Development and Assessment Institute in Waste Water Technology at RWTH Aachen University “Technical Guidance for the handling of wastewater in Ports of the Baltic Sea Special Area under MARPOL Annex IV” HELCOM Cooperation Platform on Special Area According to MARPOL Annex IV (CP PRF 8-2019) Helsinki, Finland, 27-28 March 2019
Background BSH Initiative - Development of a “Best Practice Guidance for the handling of waste water in ports” - R&D Project carried out by consultant - To be submitted to International PRF Workshop in HELCOM MARITIME and Kiel, 30th May – 1st June 2016 eventually publication through HELCOM - Practical technical solutions for Secretariat dealing with sewage in ports and effective waste water management Next Steps Final Presentation of - Exchange of information on - Approval by HELCOM results at CP PRF 8-2019 quantities and qualities of MARITIME by wastewater, as well as capacities - Document was correspondence Presentation and discussions at of PRF circulated beforehand f different HELCOM and other - Submission to HOD - 56 for or comments as - Continuous dialogue on meetings approval “Technical Guidance for technologies, lessons learnt and - BPO Workshop on the handling of - Subsequent publication of best practices Development of PRFs in Baltic wastewater in ports of the Technical Guidance by Ports, Copenhagen, April 2017 the Baltic Sea Special the HELCOM Secretariat - CP PRF 7-2017, Hamburg, Area under MARPOL Annex IV” September 2017 Cooperation Platform on Special Area - MARITIME 17-2017, St. According to MARPOL Annex IV (CP Petersburg, October 2017 PRF 6-2016) and MARITIME 16-2016 - SHEBA/SOLAS shipping - exchanging information and best conference , Gothenburg, practices on on-board management October 2017 and treatment of sewage and greywater, if it is mixed with - BPO Workshop Sewage blackwater, in the Baltic Sea and its Reception Workshop, Helsinki, relation to delivery to PRF May 2018 - revision/update of HELCOM Overview, - MARITIME 18-2018, Hamburg, including best practices for port and on September 2018 board sewage management Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 2
Comments Comments • Received from: – BPO – Port of Tallinn – Sweden • See revised document: – Technical Guidance not meant to stipulate any mandatory solutions for ports, but to present technical options for specific technical challenges – Focus on ports, however, cruise ships ‘ responsibilities addressed (e.g. timely notification/ exchange of information/ sufficient pumping capacity) – Policy issues (e.g. fee systems) not included Updated questionnaire • Received from Port of Gdynia – New data to be included Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 3
Technical Guidance Background Information Technical Guidance Challenges Solutions Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 4
Overview Content • Introduction • Definitions • Legal basis • Background information • Challenges and options • Conclusions Information to be included in Annexes: • Annex I Definition • Annex II Discharge standards / Threshold values • Annex III Advanced sewage treatment plant testing • Annex IV Raw data on cruise ship wastewater • Annex V PIA Questionnaire Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 5
Background Information – “PIA - Questionnaire” Categories of the survey • General information • Infrastructure information • Ship and waste water information • Problems with Port Reception Facilities handling Received answers of ports Representing (in 2016) • ~ 3,4 of ~ 4,3m cruise passengers (78%) Port of Copenhagen ~ 1,5 of ~ 2,2k port calls (71%) • Port of Gdynia • Port of Klaipeda • Port of Rostock • Port of Tallinn • Port of Trelleborg • Port of St. Petersburg • Port of Kiel • Port of Lübeck • Port of Helsinki • Port of Marienhamn Picture: M. Joswig (PIA) Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 6
Background Information - Baltic Sea Cruise Ship Traffic Average Cruise Ship passenger + crew 2431 gross tonnage (GT) 65673 year of construction 2001 Average cruise ship size in the Baltic Sea 3000,0 2500,0 Persons on board [PAX+Crew] 2000,0 1500,0 1000,0 500,0 0,0 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 7
Background Information – Waste Water Characteristics black water grey water Average BW Average BW Average BW Average GW Average GW Average GW Parameter Unit concentration on concentration on concentration on Parameter Unit concentration on concentration on concentration on Cruise Ships 1 Cruise Ships 2 Cruise Ships 3 Cruise Ship’s 1 Cruise Ship’s 2 Cruise Ship’s 3 [mg/l] COD [mg/l] 1140 6325 7400 COD 1890 1000 1150 [mg/l] BOD 5 [mg/l] 526 3475 3700 BOD 5 1140 354 865 [mg/l] Alkalinity [mg/l] 325 - 382 Alkalinity 53,8 57,8 [mg/l] TKN [mg/l] 111 620 620 TKN 26,2 11,1 - NH 4 [mg/l] 78,6 783 783 NH 4 [mg/l] 2,13 2,21 4,75 [mg/l] NO 3 and NO 2 [mg/l] 0,325 - - NO 3 and NO 2 0,0872 0,009 - [mg/l] N tot [mg/l] - 850 - N tot - - 22 [mg/l] P tot [mg/l] 18,1 78,25 160 P tot 10,1 3,34 6,475 [mg/l] TSS [mg/l] 545 3700 TSS 704 318 - 1 Based on data collected by the EPA in 2004 and 2005, when black water is mixed with greywater 1 Based on data collected by the EPA in 2004 2 Based on data collected by the TUHH in 2015, 5 Ships 13 Samples 2 Based on data collected by the ASCI in 2012 3 Based on data collected by Ohle P. et al. 2009 3 Based on data collected by the TUHH in 2015 Unit Min Max Mean Unit Min Max Mean Black water L/P*d 15 102 31 Grey water L/P*d 172 350 221 Based on data collected by the EPA, TUHH, ASCI, TUI, AIDA and Scanship. Based on data collected by the EPA, TUHH, ASCI, TUI, AIDA and Scanship. Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 8
Background Information – Waste Water Treatment on Board Biology Separation Separation Disinfection Inflow Effluent Sludge MEPC.227(64) incl. section 4.2 further treatment steps • • additional bioreactor volume total nitrogen • • precipitation total phosphorous • additional sludge production • increased air consumption Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 9
Background Information – Waste Water Treatment on Board Biology Separation Separation Disinfection Precipitation Inflow Effluent Sludge MEPC.227(64) incl. section 4.2 further treatment steps • • additional bioreactor volume total nitrogen • • precipitation total phosphorous • additional sludge production • increased air consumption Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 10
Challenges: Issues associated with PRF Capacity Issues ~35% • Unavailability / Insufficient capacity • Insufficient discharge speed • Failure of pumping system Technical Issues ~40% • Additional discharge standards • Odor • Corrosion • Sewer overflow • Clogging of sewer system • Exceedance of hydraulic and/or organic loading capacity of MWTP Other Issues ~25% • Insufficient communication • Rout optimisation costs • Non-harmonised cost structure Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 11
Challenges: Issues associated with PRF Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 12
Challenges: Issues associated with PRF Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 13
Challenges: Issues associated with PRF Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 14
Example Capacity Issue: Insufficient Capacity Improvement of discharge capacity Discharge time 16 - Installation of fixed PRF 14 Average time spend at berth - Installation of storage tank Discharge time [h] 12 10 - Different types increase flexibility 8 6 4 Provision of additional pump station 2 0 - Pump connection on both sides Tank Trucks Barges Fixed All types (ship and port) Tank trucks mainly as “Plan B” options or for special waste streams (sludge or food waste) Pictures: M. Joswig (PIA) Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 15
Example Technical Issue: Exceedance of Capacity of MWTP The design capacity of MWTP is fix (e.g. 100.000 PE) - Flow ~ 15.000 m³ /d - BOD 5 ~ 6.000 kg/d Cruise ship discharge may cause a peak load to the MWTP BOD 5 load of 720 kg per average cruise ship ~ 12.000 PE BOD 5 when discharged in 24 h ~ 72.000 PE BOD 5 when discharged in 4h as shock load Technical Guidance CP PRF 8-2019 16
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