Temperature Pyrolysis L.M. Simbolon, D.S. Pandey, A. Hovart, M. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Temperature Pyrolysis L.M. Simbolon, D.S. Pandey, A. Hovart, M. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 03, 2022 305 likes •518 views

2 nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains Investigation of Chicken Litter Conversion into Useful Energy Resources Using Low Temperature Pyrolysis L.M. Simbolon, D.S. Pandey, A. Hovart, M. Kwapinska,

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

Investigation of Chicken Litter Conversion into Useful Energy Resources Using Low Temperature Pyrolysis

L.M. Simbolon, D.S. Pandey, A. Hovart, M. Kwapinska, J.J. Leahy, S.A. Tassou BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON Cyprus 17-19 October 2018

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

CONTENTS

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  • Background
  • Aims and Objectives
  • Methods
  • Experimental Facility
  • Research Condition
  • Result
  • Conclusion

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

BACK GROUND

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

  • Every country has agreed to reduce the production
  • f greenhouse gasses (Paris Agreement)
  • One of the options to reduce the carbon foot print

is by converting the farm waste into renewable energy.

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

50 100 150 200 250 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200… 200… 200… 200… 200… 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

averages gram per person per week year

Beef and veal Pork Mutton and lamb chicken (uncooked)

  • Consumption of chicken meat has increased since the broke out of mad

cow disease

  • Shorter batch production time, greater production yield
  • However, the waste generated from chickens has created a new disposal

problem (ex: Ammoniac)

BACKGROUND

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

The Aim of the research is to: Investigate ways to maximise conversion of chicken litter to useful resources. The objectives of the research are:

  • Investigate characteristics of chicken litter from different localities .
  • Select the most appropriate method of management of chicken litter in

detail through experimental investigations.

  • Draw conclusion based on characteristics of chicken litter and energy

conversion technologies.

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

Why Pyrolysis?

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

Lab-scale pyrolysis reactor

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Pyrolysis High Temperature Oven

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

Schematic Diagram

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

(1) Stopper; (2) Reactor Tube, (3) Reducer, (4) Cyclone, (5) & (6) 90° bend, (7) Heat Exchanger, (8a) & (8b) 500 ml flask, (9) Heating Tape, (10) Voltage Regulator (11) Thermostat, (12) Gas Sampling Bags

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

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  • 1. Proximate test.
  • Moisture content test.
  • Volatile matter content test.
  • Ash content test
  • 2. Pyrolysis test.
  • 350°C Pyrolysis test.
  • 400°C Pyrolysis test.
  • 450°C Pyrolysis test.

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(a) Hays; (b) Straws, (c) Rice husk, (d) Wood Shavings, (e) Chicken Manure

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

Pyrolysis test conditions

  • 1. Feed stock type is a mix of 50% bedding materials and 50% pelleted chicken manure

Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Feed Stock Type 1 Hay Mix Straw Mix Wood chip mix Rice husk mix Feed Stock Mass (g) 100 100 100 100 PyrolysisTemperature (°C) 350 400 450 350 400 450 350 400 450 350 400 450 Cooling water flow rate (lpm) 10 10 10 10 Heater Voltage (V) 110 165 220 110 165 220 110 165 220 110 165 220

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

Proximate Analysis

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

Results

Sample HHV (MJ kg-1) MC (wt%) VM (wt%) A (wt%) FC (wt%) Hay Mix 14.34 9.5 60.6 16.4 13.5 Straw Mix 13.02 7.9 66.7 12.8 12.6 Rice Husk Mix 13.47 4.8 65.7 9.4 20.1 Wood Shavings Mix 17.11 9.6 71.4 7.8 11.2 Sample C (wt%) H (wt%) N (wt%) S (wt%) O (wt%) Hay Mix 34.50 5.47 3.60 0.27 29.14 Straw Mix 32.15 5.35 2.89 0.30 33.71 Rice Husk Mix 32.05 4.86 2.85 0.31 27.60 Wood Shavings Mix 35.77 5.68 2.81 0.27 31.43

