018 Howard County Philadelphia Atlantic County Broward Hartford New York Baltimore Sarasota Bergen Miami Detroit 2005 West Palm Beach Detroit 1989 Middlesex South Palm Beach 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
(Couples Intermarriage Rate)
Pew 61%
33
Synagogue Membership
Intermarried Households
38% 37% 28% 27% 27% 27% 26% 26% 26% 25% 24% 22% 22% 21% 20% 20% 19% 19% 19% 19% 19% 18% 17% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 15% 15% 14% 14% 13% 13% 13% 13% 12% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 7% 6% 2% Cincinnati Tidewater Sarasota Pittsburgh Jacksonville Boston
Lehigh Valley Hartford San Antonio Howard County Westport Miami Minneapolis Rhode Island Portland (ME)
Washington Philadelphia Detroit 1989 Detroit 2018 Broward Detroit 2005 Bergen New Haven Indianapolis Chicago Middlesex New York Houston Atlantic County Tucson Columbus Baltimore Cleveland Denver San Francisco South Palm Beach Omaha San Diego East Bay Phoenix West Palm Beach
Atlanta Las Vegas Seattle 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Overall synagogue membership is 39%
34
Finding 7: The Detroit Jewish community has a higher percentage of Orthodox Jews than most American Jewish communities.
34
35
Jewish Identification
Orthodox 9% Conservative 20% Reconstructionist 2% Reform 35% Just Jewish 31% Humanist 4%
(Jewish Households) Orthodox Household size is 4.06 Non‐Orthodox Household size is 2.54
36
Jewish Identification
Orthodox 15% Conservative 20% Reconstructionist 1% Reform 35% Just Jewish 25% Humanist 4%
(Jewish Persons)
37
Jewish Identification
Orthodox 37% Conservative 16% Reconstructionist 1% Reform 30% Just Jewish 13% Humanist 2%
(12,000 Jewish Children)
38
Orthodox Identification
(Jewish Respondents)
21% 20% 12% 11% 11% 10% 10% 9% 7% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% Baltimore New York Bergen Miami Detroit 2005 Cleveland Atlanta Detroit 2018 Chicago Middlesex Pittsburgh Detroit 1989
Philadelphia Rhode Island Columbus Cincinnati Seattle Indianapolis Broward Houston New Haven Lehigh Valley San Antonio Boston South Palm Beach Hartford
Omaha East Bay Las Vegas San Francisco San Diego Phoenix Tidewater Denver Portland (ME) West Palm Beach Minneapolis
Washington Jacksonville Tucson Sarasota Westport Howard County Atlantic County 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
15,400 10,600
39
Finding 8: Membership in the community has declined significantly.
39
40
Synagogue Membership
(Jewish Households)
60% 58% 56% 54% 53% 53% 52% 52% 51% 50% 50% 49% 48% 46% 46% 46% 45% 44% 44% 44% 44% 43% 43% 42% 39% 38% 38% 37% 36% 36% 35% 34% 34% 33% 33% 33% 32% 32% 30% 29% 29% 29% 22% 21% 21% 15% 14% Cincinnati Tidewater
Minneapolis Pittsburgh Hartford San Antonio Detroit 1989 Lehigh Valley Detroit 2005 Bergen Jacksonville Howard County
Baltimore Westport Sarasota Houston New York Middlesex Atlantic County New Haven Rhode Island Cleveland Detroit 2018 Columbus Boston Washington Miami Chicago Philadelphia Omaha Broward Portland (ME) Atlanta South Palm Beach Denver Tucson West Palm Beach Indianapolis San Diego Phoenix San Francisco East Bay Seattle
Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Pew 31%
41
Synagogue Membership
Households with Children
74% 71% 65% 64% 64% 64% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 58% 58% 57% 57% 57% 56% 55% 54% 54% 53% 53% 52% 51% 49% 49% 49% 48% 46% 45% 44% 44% 41% 41% 40% 39% 38% 37% 37% 34% 33% 31% 28% 28% 16% Cincinnati Detroit 2005 Bergen New York Tidewater Hartford Cleveland San Antonio Pittsburgh Sarasota Westport Baltimore Jacksonville Howard County Phoenix Detroit 1989 Washington Lehigh Valley Atlantic County
