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• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ■✴❖ ▼❡t❤♦❞s ❢♦r ❊❛rt❤✲❙②st❡♠ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧✱ ❚❤♦♠❛s ▲✉❞✇✐❣✱ ❚❤♦♠❛s ❉✉❜♦s✱ ◆❛♦②❛ ▼❛r✉②❛♠❛✱ ❚❛❦❛②✉❦✐ ❆♦❦✐✱ ●ü♥t❤❡r ❩ä♥❣❧✱ ❍✐s❛s❤✐ ❨❛s❤✐r♦✱ ❘②✉❥✐ ❨♦s❤✐❞❛✱ ❍✐r♦❢✉♠✐ ❚♦♠✐t❛✱ ▼❛s❛❦✐ ❙❛t♦❤✱ ❨❛♥♥ ▼❡✉r❞❡s♦✐❢

❙❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ❈♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♦❢ ■♥❢♦r♠❛t✐❝s ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❍❛♠❜✉r❣

✷✵✶✻✲✵✶✲✷✼

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

• ♦❛❧s

❆❞❞r❡ss ❦❡② ✐ss✉❡s ♦❢ ✐❝♦s❛❤❡❞r❛❧ ❡❛rt❤✲s②st❡♠ ♠♦❞❡❧s

❊♥❤❛♥❝❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❛❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✲♣♦rt❛❜✐❧✐t② ❖✈❡r❝♦♠❡ st♦r❛❣❡ ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ❆❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❜❡♥❡✜t✿ ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛r❦ ❢♦r t❤❡s❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s

❈♦✈❡r❡❞ ♠♦❞❡❧s

■❈❖◆ ❉❨◆❆▼■❈❖ ◆■❈❆▼

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✷ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❲♦r❦✲P❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇

Higher-level code design Higher-level code design Massive I/O Massive I/O Evaluation Evaluation

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❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✸ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡s✿ ❲P ✶ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❍✐❣❤❡r✲▲❡✈❡❧ ❈♦❞❡ ❉❡s✐❣♥

❙❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥s✿ ❉♦♠❛✐♥ s❝✐❡♥❝❡✱ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r✱ ❈❙ ❍✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ■♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❤❛r❞✇❛r❡✲s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s✱ ❡✳❣✳ ♠❡♠♦r②✲❧❛②♦✉t ❈♦♥✈❡rt✐❜❧❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ ❉❙▲s

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❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✹ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❲P ✶✿ ❚❛s❦s ✫ ❙tr❛t❡❣②

❉❡✈❡❧♦♣ ❛♥❞ r❡❢♦r♠✉❧❛t❡ ❦❡② ♣❛rts ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✐♥t♦ ❉❙▲✲❞✐❛❧❡❝ts

❉❨◆❆▼■❈❖ ■❈❖◆ ◆■❈❆▼

❉❡s✐❣♥ ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❉❙▲ ❝♦♥❝❡♣ts ❢♦r ❛❧❧ ■❈❖ ♠♦❞❡❧s

■❞❡♥t✐❢② ❝❤❛♥❝❡s ❢♦r ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❝♦♥✈❡♥t✐♦♥ ❇✉t st✐❧❧ ❛❧❧♦✇ ❢♦r ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ❛❞❥✉st♠❡♥ts✴❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s

❉❡✈❡❧♦♣ ❛ s♦✉r❝❡✲t♦✲s♦✉r❝❡ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ t♦♦❧ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♣♣✐♥❣s

▲✐❣❤t✇❡✐❣❤t t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ s❝✐❡♥t✐sts ♥♦t t♦ ✇♦rr② ❛❜♦✉t ♠❛✐♥t❡♥❛♥❝❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛❞❥✉st❡❞ ❢♦r ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✴ ❣r♦✉♣s

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✺ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ Pr♦t♦t②♣✐❝❛❧ ❲♦r❦ ❢♦r ■❈❖◆

