Sustainable Traffic Development in Sustainable Traffic Development - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sustainable Traffic Development in Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania Tirana City, Albania

Marieta Marieta Mima Mima Director, ECAT Tirana Director, ECAT Tirana

ECAT Tirana

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Some background information on Albania Some background information on Albania environment environment

Albania is a small country, 28,748 km2, situated in south-

eastern Europe at the western part of the Balkan Peninsula

The natural landscape and biodiversity in general and beautiful

coastline in particular - major assets of Albania

Nevertheless this is seriously hindered by the present state of

environment

Poor infrastructure - critical factor impacting on environment

and health.

Territorial adjustment plans prepared by MoPWTT cover only

urban development with little regard for environment

Almost no integrated, environmental-lead planning studies

involving the MoEFWA in the planning process exist

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Some background information on Albania environment Some background information on Albania environment

Current state of affairs in the relevant sectors

• A dramatic increase in number of cars imported into the country

(from 2000 to 2005, the overall vehicle fleet, including motorcycles, went from 185,000 to 264,000).

• Air pollution caused by the transport sector is mainly due to both

characteristics of the vehicle fleet and the quality of oil products

• More than 80% of the cars are equipped with old diesel engines,
• There are only nine air monitoring sites in the whole country, that

mainly due to problems on financing the monitoring programme (equipment and sample transport).

• The data from the existing network show that SPM and PM10

parameters in urban air are dangerously above the WHO guidelines and nitrite and ozone content increases proportionally with the number of vehicles.

• Tirana has no efficient urban public transport

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Traffic Trends in Albania Traffic Trends in Albania

• The increasing
• f vehicles in the

beginning of the 90th An actual increasing rate for the traffic of 30 % per year. The fraction of the vehicles in Tirana is roughly 60 % of the total in Albania.

20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Cars Lorries Buses Other

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Traffic Impact in Air Pollution Levels in Tirana Traffic Impact in Air Pollution Levels in Tirana

Traffic and construction activities are the main factors of increased air pollution in Tirana

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Level of the air pollution Level of the air pollution

The particulate matter (PM10) as a major pollutant in the city of Tirana .

100 200 300 400 500 600 2001 2002 2003 2004 PM10 SO2 NO2 O3

Level of some of air pollutants for one measurement point in Tirana, considered as a hot spot

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Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania City, Albania

Overall Project Objective To improve the traffic situation in Tirana city

Key Components

• Preparation of an Integrated Urban Traffic Concept;
• Development of a strategy for the measurement of traffic-related air

pollution;

• Enhancing professional experience of traffic management through
• rganizing training courses for key staff;
• Raising public awareness of traffic-related environmental impacts.

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Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania City, Albania

Financed by: EU/LIFE Third Countries Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature, Conservation and Nuclear safety of Germany Partners: Municipality of Tirana Ministry of Environment Forest and Water Administration of Albania Institute of Public Health of Albania Ministry of Transport/Institute of Transport Institute of Environment of Albania

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Component 2: Component 2:

Evaluation of Evaluation of traffic-related Air Pollution Air Pollution Objective :

A comprehensive strategy for the measurement of traffic- related air pollution will be elaborated and implemented to get a set of samples and data, which are statistically safe and comparable to Western limit and guideline values Activities: Elaboration of strategies for emission reduction a) elaboration of an action plan for short term solutions with a list of priorities for emission reduction b) elaboration of the most effective measures for emission reduction (from the financial point of view) also considering possible legal measures and enhanced enforcement c) elaboration of a long term action plan for emission reduction.

Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania City, Albania

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Current status of air quality monitoring in Albania (some Current status of air quality monitoring in Albania (some findings) findings)

Serious need to upgrade the monitoring system. The monitoring information obtained from scientific research and

monitoring institutes, subcontracted by the MoEFWA, is not systematically organised

None of the organisations providing monitoring data to the

MoEFWA is accredited.

The State of the Environment Reports published bi-annually by the

MoE is based only on the data obtained as MS Word files.

Databases of raw data allowing for independent interpretation or

evaluation of the results in terms of their quality do not exist.

The information flow by electronic means among the ministries and

between the national and local offices is underdeveloped.

The information flow in its present form is certainly not focused on

producing elements for decision-making in environmental management

12 The photos show one sampling point in Tirana with some equipment for passive samplers in a height of

• approx. 3.5 m.

This method could be used for getting orienting values for NO2 and SO2 (calibration is needed). The sampler for particulates (PM10) has been installed at the balcony (behind the steel rods). Sampling equipment at another measuring point in Tirana (suspended particles, passive samplers)

One of sampling point in Tirana in a height of approx. 3.5 m One of sampling point in Tirana in a height of approx. 3.5 m

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Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Air Quality Monitoring in Albania

This sampling equipment for PM10 and suspended particles (pump, impingers, gas washing flasks, gas meter) allows low volume sampling (max. 4 l/min) only. Due to the age (approx. 40 years old) the reliability of the equipment and values is week.

The used equipment and applied

methodologies do not meet the requirements

• f Western standards or respecting EU-

Directives.

The main reason for the deviations referring

the above mentioned standards is the

• bsolete sampling equipment.

The instrumentation of laboratories and

sampling devices are not sufficient to perform samplings according to the EU-Directives.

To avoid manipulation or even demolition of

the sampling devices, the equipment was fixed in heights of approx. 10 m or was placed in protected areas like balconies.

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Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Air Quality Monitoring in Albania

Current system of monitoring

Low number of values, no system to control their accuracy and the statistical methods used not reliable No possibility to calibrate passive samplers, values for air pollutants are not validated, There is no automatic monitoring station Lack of technical training, intercalibration exercises and join programmes with EU partner organization Used equipment and applied methodologies for air pollution monitoring are not equivalent to EU Directives,

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Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Air Quality Monitoring in Albania

Current system of monitoring:

• The simple sampling equipment as defined in our project is not

acceptable.

• it is mandatory to perform high quality measurement for the

evaluation of the air quality.To implement the required standard of equipment according to the EU-Directives, the budget for the equipment must be extended from 80.000 € to 250.000 €.

• The implementation of the required equipment according to the EU-

Directives allows:

• the determination whether the air quality is adequate to protect the

health of Tirana's inhabitants

• provides the platform from which to develop strategies to improve

the air quality and traffic situation in Tirana.

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Measurement Measurement of

• f traffic-related Air Pollution

Air Pollution

Donated measuring equipment

Due to the age (approx. 40 years old) the reliability

• f the present equipment installed in IES and values is

week

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Measurement Measurement of

• f traffic-related Air Pollution

Air Pollution

Acquiring equipments for air pollution measurement Federal Environmental Agency of Germany willing to donate two monitoring containers, Need for calibration and refurbishing costing around 39,000 euros Other costs include transportation to Albania, custom duties, VAT, installation costs, Building permition to install the equipment to be issued by the Municipality of Tirana. Ownership of the equipments in the future Meetings with different officials levels of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration, Institute of Environment, Institute

• f Public Health, MoT

Aiming cooperation with the Environmental Monitoring Project (CARDS) Meetings and correspondence with team leader and experts of the CARDS project, official of EC Delegation, Life deputy head National Air Quality Reference Centre / monitoring instiutte

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Limit values for air pollutants Limit values for air pollutants

The pollutants mentioned in the national law:

• Particulate matter (aerosol, fog, smoke, dust) PM10
• Sulphur dioxide, SO2
• Carbon monoxide, CO
• Ozone, O3
• Lead (particulates), Pb
• Nitrogen oxides NOX

Limit values of standard SPM PM10 SO2 NO2 O3 Pb Albania [µg/m³] VKM No. 803, 2003 140 70 60 60 120 1.0 EU-Directives [µg/m³] Council Directive 96/62/EC and daughter directives 80 40 20 40 110 0.5

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Policy framework Policy framework

• NEAP developed in 1993 with support from both the World Bank and

EU/PHARE and approved by the Government in 1994, was the first step in a formal environmental management at the national level. It has since been updated by the Government in January 2002

• DCM (2002) defines the indicators, as well as responsibilities and duties
• f various agencies and bodies
• Environmental Protection Law
• Law on Air protection
• Law on Gaseous emissions standards

Some attempts of integration into other sectors of activities

• The common order of the MoEFWA and MoPWTT (2004) on the

permitted values of air pollution substances in environment, gas discharges and noises from road vehicles and the method to control them

• Law on taxation (1998) MoF – addittional tax for the import used vehicle

compared to the tax on new cars