Middlesex Minneapolis Detroit 2018 Miami Houston
New Haven Chicago South Palm Beach Broward Atlanta Rhode Island Philadelphia Tucson Omaha Portland (ME) San Diego Columbus Denver Indianapolis San Francisco West Palm Beach
East Bay Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
42
71% 66% 64% 62% 60% 33%
Detroit Houston Omaha Indianapolis Broward
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Participated in or Attended any Programs or Religious Services at,
(Jewish Households)
43
Local JCC Membership
36% 29% 29% 28% 26% 26% 23% 22% 21% 21% 19% 19% 19% 18% 18% 17% 17% 16% 15% 15% 14% 14% 14% 13% 12% 12% 11% 11% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 5% 5% 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1%
Omaha San Antonio Indianapolis
Jacksonville Pittsburgh Hartford Bergen ‐ Palisades Detroit 1989 Houston Baltimore Tidewater Cleveland Lehigh Valley Minneapolis Tucson Miami ‐ Miami Beach Boston Detroit 2005 Columbus New Haven Atlantic County San Francisco Broward ‐ Posnack Sarasota Miami ‐ Russell Washington ‐ Greater Washington Atlanta Washington ‐ DCJCC Rhode Island Bergen ‐ YJCC Miami ‐ Alper Detroit 2018 Chicago West Palm Beach ‐ Kaplan West Palm Beach ‐ Boynton Washington ‐ NOVA Seattle South Palm Beach Howard County Las Vegas * Broward ‐ Soref Middlesex Westport 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
* JCC is not a full service facility.
(Jewish Households)
44
Jewish Organization Membership
Other Than a Synagogue or JCC
(Jewish Households) 47% 47% 43% 40% 38% 36% 36% 36% 34% 34% 33% 32% 32% 30% 30% 29% 29% 29% 25% 25% 25% 24% 24% 24% 24% 23% 23% 22% 21% 21% 21% 20% 20% 20% 19% 19% 16% 16% 15% 12% 11% Sarasota Detroit 1989 West Palm Beach South Palm Beach Middlesex Detroit 2005 Bergen Tidewater Lehigh Valley
Minneapolis Jacksonville Hartford Baltimore Rhode Island San Antonio Atlantic County Pittsburgh New Haven Tucson Westport Houston Miami New York Atlanta
Chicago Columbus Portland (ME) San Francisco Seattle Omaha Broward Washington Detroit 2018 Cleveland Indianapolis Denver
Las Vegas Howard County 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
45
Finding 9: Federation is well known in the Jewish community and has an excellent reputation.
45
46
Very Familiar with the Local Jewish Federation
46% 39% 37% 35% 32% 30% 30% 29% 26% 26% 23% 21% 21% 21% 20% 20% 20% 19% 18% 16% 15% 15% 15% 14% 13% 12% 12% 11% 7% Omaha Detroit 2018 Detroit 2005 Tidewater San Antonio Indianapolis Lehigh Valley Minneapolis Rhode Island Hartford Jacksonville New Haven Miami
Broward Sarasota Howard County Portland (ME) Bergen New York Washington Middlesex Tucson Atlantic County South Palm Beach
Westport West Palm Beach Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (Respondents)
47
Excellent Perceptions of the Local Jewish Federation
(Respondents Who Are Very/Somewhat Familiar) 49% 38% 35% 35% 34% 34% 33% 32% 32% 32% 31% 30% 29% 29% 29% 28% 28% 26% 26% 25% 24% 23% 22% 22% 22% 20% 11% Omaha Detroit 2018 Sarasota Detroit 2005 Broward Tucson San Antonio Jacksonville South Palm Beach Tidewater Indianapolis Miami
Minneapolis
Hartford West Palm Beach Lehigh Valley New Haven Rhode Island Portland (ME) Middlesex Atlantic County Bergen Westport Washington Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
48
Finding 10: The community has significant connections to Israel.
48
49
Households in Which a Member Visited Israel
(Jewish Households) 71% 63% 62% 61% 61% 59% 58% 56% 55% 54% 52% 51% 51% 50% 49% 45% 45% 44% 43% 43% 42% 42% 41% 40% 37% 35% 34% 33% Miami Detroit 2018 Bergen Broward South Palm Beach Houston Detroit 2005 Sarasota West Palm Beach Middlesex Minneapolis Indianapolis Washington New Haven
Omaha Lehigh Valley Westport Tucson Hartford San Antonio Atlantic County Rhode Island Tidewater Jacksonville Portland (ME)
Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Jewish Trip General Trip
50
Households in Which a Jewish Child Visited Israel
46% 38% 35% 33% 30% 26% 25% 25% 24% 24% 22% 22% 21% 19% 19% 18% 18% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 15% 14% 14% 14% 12% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 7% 6% 5% Miami Bergen New York Detroit 2018 Cleveland Baltimore Omaha Detroit 2005 Indianapolis New Haven Broward Middlesex Rhode Island
San Antonio Chicago Cincinnati
Minneapolis S Palm Beach Washington
Tucson Tidewater Hartford Las Vegas Houston Jacksonville Lehigh Valley Portland (ME) Sarasota Pittsburgh Westport Atlantic County Howard County Phoenix Detroit 1989 Columbus W Palm Beach 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Jewish Trip General Trip
(Households with Jewish Children Age 6‐17)
Communities with white bars did not ask type of trip
51
Finding 11: The Federation Annual Campaign shows both signs of strength and weakness.
51
52
Jewish Federation Annual Campaign
(Adjusted for Inflation to 2017 Dollars)
$43.0$42.5$42.4 $43.9$43.6$43.4$43.8 $51.6 $45.6 $44.0$43.6 $39.9$38.7$39.5 $35.6 $32.7$32.0$31.5 $31.5 $31.7 $32.3$32.6 $34.3 95 96 97 98 99
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 $0.0 $5.0 $10.0 $15.0 $20.0 $25.0 $30.0 $35.0 $40.0 $45.0 $50.0 $55.0 (In millions)
53
Number of Donors to Jewish Federation Annual Campaign
16,609 16,000 15,55115,393 15,056 14,958 14,641 13,508 12,727 11,435 10,47410,357 9,808 9,681 9,347 9,600 10,180 11,30011,601 12,115 12,450 11,840 11,362
95 96 97 98 99
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
54
$1,454 $1,090 $869 $792 $666 $652 $624 $617 $579 $561 $524 $486 $443 $423 $406 $405 $383 $348 $336 $319 $291 $280 $259 $258 $235 $230 $222 $217 $205 $189 $177 $152 $142 $133 $118 $115 $99 $95 $78 $66 $65 $65 $56 $53 $45 Detroit 2005 Detroit 2018 Tidewater Cleveland Minneapolis Pittsburgh Omaha Baltimore Lehigh Valley Chicago Boston
Indianapolis Cincinnati Columbus Miami Jacksonville San Antonio Rhode Island Houston Hartford
Tucson Sarasota Atlanta New Haven West Palm Beach New York South Palm Beach Seattle Washington Westport Philadelphia San Francisco Denver San Diego Portland (ME) Middlesex Phoenix
Howard County Heart of NJ Broward Atlantic County Las Vegas $0 $500 $1,000 $1,500
Average Donation to Local Jewish Federation Per Jewish Household
Based generally upon the dollars raised in 2015 and the number of Jewish households in the year of the study
55
Importance of Motivations to Donate to a Jewish Organization
% Very Important
62% 62% 45% 45% 39% 31% 30% 28% 26% 22% Helping Jews Locally Who Are in Financial Need Providing Services for the Jewish Elderly Providing Jewish Education for Children Supporting the People of Israel Social, Recreational, Cultural Activities for Jews Helping Jewish Children Go to Israel Helping Jewish Communities Elsewhere in the World Helping Jewish Children Go to Jewish Summer Camp Jewish Org that Helps Both Jews and non‐Jews Scholarships for Children to Attend Day School 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
(Respondents in Households Who Donated $100 and Over to the Jewish Federation in the Past Year)
56
Finding 12: Jewish education as a child, Jewish overnight camp as a child, Jewish teenage youth group, Hillel/Chabad in college, and Israel trips correlate positively with Jewish behaviors as adults.
56
57
Households in Which The Respondent Received Some Formal Jewish Education as a Child
93% 52% 22% 71% 38% 26% 57% 24% 9% Passover Seder Synagogue Member Donated $100+ to Federation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
To Jewish Day School To Supplemental School No Jewish Education
Correlation with Adult Jewish Behaviors
(Households with Born or Raised Jewish Respondents) Always/Usually
58
Attended or Worked at a Jewish Overnight Camp as Children
51% 45% 45% 45% 44% 43% 42% 42% 42% 38% 37% 37% 37% 36% 35% 35% 34% 33% 32% 32% 31% 31% 30% 30% 30% 27% 25% 24% 24% 24% 23% 23% Detroit 2018 Columbus Philadelphia Phoenix Pittsburgh San Diego
Detroit 2005 Minneapolis Cincinnati
Washington Bergen Indianapolis Lehigh Valley Rhode Island Broward Miami Houston San Antonio Cleveland New Haven Omaha Jacksonville Westport Las Vegas Hartford
Middlesex South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Atlantic County 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (Born or Raised Jewish Adults)
59 Households in Which The Respondent Attended or Worked at a
Jewish Overnight Camp as a Child
84% 42% 34% 70% 40% 22% Passover Seder Synagogue Member Donated $100+ to Federation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% To Camp Not to Camp
Correlation with Adult Jewish Behaviors
(Households with Born or Raised Jewish Respondents) Always/Usually
60
Households in Which The Respondent Participated in a Jewish Youth Group as a Teenager
84% 45% 25% 64% 29% 27% Passover Seder Synagogue Member Donated $100+ to Federation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Youth Group Participant Not Youth Group Participant
Correlation with Adult Jewish Behaviors
(Households with Born or Raised Jewish Respondents) Always/Usually
61
Households in Which the Respondent Participated in Hillel/Chabad While in College
(Excluding High Holidays)
98% 67% 32% 77% 40% 28% Passover Seder Synagogue Member Donated $100+ to Federation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hillel/Chabad Participant Not Hillel/Chabad Participant
Correlation with Adult Jewish Behaviors
(Households with Born or Raised Jewish Respondents Who Attended College) Always/Usually
62
Households in Which an Adult Has Visited Israel
(Jewish Households)
98% 65% 42% 84% 56% 27% 49% 17% 11% Passover Seder Synagogue Member Donated $100+ to Federation in the Past Year 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% An Adult Visited Israel on a: Jewish Trip General Trip No Adult to Israel
Always/Usually
63
A Few Other Interesting Findings
63
64
Median Household Income
(Jewish Households) $107 $99 $53 $71 $96 $125 $107 $134 $94 All Elderly Couple Elderly Single Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Synagogue Member Non‐Member $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175
(in thousands)
65
Need for Social Services in the Past Year
(Jewish Households, except Job Counseling‐‐ Households Age 18‐64 and Special Needs, Mental Health Services‐‐Households with Children)
14.4% 4.9% 14.0% 4.7% 12.1% 11.3% 30.8% Coordinating Services for an Elderly Person Coordinating Services for a Marital, Family, or Personal Counseling Financial Assistance Job Counseling Special Needs Mental Health Services 0.0% 10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%100.0%
Received Jewish Help Received Other Help No Help Received
a Non‐Elderly Disabled Person
Compared to Other Communities Elderly Coordination: Average Counseling: Average Job Counseling: Average Special Needs: Average
66
24% 21% 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 15% 14% 14% 14% 14% 13% 13% 12% 12% 12% 12% 11% 11% 9% 8% 7% Denver Jacksonville San Diego Las Vegas
Tucson Tidewater Rhode Island Detroit 2018 Lehigh Valley Portland (ME) Minneapolis Omaha Houston Detroit 2005 Indianapolis
New Haven San Antonio Hartford Westport Broward Miami Washington Bergen Atlantic County Sarasota West Palm Beach Middlesex South Palm Beach 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (Jewish Respondents)
Personally Experienced Antisemitism in Local Community in the Past Year
67
Households in Which a Jewish Child Age 6‐17 Experienced Antisemitism in the Local Community in the Past Year
(Households with Jewish Children Age 6‐17) 34% 30% 29% 29% 28% 28% 23% 20% 20% 18% 18% 18% 18% 17% 15% 14% 13% 13% 13% 13% 12% 11% 10% 9% 9% 8% 6% 3% San Antonio Omaha Indianapolis Sarasota Houston West Palm Beach Tidewater Las Vegas Jacksonville Lehigh Valley Detroit 2005 Minneapolis Rhode Island New Haven Atlantic County Broward Detroit 2018 Middlesex Portland (ME) Hartford Westport Bergen
South Palm Beach Tucson Washington Miami
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
68
Overall Involvement in Jewish Activity
(Practice, Attend Synagogue Services at Least Once per Year, Associated,
96% 96% 96% 95% 95% 95% 95% 93% 93% 93% 93% 93% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 91% 91% 91% 91% 90% 90% 90% 89% 89% 88% 88% 87% 86% 86% 86% 84% 83% 83% 81% 72% Middlesex Detroit 2005 Bergen South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Atlantic County Minneapolis Broward Miami
Westport Detroit 1989 Chicago * Howard County * Lehigh Valley Tidewater Hartford Detroit 2018 New Haven San Antonio Pittsburgh Houston Washington Rhode Island Indianapolis Sarasota Cleveland Tucson Portland (ME) Omaha Baltimore * Jacksonville Phoenix
Las Vegas
Columbus 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (Jewish Households)
* Excludes attendance at synagogue services at least once per year
69 Ira M. Sheskin, Ph.D. Director of the Jewish Demography Project of the Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies and Professor Department of Geography University of Miami
70
General Population of City of Detroit
1,850,000 1,670,000 1,514,000 1,203,000 1,028,000 951,000 714,000 673,000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016
500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000
5th largest US City 23rd largest US City
54% non‐Hispanic White
10% non‐Hispanic White
Loss of 1.77 million since 1950 Loss of 278,000 since 2000
71
Have a Local Adult Child
79% 77% 73% 69% 68% 67% 67% 66% 66% 66% 64% 64% 63% 62% 57% 55% 55% 55% 52% 51% 51% 46% 46% 45% 44% 44% 41% 40% 40% 40% 31% 30% 28% 21% 16% 16% Minneapolis
Houston Omaha Detroit 2018 Detroit 2005 Tidewater Baltimore Chicago Cincinnati Indianapolis New York Denver Washington Rhode Island Lehigh Valley San Antonio Hartford Portland (ME) Columbus Tucson Jacksonville Bergen
New Haven Pittsburgh Westport
Miami Las Vegas Atlantic County Middlesex Broward South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Sarasota 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Households Age 75 and Over
72
Graduate Degree
(Adults Age 25 and Over in Jewish Households)
52% 52% 45% 42% 42% 41% 41% 40% 40% 39% 39% 39% 38% 38% 37% 36% 35% 35% 35% 35% 34% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% 32% 32% 31% 31% 30% 30% 29% 28% 27% 26% 25% 24% 23% 22% 20% 18% 18% 13% Howard County Washington Indianapolis New Haven Portland (ME) Philadelphia Westport Detroit 2018 Denver Houston Chicago Cincinnati East Bay Pittsburgh Lehigh Valley San Antonio Columbus San Diego Tucson Bergen Hartford
Cleveland New York Baltimore
Rhode Island Miami Atlanta Detroit 2005 Phoenix Omaha Minneapolis
Middlesex Detroit 1989 Broward Sarasota Atlantic County Tidewater Jacksonville West Palm Beach Las Vegas South Palm Beach CPS (US) 2017 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
73
Orthodox 2005
46% 19% 15% 10% 11%
0‐17 18‐34 35‐49 50‐64 65+
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Age Distribution by Jewish Identification
Orthodox 2018
41% 24% 16% 11%
8% 0‐17 18‐34 35‐49 50‐64 65+
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
74
23% 23% 19% 16% 14% 13% 10% 9% Broward Miami Houston Indianapolis New Haven Detroit
Omaha 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Participated in or Attended any Programs or Religious Services at,
75
JCC Membership
Households with Children
45% 42% 40% 40% 36% 35% 33% 29% 29% 28% 28% 28% 27% 27% 26% 24% 23% 22% 22% 22% 22% 19% 19% 18% 18% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 15% 15% 13% 13% 12% 11% 8% 6% 6% 3% 2% 1% 1% Omaha San Antonio
Jacksonville Tucson Bergen ‐ Palisades Baltimore Tidewater Indianapolis Miami ‐ Miami Beach Lehigh Valley Pittsburgh Detroit 1989 Cleveland Houston Detroit 2005 Broward ‐ Posnack Miami ‐ Russell New Haven Hartford West Palm Beach ‐ Boynton Sarasota Columbus Atlantic County Atlanta Minneapolis San Francisco Chicago Washington ‐ DCJCC Washington ‐ Greater Washington Rhode Island South Palm Beach Bergen ‐ YJCC Miami ‐ Alper West Palm Beach ‐ Kaplan Detroit 2018 Las Vegas * Washington ‐ NOVA Howard County Middlesex Broward ‐ Soref Westport 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
* JCC is not a full service facility.
76
36% 32% 31% 29% 28% 28% 26% 26% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 24% 24% 23% 22% 22% 22% 20% 20% 20% 19% 17% 17% 13% 12% 10% Detroit 2018 Indianapolis Houston Detroit 2005 South Palm Beach Sarasota Miami Bergen Omaha Broward West Palm Beach Minneapolis Washington Middlesex
Hartford Lehigh Valley Atlantic County Tidewater New Haven San Antonio Rhode Island Westport Tucson Jacksonville Portland (ME)
Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Households in Which a Member Visited Israel on a Jewish Trip
(Jewish Households)
77
Donated to Local Jewish Federation in the Past Year
(Based upon the Jewish Federation Survey)
(Jewish Households) 38% 35% 35% 35% 35% 33% 32% 32% 30% 30% 28% 22% 22% 21% 20% 18% 17% 17% 16% 16% 15% 14% 14% 13% 13% 12% 6% 4% Minneapolis Detroit 2018
Sarasota Tidewater Rhode Island San Antonio Detroit 2005 Lehigh Valley Hartford Bergen New Haven Westport Omaha Jacksonville Atlantic County South Palm Beach Tucson Middlesex West Palm Beach Miami Indianapolis Washington Portland (ME) Seattle Houston
Las Vegas 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 11,362 donors
divided by
31,500 total households
We do not know number of households who donated. It is lower than 11,362
78
Need for Social Services in the Past Year
1.9% 21.5% 19.6% 44.1% 13.8% 1.5% 3.9% 4.0% In‐Home Health Care In‐Home Support Services Handyman/ Home Maintenance Services Senior Transportation Nursing Home Adult Day Care/Adult Day Programs Assisted Living Facility Home‐Delivered Meals 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Received Jewish Help Received Other Help No Help Received
(Households with Persons Age 75 and Over)
Compared to Other Communities In‐Home Health Care: Average Transportation: Average Nursing Home: Lowest Assisted Living Facility: Average Meals: Average
79
Perceive a Great Deal/Moderate Amount
(Respondents) 61% 48% 48% 46% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 43% 43% 42% 41% 41% 38% 37% 37% 36% 34% 34% 33% 33% 32% 31% 29% 28% 26% 24% Detroit 2005 Jacksonville Hartford Minneapolis Las Vegas Detroit 2018
Lehigh Valley Tidewater Rhode Island Houston
South Palm Beach Broward Miami Sarasota Bergen New Haven Atlantic County Portland (ME) Westport Omaha Indianapolis Middlesex Washington San Francisco San Antonio Tucson 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Great Deal Moderate Amount
80
Summary of Donations
(Jewish Households) 42% 58% 67% 79% 89% Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Other Jewish Charities (excluding Federations) Any Jewish Charity (including Federations) Non‐Jewish Charities Any Charity 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Compared to about 40 other Jewish communities: Federation: Above Average Other Jewish Charities: Above Average Any Jewish Charity: Average Non‐Jewish Charities: Average Any Charities: Average
81
Always/Usually Read a Local Jewish Newspaper
(Jewish Respondents)
* The Jewish newspaper or one of the Jewish newspapers in the community is published by the Jewish Federation and is distributed to some or all of the households on the Jewish Federation mailing list.
57% 49% 49% 48% 47% 47% 42% 42% 39% 38% 37% 37% 36% 36% 35% 34% 33% 26% 26% 25% 25% 24% 22% 21% 14% 14% 28% 28% 28% 25% 20% 9% Detroit 2005 San Antonio * Rhode Island * Jacksonville * Tidewater * Lehigh Valley * Omaha * Tucson * Minneapolis * Bergen * Sarasota * Middlesex * West Palm Beach South Palm Beach
Detroit 2018 Atlantic County Portland (ME) * New Haven *
Hartford Las Vegas * Indianapolis * Houston Washington Westport * Minneapolis ‐ American Jewish World
Minneapolis ‐ Twin Cities Jewish Life *
Las Vegas ‐ Jewish Reporter * Las Vegas ‐ Israelite 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Individual Newspapers in Communities with More Than One Newspaper
82
Political Party
Republican 15% Democrat 51% Independent 34%
(Jewish Respondents)
83
Percentage Republican
31% 25% 18% 17% 17% 16% 15% 13% 11% 11% 9% 9% 8% Houston
Miami Omaha Broward Indianapolis Detroit
Washington Bergen Minneapolis San Francisco Seattle 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
(Jewish Respondents) Republican 15% Democrat 51% Independent 34%
84
Percentage Democrat
69% 66% 63% 63% 63% 61% 56% 56% 55% 53% 51% 51% 41% Washington Minneapolis
Bergen Seattle San Francisco
Broward Indianapolis Miami Detroit Omaha Houston 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
(Jewish Respondents) Republican 15% Democrat 51% Independent 34%
85
Percentage Independent
34% 33% 29% 26% 25% 24% 21% 19% 19% 19% 18% 17% 12% Detroit Omaha Indianapolis Broward Seattle Houston Miami
Minneapolis Bergen
Washington San Francisco 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
(Jewish Respondents) Republican 15% Democrat 51% Independent 34%
86
Not at All Familiar with the Local Jewish Federation Y
(Respondents) 63% 63% 60% 59% 55% 54% 51% 51% 49% 47% 45% 45% 44% 41% 38% 38% 35% 34% 33% 29% 28% 27% 26% 25% 24% 24% 23% 22% 20% 15% Las Vegas West Palm Beach San Francisco South Palm Beach
Howard County Portland (ME) Atlantic County New York Tucson Middlesex Westport Washington
Broward Sarasota Miami Bergen New Haven Lehigh Valley Jacksonville Hartford Rhode Island Indianapolis San Antonio Minneapolis Tidewater Detroit 2018 Detroit 2005 Omaha 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%