T H E A B O R I G I N A L A N D T O R R E S S T R A I T I S L A - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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May 08, 2023 136 likes •244 views

T H E A B O R I G I N A L A N D T O R R E S S T R A I T I S L A N D E R M I C R O B I O M E R E F L E C T S L O N G T E R M C O N N E C T I O N T O C O U N T R Y Laura S Weyrich Associate Professor, Pennsylvania State University Adjunt

SLIDE 1

T H E A B O R I G I N A L A N D T O R R E S S T R A I T I S L A N D E R M I C R O B I O M E R E F L E C T S L O N G T E R M C O N N E C T I O N T O C O U N T R Y

Laura S Weyrich Associate Professor, Pennsylvania State University Adjunt Associate Professor, University of Adelaide

SLIDE 2

Open University

Microbiota: the microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that live in the body

>50% of total cells; >1,000 species; 1.4 kg of body weight

H U M A N H E A LT H M AY B E T I G H T LY L I N K E D T O O U R M I C R O B I A L H E A LT H

Microbiome:

the genetic and environmental content of the microbiota present in the body 2-5 million genes per individual; 99% of your genetic makeup!

SLIDE 3

M I C R O B I O TA P L AY K E Y F U N C T I O N S

Food Digestion Drug Metabolism Immune System Development Infectious Disease Protection Vitamin Production Detoxify OBESITY, Malnutrition Pregnancy Issues Organ function Dosage Effects and Toxicity Toxicity Salmonella or whooping cough Diabetes, Allergy, IBD, Eczema, Periodontal disease

SLIDE 4

Diet
Home
Job
Chemical Exposure
Human Interac9ons
Pets
Medical Treatment
Pollu9on
Seasonality

E N V I R O N M E N T I M PA C T S T H E M I C R O B I O M E

Industrial/European Traditional

Hygiene hypothesis
Old Friends hypothesis
Biodiversity hypothesis
Widespread Antibiotic use

SLIDE 5

D R A S T I C C H A N G E S I N E N V I R O N M E N T I N A U S T R A L I A

aihw.gov.au

X 5 X 5

SLIDE 6

I M PA C T S O N H U M A N H E A LT H - I N D I G E N O U S P E O P L E S

Aboriginal Australian European Descent

Handsley-Davis, Kapellas, Hedges, Jamieson, and Weyrich. In Review.

Aboriginal*Australian* European*Descent*

Bacteriodetes* Proteobacteria*

Increased diversity
Novel oral species (Endomicrobium) from environment

SLIDE 7

Early Childhood Caries in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Children

>80% of children have

active caries (cavities) compared to <20% of non-Indigenous Children

Identify microorganisms

linked to severe caries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 65 76 142 240 292 331 354 15 22 27 60 62 64 81 90 95 118 125 130 146 184 211 222 256 296 316 359 393 34 55 220 271 291 326 48 120 133 135 152 158 185 192 225 272 309 337 459 631 28 58 134 147 150 153 157 165 166 169 171 172 179 181 198 199 205 212 218 223 231 232 236 237 245 246 266 281 288 297 298 332 335 343 349 355 358 381 412 424 436 602 607 189 193 194 195 276 286 294 348 405 421 601 614

Relative Abundance Saliva Samples

Actinomyces Aggregatibacter Fusobacterium Granulicatella Haemophilus Leptotrichia Neisseria Oribacterium Porphyromonas Prevotella Rothia Streptococcus Unverified Prevotella Unclassified Gemellaceae Veillonella Other genera <1% sequences Control Group

Caucasian children = Streptococcus mutans
Indigenous children = Lactobacillus salivarus, L. reuteri, Prevotella

multisaccharivorax, and Mitsuokella HMT

Two species linked to periodontal disease in adults

Skelly, et al. In Review.

SLIDE 8

How do we ‘rewild’ our microbiomes?

No one knows for sure…
Dietary change
High fiber diet?
Fermented foods?
Acids?
Environmental exposure
Birth?
Outdoor activity?
Animal exposure?
Farms? or Hay

Exposure?

TheHealthCultur Mills, et al., 2016

SLIDE 9

T H A N K Y O U ! l s w 1 3 2 @ p s u . e d u @ l s w e y r i c h