Sven Koschinski, Volker Dierschke & Julia Carlstrm HELCOM SEAL - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

Sven Koschinski, Volker Dierschke & Julia Carlström HELCOM SEAL 11, Göteborg 4-6 October 2017

Photo: N. Olivier

SLIDE 2

• Principle of the indicator
• Provisional assessment
• Some problems with underlying data
• Regulatory framework
• The way forward: Mission impossible?
• HELCOM data needs

Photo: K. Skora

SLIDE 3

High risk areas Fishing effort By- catch rate

Compare by-catch numbers against threshold value

Photo: Australian Fisheries Management Authority, graph: Kindt-Larsen et al. 2016, artwork: Jaqueline Rothschies

SLIDE 4

Species chosen for provisional assessment

• Harbour porpoise
• Long-tailed duck
• Greater scaup
• Common guillemot

Reasons Best data availability Removal targets formulated in agreements or former studies More species to be added when data/targets become available

Photos: Wikipedia

SLIDE 5

Assessment value Incidental catch [hunting,

• iling]

harbour porpoise Baltic Proper population Reported: 66 (1990-2009), 1(2014) harbour porpoise Western Baltic, Belt Sea and Kattegat population

SCANS III census area corresponds to tentative population area (Sveegaard et

• al. 2015) but area with bycatch estimate

does not

1,0% of ‚best population estimate‘ SCANS III abundance estimate

• vs. ICES WGBYC bycatch

estimate for ICES rectangles 21, 22 and 23: 0.26 to 0.92 % of the abundance estimate (combined 95 % confidence

interval for abundance and incidental by- catch rate)

long-tailed duck Western Palearctic population PBR=22.600 22.000 [24.000, tens of thousands] greater scaup Western Palearctic population PBR=3.700 2000 in NL, X western Baltic [>2000,?] common guillemot Baltic-breeding population PBR=620 1500

SLIDE 6

Kattegat (DK, SE) Great Belt (DK, DE) The Sound (DK, SE) Kiel Bay (DE, DK) Bay of Mecklenburg (DE, DK) Arkona Basin (SE, DK, DE) Bornholm Basin (SE, DK, DE, PL) Gdansk Basin (PL, RU) Eastern Gotland Basin (SE, PL, RU. LT, LV, EE) Western Gotland Basin (SE) Gulf of Riga (LV, EE) Northern Baltic Proper (SE, FI EE) Gulf of Finland (FI, RU, EE) Aland Sea (SE, FI) Bothnian Sea (SE, FI) The Quark (SE, FI) Bothnian Bay (SE, FI)

harbour porpoise Baltic Proper population x x x x x ? ? x ? ? ? harbour porpoise Kattegat/Belt Sea/Western Baltic population x x x x x x ? greater scaup ? x ? x x ? x x ? ? x ? ? long-tailed duck x ? ? x x ? x x x ? x x x ? ? common guillemot x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x One-out-all-out

x = incidental catches proven, ? = incidental catches remain to be shown (overlap of distribution with gillnet fisheries) uncertainties in estimated population size and pressure -> bycatch rate close to the tentative threshold does not imply a good or bad status

SLIDE 7

Bycatch assessment must also take other causes of anthropogenic mortality into account: collisions, detonations, contaminants, oiling, hunting, ghost nets for which data is also lacking Bird by-catch data is not recent (thus also compared to not recent abundance data), some populations in heavy decline PBR method is an initial and rapid assessment tool for waterbird bycatch which needs testing and validation before it can be considered reliable. Bycatch monitoring for Baltic proper harbour porpoise population would need ~100 % coverage or trustful self-reporting which is unlikely. Bycatch estimate of Western Baltic harbour porpoise population lacks reliable effort data and uses only one catch rate for rectangles 21, 22 and 23 Complicated regulatory framework, often combined with a lack of political will is an

• bstacle for the collection of more reliable data.

Photos: R. Borcherding, J. Haelters

SLIDE 8

Baltic Sea Action Plan BSAP EcoQO EUPoA Seabirds

environmental targets

Regulation 1224/2009 Control Regulation

Baltic Sea Advisory Council BSAC

Council Regulation 2005/2187 Baltic Sea Technical Measures Regulation Council & Parliament Regulation 1380 / 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy

Data Collection – Multiannual Plan DC-MAP

Habitats Directive Annexes II & IV Marine Strategy Framework Directive MSFD

Commission Regulation 2244 / 2003

• n detailed provisions

regarding Vessel Monitoring Systems

ASCOBANS Birds Directive Annex I

Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries STECF

Parliament and Council Regulation on conservation of fishery resources and the protection of ecosystems through technical measures

COM Decision

European PARLIAMENT

environmental policy - fisheries policy Regional Seas Conventions

European COMMISSION DG MARE DG ENVIRONMENT

European COUNCIL

North Sea Advisory Council NSAC M6 Bycatch Indicator

CORE Indicator

Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear

National interests OSPAR HELCOM Bycatch resolution

Jastarnia Plan GAP Area Plan

North Sea Conservatio n Plan

measures National implementation

• Art. 8

Guidance

Council Regulation

812/ 2004

Measures concerning incidental catches of cetaceans

DC-MAP Regional Coordination Meeting „RCM Baltic“

CMS

(Convention

• n Migratory

Species)

AEWA

Baltic Sea Fisheries Forum BALTFISH (highlevel

group of national fisheries directors)

KÜFO SH

Coastal Fisheries Regulation

KÜFVO MV

Coastal Fisheries Regulation

Seefischerei-

• rdnung

Sea Fishing Regulation

BNatSchG

Federal Nature Conservation Act

LNatSchG SH

State Nature Conservation Act

NatSchAG MV

Nature Conservation Implementation Law

By- catch data

Voluntary agreement MELUR (SH) CLA

• r

PVA International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES

DC-MAP National Work Plan National interests

OSPAR/HELCOM/ ICES Expert Group on Seabirds

JWGBIRD Working Group

• n Marine

Mammal Ecology

WGMME

Working Group on Bycatch of Protected Species WGBYC

Scientific advice

national legislation environment --- fisheries

Federal level State level

The ??? of EU fisheries policies related to by-catch of protected species

SLIDE 9

Baltic Sea Action Plan BSAP EcoQO EUPoA Seabirds

environmental targets

Regulation 1224/2009 Control Regulation

Baltic Sea Advisory Council BSAC

Council Regulation 2005/2187 Baltic Sea Technical Measures Regulation Council & Parliament Regulation 1380 / 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy

Data Collection – Multiannual Plan DC-MAP

Habitats Directive Annexes II & IV Marine Strategy Framework Directive MSFD

Commission Regulation 2244 / 2003

• n detailed provisions

regarding Vessel Monitoring Systems

ASCOBANS Birds Directive Annex I

Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries STECF

COM Decision

European PARLIAMENT

environmental policy - fisheries policy Regional Seas Conventions

European COMMISSION DG MARE DG ENVIRONMENT

European COUNCIL

North Sea Advisory Council NSAC

CORE Indicator

Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear

National interests OSPAR HELCOM Bycatch resolution

Jastarnia Plan GAP Area Plan

North Sea Conservatio n Plan

measures National implementation

• Art. 8

Guidance

Council Regulation

812/ 2004

Measures concerning incidental catches of cetaceans

DC-MAP Regional Coordination Meeting „RCM Baltic“

CMS

(Convention

• n Migratory

Species)

AEWA

Baltic Sea Fisheries Forum BALTFISH (highlevel

group of national fisheries directors)

KÜFO SH

Coastal Fisheries Regulation

KÜFVO MV

Coastal Fisheries Regulation

Seefischerei-

• rdnung

Sea Fishing Regulation

BNatSchG

Federal Nature Conservation Act

LNatSchG SH

State Nature Conservation Act

NatSchAG MV

Nature Conservation Implementation Law

By- catch data

CLA

• r

PVA International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES

DC-MAP National Work Plan National interests Working Group

• n Marine

Mammal Ecology

WGMME Scientific advice

national legislation environment --- fisheries

Federal level State level

The ??? of EU fisheries policies related to by-catch monitoring

Voluntary agreement MELUR (SH) Working Group on Bycatch of Protected Species WGBYC OSPAR/HELCOM/ ICES Expert Group on Seabirds

JWGBIRD M6 Bycatch Indicator

Parliament and Council Regulation on conservation of fishery resources and the protection of ecosystems through technical measures

SLIDE 10

Dedicated monitoring needed, but costly DCF (observer) monitoring focuses on fishing methods with highest landings (i.e. trawl fishery rather than static net fishery). This must be accounted for and adapted in DCF contracts between EU and Member States. 812/2004 monitoring of cetacean bycatch also focuses mainly on trawlers (monitoring of vessels >15m, <2% of vessels in the Baltic Sea). DRAFT Technical Measures Regulation (to replace 812/2004) does not address this. Species table in DC-MAP is often perceived as ‘wish list’ to pick from. Others understand it as obligation. Funding of additional obligations must be secured. Effort monitoring in meaningful parameters needed, also small vessels and recreational fisheries. Development of catch limit algorithm CLA or population viability analysis PVA (some parameters already available), quantify other sources of mortality

SLIDE 11

HELCOM data needs to assess incidental by-catches, and fisheries impact on benthic biotopes in the Baltic Sea Following HELCOM FISH-5 a draft document on HELCOM data needs regarding the impact of fisheries on marine resources was prepared. It addresses the lack of data on mammal and bird bycatch and effort data in fisheries using static gears. It also deals with fisheries impact on benthic biotopes. It has been further developed at FISH-6 and in an online meeting of FISH and STATE & CONSERVATION representatives. It will again be discussed at FISH-7 in November.

• Document acts as an inventory of data gaps needed for Bycatch Indicator (Core) and

Cumulative Impact Indicator (pre-Core)

• To inform about needs to fulfil HELCOM commitments in the frame of the MSFD
• Make best use of funds available for monitoring
• To ensure possible synergies of fisheries and environmental data collection (EFARO1,

marine directors meeting)

• Option for HELCOM to participate in the process of regionalisation (RCG Baltic)?
• Expert input to fisheries management and national authorities in charge of DCF

needed from

1: European Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Organisations

SLIDE 12

Any questions

• r suggestions?

Photo: Sten Stockmann, badewanne