❉✐❛❧❡❝t ❢♦r ■❈❖◆

❙✉❜s❡t ✿✿ ♣❴♣❛t❝❤ ❊❞❣❡ ✿✿ ❡❞❣❡ ❘❊❆▲✭✇♣✮✱ ❱❛r✶❉❈❡❧❧ ✿✿ ③❴t❤❡r♠❛❧❴❡①♣ ❢♦r❡❛❝❤ ❝❡❧❧ ✐♥ ♣❴♣❛t❝❤ ✭❡❧❡✈❛t✐♦♥ r❧❴st❛rt t♦ r❧❴❡♥❞✮ ③❴t❤❡r♠❛❧❴❡①♣ ✭❝❡❧❧✮ ❂ ③❴t❤❡r♠❛❧❴❡①♣ ✭❝❡❧❧✮ ✰ ✫ ❝✈❞❴♦❴r❞ ✯ ♣❴♥❤✪❞✐❛❣✪ ❞❞t❴❡①♥❡r❴♣❤② ✭❝❡❧❧✮ ✴ ✫ ✭♣❴♥❤✪♣r♦❣✭♥♥♦✇✮✪❡①♥❡r✭❝❡❧❧✮✯ ♣❴♥❤✪♠❡tr✐❝s✪ ✐♥✈❴❞❞q③❴③❴❢✉❧❧ ✭❝❡❧❧✮✮ ❡♥❞ ❢♦r❡❛❝❤

❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❂❂ ❚r❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❝♦❞❡ ❢♦r ❈P❯s

❚❨P❊✭t❴♣❛t❝❤✮✱ ❚❆❘●❊❚ ✱ ■◆❚❊◆❚✭■◆✮ ✿✿ ♣❴♣❛t❝❤ ❘❊❆▲✭✇♣✮✿✿ ③❴t❤❡r♠❛❧❴❡①♣ ✭♥♣r♦♠❛ ✱♣❴♣❛t❝❤✪♥❜❧❦s❴❝✮ ✐❴st❛rt❜❧❦ ❂ ♣❴♣❛t❝❤✪❝❡❧❧s✪ st❛rt❴❜❧♦❝❦ ✭r❧❴st❛rt✮ ✐❴❡♥❞❜❧❦ ❂ ♣❴♣❛t❝❤✪❝❡❧❧s✪❡♥❞❴❜❧♦❝❦✭r❧❴❡♥❞✮ ❉❖ ❥❜ ❂ ✐❴st❛rt❜❧❦ ✱ ✐❴❡♥❞❜❧❦ ❈❆▲▲ ❣❡t❴✐♥❞✐❝❡s❴❝ ✭♣❴♣❛t❝❤ ✱ ❥❜ ✱ ✐❴st❛rt❜❧❦ ✱ ✐❴❡♥❞❜❧❦ ✱✫ ✐❴st❛rt✐❞① ✱ ✐❴❡♥❞✐❞① ✱ r❧❴st❛rt ✱ r❧❴❡♥❞✮ ❉❖ ❥❦ ❂ ✶✱ ♥❧❡✈ ❉❖ ❥❝ ❂ ✐❴st❛rt✐❞① ✱ ✐❴❡♥❞✐❞① ③❴t❤❡r♠❛❧❴❡①♣ ✭❥❝ ✱❥❜✮ ❂ ③❴t❤❡r♠❛❧❴❡①♣ ✭❥❝ ✱❥❜✮ ✰ ✫ ❝✈❞❴♦❴r❞ ✯ ♣❴♥❤✪❞✐❛❣✪ ❞❞t❴❡①♥❡r❴♣❤② ✭❥❝ ✱❥❦ ✱❥❜✮✴ ✫ ✭♣❴♥❤✪♣r♦❣✭♥♥♦✇✮✪❡①♥❡r✭❥❝ ✱❥❦ ✱❥❜✮✯ ✫ ♣❴♥❤✪♠❡tr✐❝s✪ ✐♥✈❴❞❞q③❴③❴❢✉❧❧ ✭❥❝ ✱❥❦ ✱❥❜✮✮ ❊◆❉❉❖ ❊◆❉❉❖ ❊◆❉❉❖ ❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✻ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ P❤②s✐s ❉❙▲ ❛ ❚❛r❣❡t ❢♦r t❤❡ ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥

✈♦✐❞ ❦❡r♥❡❧✭❝♦♥st ✐♥t ①✱ ❝♦♥st ✐♥t ②✱ ❝♦♥st ✐♥t ③✱ P❙●r✐❞✸❉P♦✐♥t ❣✶ ✱ P❙●r✐❞✸❉❉♦✉❜❧❡ ❣✷✮ ④ ❞♦✉❜❧❡ ✈ ❂ P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✱②✱③✮✳✈① ✰P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✲✶✱②✱③✮✳✈① ✰ P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✰✶✱②✱③✮✳✈① ✰P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✱②✲✶✱③✮✳✈② ✰ P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✱②✰✶✱③✮✳✈② ✰P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✱②✱③✲✶✮✳✈③ ✰ P❙●r✐❞●❡t✭❣✶ ✱①✱②✱③✰✶✮✳✈③❀ P❙●r✐❞❊♠✐t✭❣✷ ✱✈✴✼✳✵✮❀ ⑥ ✳✳✳ P❙●r✐❞✸❉P♦✐♥t ❣✶ ❂ P❙●r✐❞✸❉P♦✐♥t◆❡✇ ✭◆❳ ✱ ◆❨ ✱ ◆❩✮❀ P❙●r✐❞✸❉❉♦✉❜❧❡ ❣✷ ❂ P❙●r✐❞✸❉❉♦✉❜❧❡◆❡✇ ✭◆❳ ✱ ◆❨ ✱ ◆❩✮❀ P❙❉♦♠❛✐♥✸❉ ❞ ❂ P❙❉♦♠❛✐♥✸❉◆❡✇ ✭✵✱ ◆❳ ✱ ✵✱ ◆❨ ✱ ✵✱ ◆❩✮❀ P❙❙t❡♥❝✐❧▼❛♣ ✭❦❡r♥❡❧ ✱❞✱❣✶ ✱❣✷✮❀ ❞♦✉❜❧❡ ♠❛①❴✈❛❧✉❡❀ P❙❘❡❞✉❝❡ ✭✫ ♠❛①❴✈❛❧✉❡ ✱ ❣✷ ✱ P❙❴▼❆❳✮❀

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✼ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡s ❲P✷✿ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖

❖♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ■✴❖ ♠✐❞❞❧❡✇❛r❡ ❢♦r ✐❝♦s❛❤❡❞r❛❧ ❞❛t❛

❚❤r♦✉❣❤♣✉t✱ ♠❡t❛❞❛t❛ ❤❛♥❞❧✐♥❣

❉❡s✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❞♦♠❛✐♥✲s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✭❝✳ r❛t✐♦ > ✶✵ : ✶✮

■♥✈❡st✐❣❛t❡ ♠❡tr✐❝s ❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ♣❡r ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❯s❡r✲✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ❢♦r s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ▼❡t❤♦❞♦❧♦❣② ❢♦r ✐❞❡♥t✐❢②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ❈♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ s❝❤❡♠❡s ❡①♣❧♦✐t✐♥❣ t❤✐s ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡

Compression scheme Compression scheme

Precipitation Temperature

?!

Absolute/relative error, properties

I/O Interface I/O Interface Data quality Data quality Methodology Methodology

...

NetCDF HDF5 NetCDF HDF5 ❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✽ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡s ❲P ✸✿ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥

❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❉❙▲ ❛♥❞ ❞♦♠❛✐♥✲s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ■✴❖ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡♠❡♥ts Pr♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛r❦ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❛❧❧ ♠♦❞❡❧s

ICON DYNAMICO NICAM

DSL I/O Performance Scalability Productivity

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✾ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

P❛rt♥❡rs ❛♥❞ ❊①♣❡rt✐s❡

❋✉♥❞❡❞ ♣❛rt♥❡rs

❚❤♦♠❛s ▲✉❞✇✐❣ ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐tät ❍❛♠❜✉r❣✮

■✴❖ ♠✐❞❞❧❡✇❛r❡✱ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ■❈❖◆ ❉❙▲

❚❤♦♠❛s ❉✉❜♦s ✭■♥st✐t✉t P✐❡rr❡ ❙✐♠♦♥ ▲❛♣❧❛❝❡✮

❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ■✴❖ s❡r✈❡rs✱ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ❉❨◆❆▼■❈❖

◆❛♦②❛ ▼❛r✉②❛♠❛ ✭❘■❑❊◆✮

❉❙▲ ✭P❤②s✐s✮✱ ●P❯s✱ ◆■❈❆▼

❚❛❦❛②✉❦✐ ❆♦❦✐ ✭❚♦❦✐♦ ■♥st✐t✉t❡ ♦❢ ❚❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣②✮

❉❙▲ ✭❍②❜r✐❞❋♦rtr❛♥✮✱ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥✱ ♣❡t❛✲s❝❛❧❡ ❛♣♣s

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✶✵ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❈♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs

❉❑❘❩ ✭■✴❖✱ ❉❙▲✮ ❉❲❉ ✭■❈❖◆✱ ❉❙▲✱ ■✴❖✮ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❊①❡t❡r ✭▼❛t❤✳ ❛s♣❡❝ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ❉❙▲✮ ❈❙❈❙ ✭●P❯✴■❈❖◆✱ ●❘■❉❚♦♦❧✱ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✮ ■♥t❡❧ ✭❉❙▲✲❜❛❝❦❡♥❞ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❳❡♦♥P❤✐✱ ❈P❯✮ ◆❱■❉■❆ ✭❉❙▲✲❜❛❝❦❡♥❞ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ●P❯✮ ❚❤❡ ❍❉❋ ●r♦✉♣ ✭■✴❖✱ ✉♥str✉❝t✉r❡❞ ❞❛t❛✱ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✮ ◆❈❆❘ ✭▼P❆❙ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡rs✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✐❝♦s❛❤❡❞r❛❧ ♠♦❞❡❧✮ ❇✉❧❧ ❈r❛② ■♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❡①❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t❡ ✐♥ ✇♦r❦s❤♦♣s✱ ❬❤❛r❞✇❛r❡ ❛❝❝❡ss❪

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✶✶ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

P❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡s ✐♥ ❙PP❊❳❆

❊✛♦rt t♦✇❛r❞s st❛♥❞❛r❞✐③❛t✐♦♥

❈♦♠♠♦♥ ▼❡t❛✲❉❙▲ ❢♦r ✐❝♦s❛❤❡❞r❛❧ ♠♦❞❡❧s ■✴❖ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s✴s❝❤❡♠❡s ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥

❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❝❧✐♠❛t❡✴◆❲P

❆❞✈❛♥❝❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ■✴❖ ♠✐❞❞❧❡✇❛r❡ ❛r❡ ❢❡❡❞ ❜❛❝❦ t♦ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t✐❡s ❉❙▲ t♦♦❧s ❛♥❞ str❛t❡❣✐❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r ♦t❤❡r ❞♦♠❛✐♥s

❙✉♣♣♦rt ❢♦r ❡❛r❧② r❡s❡❛r❝❤❡rs

❲❡ ♦✛❡r r❡s❡❛r❝❤ st❛②s

❲❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❤❛♣♣② t♦ ❝♦❧❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ②♦✉

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✶✷ ✴ ✶✸

• ♦❛❧s

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐❣❡r✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❝♦❞❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ▼❛ss✐✈❡ ■✴❖ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ P❛rt♥❡rs ❙✉♠♠❛r②

❙✉♠♠❛r②

❆■▼❊❙ ❝♦✈❡rs ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❛❜✐❧✐t② ✐ss✉❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤✲❧❡✈❡❧

❉❙▲✲❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥s ❡♥r✐❝❤ ❡①✐st✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❋♦st❡rs s❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥s✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♣♦rt❛❜✐❧✐t②

❆■▼❊❙ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ❞♦♠❛✐♥✲s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❧♦ss② ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥

✭❍❡❧♣✮ s❝✐❡♥t✐sts t♦ ❞❡✜♥❡ t❤❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ❊①♣❧♦✐t t❤✐s ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ s❝❤❡♠❡

❆■▼❊❙ ✇♦r❦s t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛r❦ s✉✐t❡

❘❡❞✉❝❡ ❤✉r❞❧❡ ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣✉t❡r s❝✐❡♥t✐sts t♦ ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧s

❏✉❧✐❛♥ ▼✳ ❑✉♥❦❡❧ ✶✸ ✴ ✶✸