Ultimate Analysis

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

Pyrolysis Process in 350°, 400°, 450°C

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

Char Bio Oil Gas Sampling

Results

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

38.1 34.3 26.1 36.8 28.5 30.3 28.9 27.4 22.8 28.7 26.0 17.2 25.3 26.6 27.1 26.7 30.2 23.3 26.7 28.2 23.9 35.9 37.9 35.1 36.6 39.1 46.8 36.5 41.3 46.4 44.4 44.4 53.3 35.4 36.1 47.7 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Hay Mix 350°C Hay Mix 400°C Hay Mix 450°C Straw Mix 350°C Straw Mix 400°C Straw Mix 450°C Rice Husk Mix 350°C Rice Husk Mix 400°C Rice Husk Mix 450°C Wood Chip Mix 350°C Wood Chip Mix 400°C Wood Chip Mix 450°C

Char Liquid Gas

Results

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

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Main Pyrolysis Gases Fractions

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Volumetric fraction, % CO2 N2 CO

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Minor Pyrolysis Gases Fractions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Volumetric fraction, % C2H4 C2H6 C2H2 H2S

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000 1100000 1200000 1300000 1400000 1500000 1600000 Time Abundance

HAY MIX -350°C

24 23 22 20 21 19 18 17 16 15

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12 10 13 11 9 8 7 6 5 3 4 2 1

Liquid Identification

(Hay Mix 350°C, water content 65% – 72%)

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

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BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

Liquid Identification Contd..

Compounds Name Compounds Name

  • 1. Acetic acid (C2H4O2)
  • 13. 1-Heptanol, 2-propyl- (C10H22O)
  • 2. Propanoic acid (C3H6O2)
  • 14. Maltol (C6H6O3)
  • 3. 1-Hydroxy-2-butanone (C4H8O2)
  • 15. 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy- (C7H10O2)
  • 4. Butanoic acid (C4H8O2)
  • 16. 4-Pyridinol (C5H5NO)
  • 5. 2-Furanmethanol (C5H6O2)
  • 17. Phenol, 3-ethyl- (C8H10O)
  • 6. 2-Propanone, 1-(acetyloxy)- (C5H8O3)
  • 18. Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methyl- (C8H10O2)
  • 7. Butyrolactone (C4H6O2)
  • 19. Phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy- (C9H12O2)
  • 8. Furo[3,4-b]furan-2,6(3H,4H)-dione (C9H10O4)
  • 20. Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (C8H10O3)
  • 9. Phenol (C6H6O)
  • 21. Phenol, 4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethyl)- (C9H12O3)
  • 10. 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro- (C5H10O2)
  • 22. Trimethoxyamphetamine, 2,3,5- (C12H19NO3)
  • 11. 1,2-Cyclopentanedione, 3-methyl- (C6H8O2)
  • 23. Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (C11H14O3)
  • 12. Phenol, 2-methoxy- (C7H8O2)
  • 24. n-Hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2)
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Energy Balance

14.34 14.34 14.34 12.77 12.77 12.77 12.99 12.99 12.99 14.81 14.81 14.81 4.89 4.94 7.18 5.33 5.91 5.59 4.27 5.74 10.63 5.09 7.15 7.97 16.30 18.57 14.40 6.52 10.78 12.83 5.40 7.37 6.66 10.48 15.50 16.34 8.14 4.40 6.11 7.02 5.64 5.25 8.73 6.51 6.21 8.59 6.19 5.79 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 HHV (MJ/kg) Feed Stock Gas

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

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CONCLUSION

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  • wooden bedding material has higher volatile matter compared to the rice

husk which has more fix carbon and ash. Volatility related to the Heating Value

  • Low temperature pyrolysis process use less energy compare to the high

temperature pyrolysis.

  • More char yield in high temperature (450°C) and more gas yield at 350°C,

while the liquid phase are average constant in all temperature

  • Liquid phase in low temperature pyrolysis yield provides more energy

(heating value) compared to the other products.

  • Challenge for the liquid phase is high water content and non-homogenous.

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON

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RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains

2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains

This research is supported by:

  • CSEF Research group, Brunel University London
  • Department of Chemical Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick
  • Ministry of Research, Technology & Higher Education, Indonesia

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Thank You

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON