Thailands Experiences on Sanitation Management Ms.Pariyada - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Thailand’s Experiences

• n Sanitation Management

Ms.Pariyada Chokewinyoo Ms.Neeranuch Arphacharus

Bureau of Environmental Health, Department of Health Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

Overview

• Evolution of Rural Sanitation Development Program
• The private sector assistance & The 100% Sanitation

Province Project

• Key Success Factors
• Challenges
• The way forward

Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation

• 1. Evolution of Rural Sanitation Development Program

Hookworm Eradication Project

• 1918
• promoted “Pit Latrine”

Village Health and Sanitation Project

• 1960
• promoted sanitary latrine
• nation–wide program

Rural Sanitation Development Program

• building sanitary latrine

in each house

• community participation
• government assistance

Fi Five e Str trat ategie egies s of Rur ural al De Developm elopment ent in th the la e last st tw two deca ecade de

1) Push for Adoption as a National Policy

• n Sanitation Program

2) Creating Partnerships and Building Alliances 3) Building Capacity 4) Investing in Sanitation 5) Monitoring and Supervision

1) Push for Adoption as a National Policy

• n Sanitation Program
• In 1961, the household latrine coverage was 0.32 %.
• The Village Health and Sanitation Project was

launched by DoH, MoPH and has been implementing with a concrete operational system.

• The sanitation development was included in

the First National Development Plan (1961) as well as the following national development plans.

2) Creating Partnerships and Building Alliances

Community participation

• Transfer of technology for the

people and by the people

• “Health Development Committee”
• approach

Multi-sectoral collaboration approach “The Year for Quality of Life Development

Campaign” was a collaborative effort of MoPH, MoAC, MoE, and MoI. Each ministry was assigned to handle a certain aspect of the campaign; MoPH was in charge of sanitation aspect.

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Ministry of Public Health

Department of Health District Public Health Office Provincial Public Health Office Sanitation Regional Center Sub-District Health center

Province/Governor

District Office /Sheriff

Ministry of Interior

Department of the Government Department of Local Government

Local Authority

• Municipality
• Sub-District office
• BMA & Pattaya city

Sub-District council Head of Villages

Organization of command/cooperation

3) Building Capacity

The important

implementations in the target areas

Committee

• Health

Development Committee

Manpower

• Sub-district

health officers

• Sub-district

council

• Sanitary masons

Funds

• Government’s

fund for setting up “Revolving fund for sanitation”

4) Investing in Sanitation

Year ar

National ional Budget t million llion Sanitation itation Budget t milli llion (% of San.budge n.budget)* )* 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 335,000 387,500 460,400 560,000 625,000 715,000 843,200 984,000 982,000 825,000 47.5 (0.01) 34.0 (0.01) 47.5 (0.01) 84.0 (0.02) 74.6 (0.01) 152.9 (0.02) 152.9 (0.02) 110.0 (0.01) 94.0 (0.01) 0.4 (<0.01)

* Only DOH’s budget

• The technical sanitation support, monitoring

and supervision had been provided to health personnel at all levels.

• The reports were sent from the sub-district,

and provincial levels up to the national level.

• The reports were used for following up on the

progress of the program, and providing proper incentives to personnel with outstanding performance.

5) Monitoring and Supervision

In the early years, superstructure of latrines were mainly constructed from local materials.

Sup uper erstruc tructure ture of lat atrin ine

Lather, they were made of more durable and better looking materials, such as concrete

Infrastructure*

In the early days, cesspool was a single soil pit, lather it was a round cement pit with a ventilation pipe .

Cesspool latrine

*Septic-seepage pit Latrine

Lather, it was developed to be the septic-seepage pit latrine and double-pit pour-flush latrines for the reason of bio- fertilizer.

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• In 1988, the toilet coverage was approximately 58 % of all households

nationwide.

• The DoH launched the 100% Sanitary Latrine Province

Project (1988–1999), under which honorary plaques and gold rings were given to the governors of the provinces that were able to reach the target.

• The DoH sought the assistance from the private company

(American Standard (Thailand) Co. Ltd.) to sell and deliver good quality but cheap ceramic squatting toilet bowl to PPH Offices across the country.

• 2. The

e 100% 00% San anit itat ation ion Pr Provin vince ce Pr Proje ject ct & The e pr privat ivate e sec ector

• r assis

istance ce & &

Thailand has achieved a success

• n the coverage of

sanitation in the rural and urban

• areas. After more

than 4 decades of effort with support from USAID, UNICEF, WHO, and private company. By 2000, 98.11%

• f rural families built

and used sanitary latrines.

• 3. Key Success Factors

Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation

• 1. Strong political commitment, and explicit national policy
• n sanitation development;
• 2. Strong government leadership at all levels from national to

provincial and locals;

• 3. Adequate human resources and manpower development

at all levels through effective training;

• 4. Appropriate technology for sustainable development;
• 5. Efficient and effective financial resources utilization;
• 6. Monitoring and Supervision;
• 7. Clear responsibility, assigned to a single government agency.

• 4. Challenges

Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation

• The coverage of toilets for the population living in remote

rural areas, where 0.92% households do not have any toilets and 0.14% households use unhygienic pit latrines.

• Unsanitary fecal sludge treatment. Only 40% of local

government have sanitary fecal treatment system.

There are toilet pit-emptying services removing the digested human excreta from households and discarding it at public places such as farm land or a solid waste open dumping site. A survey conducted by the DoH found that the amount of human excreta discharged without treatment is approximately 17.3 million tons/ year.

Human excreta discharged without treatment is approximately 17.3 million tons/year.

• 6. The way forward

Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation

6.1 To promote sanitary toilets for the population living in remote rural areas through community participation; 6.2 To increase the coverage of healthy public toilets that meet Health, Accessibility, Safety Standard nationwide; 6.3 To promote hygienic behavior of people in using public toilets; 6.4 To promote the local government to construct the fecal sludge treatment plants, to operate and maintain the treatment system effectively.

Healthy Public Toilets Project

To promote sanitary public toilets in 12 public places to meet the Healthiness, Accessibility and Safety (HAS) toilet standards.

Fecal sludge treatment plant

pariyada.c@anamai.mail.go.th a.neeranuch@gmail.com

THANKS