Telescopes using an UAV-based device A. Martnez Picar, C. Marqu, M. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Telescopes using an UAV-based device A. Martnez Picar, C. Marqu, M. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications September 7-11, 2015 Torino Italy Antenna Pattern Calibration of Radio Telescopes using an UAV-based device A. Martnez Picar, C. Marqu, M. Anciaux, H. Lamy, and S.

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SLIDE 1

Antenna Pattern Calibration of Radio Telescopes using an UAV-based device

  • A. Martínez Picar, C. Marqué,
  • M. Anciaux, H. Lamy, and S. Ranvier

International Conference

  • n Electromagnetics in

Advanced Applications

September 7-11, 2015 Torino – Italy

Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence Royal Observatory

  • f Belgium

Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy

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SLIDE 2

The Humain Radio-Astronomy Station

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SLIDE 3

The Humain Radio-Astronomy Station

6m Parabolic Reflector 300 – 800 MHz LPDA (e-Callisto) 45 – 400 MHz BRAMS Yagi Array ~ 50 MHz

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SLIDE 4

Antenna Pattern Characterization

  • LPDA
  • 6m-dish
  • BRAMS Array

Humain Antenna Systems

Proper Gain Characterization Real Flux Density

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SLIDE 5

Antenna Pattern Characterization

  • LPDA
  • 6m-dish
  • BRAMS Array

Humain Antenna Systems

Proper Gain Characterization Real Flux Density Measurements

using

Well-Known Test Signal (source)

located at

𝐸

𝑔𝑔 ≥ 2𝑀2

𝜇

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SLIDE 6

Antenna Pattern Characterization

  • LPDA
  • 6m-dish
  • BRAMS Array

Humain Antenna Systems

Proper Gain Characterization Real Flux Density Measurements

using

Well-Known Test Signal (source)

located at

𝐸

𝑔𝑔 ≥ 2𝑀2

𝜇

3 ~ 27 m ~ 3 m 75 ~ 195 m

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SLIDE 7

Measurements using a test signal

H AUT Spectrum Analyzer RF Unit

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SLIDE 8

Measurements using an UAV

H UAV Flight Path AUT Spectrum Analyzer RF Unit

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SLIDE 9

RAMON System

H UAV Flight Path AUT φ θ Spectrum Analyzer Avionics & Flight Log PC Sync Clock RF Unit

Radio Antenna Measurement ONsite

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SLIDE 10

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

OktoXL – Mikrokopter

  • Payload: 2.6 kg (max)
  • Range: 500 m
  • GPS-aided navigation
  • Barometric altimeter
  • ~ 15 min autonomy
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SLIDE 11

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

OktoXL – Mikrokopter

  • Payload: 2.6 kg (max)
  • Range: 500 m
  • GPS-aided navigation
  • Barometric altimeter
  • ~ 15 min autonomy
  • Predefined waypoints-based

autonomous flight path

  • Position and hold mode with

heading control (3º)

  • 5 satellites (min): ~3 m accuracy
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SLIDE 12

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

OktoXL – Mikrokopter

  • Payload: 2.6 kg (max)
  • Range: 500 m
  • GPS-aided navigation
  • Barometric altimeter
  • ~ 15 min autonomy
  • Predefined waypoints-based

autonomous flight path

  • Position and hold mode with

heading control (3º)

  • 5 satellites (min): ~3 m accuracy
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SLIDE 13

RF Unit

Short Monopole Antenna RF signal generator Battery Bank SBC (Raspberry Pi) Metallic Mesh

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SLIDE 14

RF Unit

Short Monopole Antenna RF signal generator Battery Bank SBC (Raspberry Pi) Metallic Mesh

  • 6 dBm (max)

EM isolation Freq Control Z = 50 Ω +6h autonomy

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SLIDE 15

Receiver / Data Logger

AUT Spectrum Analyzer

Ethernet

  • Python script (GUI)
  • SCPI commands over FTP
  • Max Hold mode
  • Output: received power &

timestamps

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SLIDE 16

Measurement Strategy

Avionics & Flight Logging PC Spectrum Analyzer

Received Signal

Circular paths around AUT, separated 10º in elevation “Static” Waypoints every 10º in azimuth

+

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SLIDE 17

Measurement Strategy

Avionics & Flight Logging PC Spectrum Analyzer

Received Signal Ethernet

Circular paths around AUT, separated 10º in elevation “Static” Waypoints every 10º in azimuth

+

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SLIDE 18

Measurement Strategy

Avionics & Flight Logging PC Spectrum Analyzer

Received Signal Ethernet

Circular paths around AUT, separated 10º in elevation “Static” Waypoints every 10º in azimuth

+

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SLIDE 19

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

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SLIDE 20

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

tA : lonA, latA, altA, speedA t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

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SLIDE 21

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

tA : lonA, latA, altA, speedA Quasi-Static Waypoints t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

Group I Group II Group III

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SLIDE 22

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

tA : lonA, latA, altA, speedA Quasi-Static Waypoints t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

Group I Group II Group III

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SLIDE 23

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

tA : lonA, latA, altA, speedA Quasi-Static Waypoints t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

Group I Group III Group II

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SLIDE 24

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

tA : lonA, latA, altA, speedA t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

Group I Group III Group II

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SLIDE 25

Data Processing

Flight Track Received Power Log

t1 : p1[f1], p1[f2], p1[f3], …, p1[fm] t2 : p2[f1], p2[f2], p2[f3], …, p2[fm] t3 : p3[f1], p3[f2], p3[f3], …, p3[fm] tx : px[f1], px[f2], px[f3], …, px[fm] ty : py[f1], py[f2], py[f3], …, py[fm] tn-1 : pn-1[f1], pn-1[f2], …, pn-1[fm] tn : pn[f1], pn[f2], pn[f3], …, pn[fm]

… … …

median(p1; p2) for each f median(px; px+1; …) for each f median(…; pn-1; pn) for each f median(lonI; latI; altI) median(lonII; latII; altII) median(lonIII; latIII; altIII) median(lonN; latN; altN)

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SLIDE 26

First Task

Pattern of the Test Signal Source

  • The UAV will be

always oriented towards the AUT

  • Measured with a

calibrated antenna 𝑄𝑆 = 𝑄𝑈 − 𝑀 + 𝐻𝑈 + 𝐻𝑆

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SLIDE 27

First Task

Pattern of the Test Signal Source

  • The UAV will be

always oriented towards the AUT

  • Measured with a

calibrated antenna 𝑄𝑆 = 𝑄𝑈 − 𝑀 + 𝐻𝑈 + 𝐻𝑆

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SLIDE 28

Proof of Concept

𝑄𝑆 = 𝑄𝑈 − 𝑀 + 𝐻𝑈 + 𝐻𝑆

  • AUT: 6m-dish antenna
  • f = 328.5 MHz
  • Flights @ different distances
  • 1 day mission
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SLIDE 29

Numerical Simulation

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SLIDE 30

Measurements

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SLIDE 31

Discussion

  • Statistical approach (more points are needed)
  • Differentiate measurements under dry and

humid conditions

  • Variability of points location is less sensitive

flying far away

  • Authorization (BELGOCONTROL) – permission

for flying up to 120 m agl

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SLIDE 32

Thank you!

Antonio Martínez Picar antonio.martinez@observatory.be

International Conference

  • n Electromagnetics in

Advanced Applications

September 7-11, 2015 Torino – Italy

Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence Royal Observatory

  • f Belgium

Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy