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❘✉♥t✐♠❡ t②♣❡s ✐♥ ❖❈❛♠❧✳

• ré❣♦✐r❡ ❍❡♥r② ✭■♥r✐❛✮

❏❛❝q✉❡s ●❛rr✐❣✉❡ ✭◆❛❣♦②❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ✇✐t❤ s✉♣♣♦rt ❢r♦♠ ▲❡①✐❋✐ ❛♥❞ ❖❈❛♠❧Pr♦ ❖❈❛♠❧✬✷✵✶✸ ✕ ❙❡♣t❡♠❜❡r ✷✹ ✕ ❇♦st♦♥

✷✴✶✸

❉②♥❛♠✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② t②♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ✇❤❛t ❢♦r ❄ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ❡✳❣✳ ❣❡♥❡r✐❝ ■♥♣✉t✴❖✉t♣✉t ♣r✐♠✐t✐✈❡s✿

◮ t②♣❡✲s❛❢❡✱ ✉♥❧✐❦❡ ▼❛rs❤❛❧✳④t♦✱❢r♦♠⑥❴str✐♥❣ ◮ t②♣❡❞✱ ✐✳❡✳ ♥♦t ✇r✐tt❡♥ ✐♥ ❈❛♠❧♣✹

❛✳❦✳❛✳ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ◆♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ❡✳❣✳ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ✈❛❧✉❡s✿

◮ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❦❡②✴✈❛❧✉❡ st♦r❛❣❡ ◮ t♦ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t ❛ ❉❙▲ ✇✐t❤ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣

♦r ❡①t❡♥s✐❜❧❡ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✭❢♦r ❛❜str❛❝t t②♣❡✮ ❆ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ t②♣❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r✿

◮ ❋❋■ ❧✐❜r❛r✐❡s ◮ ❊❧✐♦♠✬s s❡r✈✐❝❡s

❉❡❜✉❣❣❡r ❡①♣❧♦r❡ t❤❡ ❤❡❛♣ ✇✐t❤ ✭❡①❛❝t✮ t②♣✐♥❣ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥

✸✴✶✸

▼❛✐♥ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ■s t❤❡r❡ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✜ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ✉s❛❣❡s ❄

◮ ✇❤✐❧❡ ♣r❡s❡r✈✐♥❣ ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐s❤❡❞ ◮ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐s❤❡❞ ✭❜✉t ♥♦t ❜② ♠✐st❛❦❡✮ ◮ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❝♦st

✹✴✶✸

❙♠❛❧❧ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ♣r✐♥t✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❧❡t r❡❝ ♣r✐♥t ✭t②♣❡ t✮ ✭t②✿ t t②✮ ✭✈✿ t✮ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ❤❡❛❞ t② ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ■♥t → ♣r✐♥t❴✐♥t ✈ ⑤ ❙tr✐♥❣ → ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ✈ ⑤ ▲✐st t② → ♣r✐♥t❴❧✐st ✭♣r✐♥t t②✮ ✈ ⑤ ✳✳✳ ⑤ ❙✉♠ ❞❡s❝ ❧❡t ✭♥❛♠❡✱ ❛r❣s✮ ❂ s✉♠❴❣❡t ❞❡s❝ ✈ ✐♥ ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ♥❛♠❡❀ ✐❢ ▲✐st✳❧❡♥❣t❤ ❛r❣s ❁❃ ✵ t❤❡♥ ♣r✐♥t❢ ✧✭✪❛✮✧ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❛r❣s ⑤ ✳✳✳ ⑤ ❆❜str❛❝t ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ✧❁❛❜str❛❝t❃✧ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❂ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ⑤ ❬❉②♥ ✭t②✱ ✈✮❪ ♣r✐♥t t② ✈ ⑤ ❉②♥ ✭t②✱ ✈✮ ✿✿ ❛r❣s ♣r✐♥t t② ✈❀ ♣r✐♥t❢ ✧✱✧❀ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❛r❣s ⑤ ❬❪ ❛ss❡rt ❢❛❧s❡

✹✴✶✸

❙♠❛❧❧ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ♣r✐♥t✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❧❡t r❡❝ ♣r✐♥t ✭t②♣❡ t✮ ✭t②✿ t t②✮ ✭✈✿ t✮ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ❤❡❛❞ t② ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ■♥t → ♣r✐♥t❴✐♥t ✈ ⑤ ❙tr✐♥❣ → ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ✈ ⑤ ▲✐st t② → ♣r✐♥t❴❧✐st ✭♣r✐♥t t②✮ ✈ ⑤ ❙✉♠ ❞❡s❝ → ❧❡t ✭♥❛♠❡✱ ❛r❣s✮ ❂ s✉♠❴❣❡t ❞❡s❝ ✈ ✐♥ ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ♥❛♠❡❀ ✐❢ ▲✐st✳❧❡♥❣t❤ ❛r❣s ❁❃ ✵ t❤❡♥ ♣r✐♥t❢ ✧✭✪❛✮✧ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❛r❣s ⑤ ✳✳✳ ⑤ ✳✳✳ ⑤ ❆❜str❛❝t ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ✧❁❛❜str❛❝t❃✧ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❂ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ⑤ ❬❉②♥ ✭t②✱ ✈✮❪ → ♣r✐♥t t② ✈ ⑤ ❉②♥ ✭t②✱ ✈✮ ✿✿ ❛r❣s → ♣r✐♥t t② ✈❀ ♣r✐♥t❢ ✧✱✧❀ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❛r❣s ⑤ ❬❪ → ❛ss❡rt ❢❛❧s❡

✹✴✶✸

❙♠❛❧❧ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ♣r✐♥t✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❧❡t r❡❝ ♣r✐♥t ✭t②♣❡ t✮ ✭t②✿ t t②✮ ✭✈✿ t✮ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ❤❡❛❞ t② ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ■♥t → ♣r✐♥t❴✐♥t ✈ ⑤ ❙tr✐♥❣ → ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ✈ ⑤ ▲✐st t② → ♣r✐♥t❴❧✐st ✭♣r✐♥t t②✮ ✈ ⑤ ❙✉♠ ❞❡s❝ → ❧❡t ✭♥❛♠❡✱ ❛r❣s✮ ❂ s✉♠❴❣❡t ❞❡s❝ ✈ ✐♥ ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ♥❛♠❡❀ ✐❢ ▲✐st✳❧❡♥❣t❤ ❛r❣s ❁❃ ✵ t❤❡♥ ♣r✐♥t❢ ✧✭✪❛✮✧ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❛r❣s ⑤ ✳✳✳ ⑤ ❆❜str❛❝t → ♣r✐♥t❴str✐♥❣ ✧❁❛❜str❛❝t❃✧ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❂ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ⑤ ❬❉②♥ ✭t②✱ ✈✮❪ → ♣r✐♥t t② ✈ ⑤ ❉②♥ ✭t②✱ ✈✮ ✿✿ ❛r❣s → ♣r✐♥t t② ✈❀ ♣r✐♥t❢ ✧✱✧❀ ♣r✐♥t❴❛r❣s ❛r❣s ⑤ ❬❪ → ❛ss❡rt ❢❛❧s❡

✺✴✶✸

❯s✐♥❣ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥✿ t②♣❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❆ t②♣❡ ❢♦r t②♣❡s✿ t❤❡ ♣r❡❞❡✜♥❡❞ t②♣❡ τ t②❀ ❆♥ s②♥t❛① ❢♦r t②♣❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥✿ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ τ✮ ♦❢ t②♣❡ τ t②✱ t❤❡ r✉♥t✐♠❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ τ✳ t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ t✮ ①

✻✴✶✸

❯s✐♥❣ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥✿ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t t②♣❡ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥ts ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t t②♣❡ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥ts✿ ♦♣t✐♦♥❛❧ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t❡❞ ❛t ❝❛❧❧✲s✐t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①♣❡❝t❡❞ t②♣❡✳ ✈❛❧ ♣r✐♥t✿ ❄t✿✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ α✮ → α → str✐♥❣ ❧❡t ♣r✐♥t ❄✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ t✮ ✭✈✿ t✮ ❂ ✳✳✳ t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ① ✭✯ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❛r❣ ✐s ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ t✮ ✯✮

✼✴✶✸

▼❛✐♥ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠✱ r❡❢♦r♠✉❧❛t❡❞✳ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠✐① ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥ ❄

◮ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r✐♥t✐♥❣ ❁❛❜str❛❝t❃ ◮ ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈❡♥ t❤❛t ❛ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡ ♠❛② ❤❛✈❡ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❞✐st✐♥❝t

❛❜str❛❝t r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ t②♣❡ ■◆❚❋ ❂ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✳✳✳ ❡♥❞ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ■▼P▲❊▼ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ✳✳✳ ❡♥❞ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ▼ ❂ ✭■▼P▲❊▼ ✿ ■◆❚❋✮ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ▼✷ ❂ ✭■▼P▲❊▼ ✿ ■◆❚❋✮

✽✴✶✸

❖♥❡ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥✿ ❡①t❡♥s✐❜❧❡ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ▼ ✿ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✈❛❧ ① ✿ t ❡♥❞ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ① ✭✯ ❞✐s♣❧❛②✿ ✏❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮✑ ✯✮ ❡♥❞ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ① ✭✯ ❞✐s♣❧❛②✿ ✏❁♦♣❛q✉❡❃✑ ✯✮ ✭❢✉♥ ① ✳✳✳✮ ❡♥❞ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ① ✭✯ ❞✐s♣❧❛②✿ ✏❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮✑ ✯✮ ▼❛② ❜❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t②♣❡✲✐♥❞❡①❡❞ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐♦♥ t❛❜❧❡✳

✽✴✶✸

❖♥❡ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥✿ ❡①t❡♥s✐❜❧❡ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ▼ ✿ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✈❛❧ ① ✿ t ❡♥❞ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ① ✭✯ ❞✐s♣❧❛②✿ ✏❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮✑ ✯✮ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ r❡❣✐st❡r❴♣r✐♥t❡r ✭❡①t❡r♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ t✮ ✭❢✉♥ ① → ✳✳✳✮ ❡♥❞ ❧❡t ✭✮ ❂ ♣r✐♥t ① ✭✯ ❞✐s♣❧❛②✿ ✏❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮✑ ✯✮ ▼❛② ❜❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t②♣❡✲✐♥❞❡①❡❞ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐♦♥ t❛❜❧❡✳

✾✴✶✸

❆❜str❛❝t t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ✭✶✴✸✮ ❲❤✐❝❤ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥✭s✮ ❄ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ t②♣❡ ■◆❚❋ ❂ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✈❛❧ ① ✿ t ❡♥❞ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ■▼P▲❊▼ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❡♥❞ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ✭■▼P▲❊▼ ✿ ■◆❚❋✮ ❧❡t ❝❛st ❄✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✭① ✿ ❛✮ ✿ ■▼P▲❊▼✳t ♦♣t✐♦♥ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ■▼P▲❊▼✳t✮ ❙♦♠❡ ✭① ✿ ■▼P▲❊▼✳t✮ ⑤ ❴ ◆♦♥❡

✾✴✶✸

❆❜str❛❝t t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ✭✶✴✸✮ ❲❤✐❝❤ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥✭s✮ ❄ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ t②♣❡ ■◆❚❋ ❂ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✈❛❧ ① ✿ t ❡♥❞ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ■▼P▲❊▼ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❡♥❞ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ✭■▼P▲❊▼ ✿ ■◆❚❋✮ ❧❡t ❝❛st ❄✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✭① ✿ ❛✮ ✿ ■▼P▲❊▼✳t ♦♣t✐♦♥ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ■▼P▲❊▼✳t✮ → ❙♦♠❡ ✭① ✿ ■▼P▲❊▼✳t✮ ⑤ ❴ → ◆♦♥❡

✾✴✶✸

❆❜str❛❝t t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ✭✶✴✸✮ ❲❤✐❝❤ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥✭s✮ ❄ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ t②♣❡ ■◆❚❋ ❂ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✈❛❧ ① ✿ t ❡♥❞ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ■▼P▲❊▼ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ❘ ♦❢ ✐♥t ✯ ✐♥t ⑤ ✳✳✳ ❧❡t ① ❂ ❘ ✭✷✷✱ ✼✮ ❧❡t ✐s❴t ❄✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✭① ✿ ❛✮ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ t✮ → tr✉❡ ⑤ ❴ → ❢❛❧s❡ ❡♥❞ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ✭■▼P▲❊▼ ✿ ■◆❚❋✮

✶✵✴✶✸

❆❜str❛❝t t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ✭✷✴✸✮ ❆❧✐❛s t②♣❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦ ♣r♦♣❡r ✐❞❡♥t✐t②✿ ♠♦❞✉❧❡ ▼ ✿ s✐❣ t②♣❡ t ✈❛❧ ① ✿ t ❡♥❞ ❂ str✉❝t t②♣❡ t ❂ ✐♥t ❧✐st ❧❡t ① ❂ ❬✶❀✷❀✸❪ ❡♥❞ ❧❡t ❝❛st ❄✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✭① ✿ ❛✮ ✿ ✐♥t ❧✐st ♦♣t✐♦♥ ❂ ♠❛t❝❤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ❛✮ ✇✐t❤ ⑤ ✭t②♣❡ ✈❛❧ ✐♥t ❧✐st✮ → ❙♦♠❡ ✭① ✿ ✐♥t ❧✐st✮ ⑤ ❴ → ◆♦♥❡

✶✶✴✶✸

❆❜str❛❝t t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥✿ s✉♠♠❛r②✳

• ❧♦❜❛❧ ❝♦♥t❡①t ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❝❛♥♦♥✐❝❛❧ ♥❛♠❡ ❢♦r t②♣❡ ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ♦✉ts✐❞❡

♦❢ t❤❡ ❝✉rr❡♥t ❝♦♠♣✐❧❛t✐♦♥ ✉♥✐t✿ ✐ts ❛❜s♦❧✉t❡ ♣❛t❤✳ ❲✐s❤ ❇② ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥s✐st❡♥t❧② ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s ♥❡✇ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡s✳ ❇✉t✱ ❤♦✇ t♦ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❛❧❧✮ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♥❛♠❡✭s✮ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✐✈❡♥ t②♣❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ✐ts ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❛t✐♦♥ ✉♥✐t✴str✉❝t✉r❡ ❄ Pr❛❣♠❛t✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♠❛♥✉❛❧ ♦r s❡♠✐✲❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ✏t②♣❡ ♥❛♠❡s✑ tr❛❝❦ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ ✉s❛❣❡ ♦❢ t②♣❡ ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ s✐❣♥❛t✉r❡ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣❧②

✶✶✴✶✸

❆❜str❛❝t t②♣❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥✿ s✉♠♠❛r②✳

• ❧♦❜❛❧ ❝♦♥t❡①t ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❝❛♥♦♥✐❝❛❧ ♥❛♠❡ ❢♦r t②♣❡ ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ♦✉ts✐❞❡

♦❢ t❤❡ ❝✉rr❡♥t ❝♦♠♣✐❧❛t✐♦♥ ✉♥✐t✿ ✐ts ❛❜s♦❧✉t❡ ♣❛t❤✳ ❲✐s❤ ❇② ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥s✐st❡♥t❧② ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s ♥❡✇ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ t②♣❡s✳ ❇✉t✱ ❤♦✇ t♦ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❛❧❧✮ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♥❛♠❡✭s✮ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✐✈❡♥ t②♣❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ✐ts ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❛t✐♦♥ ✉♥✐t✴str✉❝t✉r❡ ❄ Pr❛❣♠❛t✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♠❛♥✉❛❧ ♦r s❡♠✐✲❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ✏t②♣❡ ♥❛♠❡s✑

◮ tr❛❝❦ ♥♦♠✐♥❛❧ ✉s❛❣❡ ♦❢ t②♣❡ ◮ ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ s✐❣♥❛t✉r❡ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣❧②

✶✷✴✶✸

❇❡❤✐♥❞ t❤❡ s❝❡♥❡ ❆♥ ✉♥s❛❢❡ t②♣❡ ❢♦r t②♣❡ t②♣❡ ✉t② ❂ ⑤ ❉❚❴❇♦♦❧ ⑤ ❉❚❴■♥t ⑤ ❉❚❴▲✐st ♦❢ ✉t② ✳✳✳ ⑤ ❉❚❴❈♦♥str ♦❢ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✯ ✉t② ❧✐st ⑤ ❉❚❴❱❛r ♦❢ ✈❛r❴✐❞ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❂ ④ ❞❡❝❧❴✐❞ ❂ ✐❞❀ ♣❛r❛♠s ❂ ✈❛r❴✐❞ ❧✐st❀ ❦✐♥❞ ❂ ❦✐♥❞❀ ⑥ ❛♥❞ ❦✐♥❞ ❂ ❉❚❴❙✉♠ ♦❢ ✳✳✳ ⑤ ❉❚❴❘❡❝♦r❞ ♦❢ ✳✳✳ ❆❜s♦❧✉t❡ ♣❛t❤ ❛s t②♣❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛♥❞ ✐❞ ❂ str✐♥❣ ❧✐st ✯ str✐♥❣

✶✸✴✶✸

❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥✿ ✇❤❛t✬s ✇♦r❦✐♥❣ ❄

◮ ❘✉♥t✐♠❡ t②♣❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ♥❛♠❡s ◮ ❆ ●❆❉❚ ❢♦r str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ◮ ❚②♣❡✲❝♦♥str✉❝t♦r ✐♥❞❡①❡❞ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐♦♥ t❛❜❧❡ ◮ ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t t②♣❡ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t

◮ ❧✐❣❤t✇❡✐❣❤t s②♥t❛① ❢♦r ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♣♦❧②t②♣✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ◮ ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t t②♣❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❢♦r ♣♦❧②♠♦r♣❤✐❝ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