Sustainable Groundwater Sustainable Groundwater Management in Asia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

5th WorldWaterForum,Istanbul2009

Sustainable Groundwater SustainableGroundwater Management in Asia ManagementinAsia

TetsuoKuyama/SangamShrestha

FreshwaterProject(FW) InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES)

OurExperienceonGroundwaterManagement

SustainableWaterResourcesManagementPolicyinAsianCities (SWMP)

StudyArea OurGoal Toproposeintegratedpolicydesignsfor p p g p y g sustainablewaterresourcemanagementin urbanandperiurbanareasinAsiawith consideration given to the current socio considerationgiventothecurrentsocio economicstatusanditspredictedchanges duringthenexttenyears PhaseI:April2004~ March2007: ResearchTarget p Groundwaterquantityissues PhaseII:April2007~ : G d t lit i

C d d S 2

Groundwaterqualityissues

Case study cities under SWMP

IssuesonGroundwaterUseinAsianCities

M j bl l d i h d i A i i i MajorproblemsrelatedwithgroundwateruseinmanyAsiancities are:

<Issues due to overexploitation of groundwater> <Issuesduetooverexploitationofgroundwater> Depletioningroundwatertable Landsubsidence Salinewaterintrusion <Issuesongroundwatercontamination> HumanHealthDamage

dd dd

AbandonmentofWellleadingtoDecreaseofWaterAvailability

Inaddition,CLIMATECHANGEimpactmayaddexistingpressureon groundwaterbyi)impedingrechargecapacities;ii)beingcalledonto fill eventual gaps in surface water availability due to increased filleventualgapsinsurfacewateravailabilityduetoincreased variabilityinprecipitation;iii)groundwatercontamination.

SituationofGroundwaterQuantityManagementin Bangkok Bangkok

<Issuesduetooverexploitationofgroundwaterandpolicyresponse>

Issue:

• Depletioningroundwatertable
• Landsubsidence

S li i i

• Salinewaterintrusion

Response: P i i t f d t

• Permissionsystemofgroundwateruse
• Phaseoutofgroundwateruseasa

sourceofpublicwatersupply

• Enhancement of public water supply
• Enhancementofpublicwatersupply

systems

• Groundwater usercharge
• Groundwater preservation charge in

Groundwaterpreservationchargein criticalarea ImpactofLandsubsidenceinBangkok

4

SituationofGroundwaterQualityManagementin Tianjin Tianjin

<Issuesongroundwatercontaminationandpolicyresponse>

Issue:

• Healthimpactoffluoridecontamination

Response:

• Treatmentofcontaminatedgroundwater (MembraneFiltration)

Source: Reportonthe DistributionLawand FormationMechanisms

• f the Major Poll tants

5

FluoridecontaminationinTianjin

• ftheMajorPollutants

inTianjinGroundwater

GroundwatertreatmentplantinTianjin

PolicyRecommendations

Regulation of groundwater abstraction is a powerful policy tool to mitigate the

• verexploitation of groundwater. In order to enhance the enforcement of the

/ groundwater regulation, economical incentive/disincentive measures such as groundwater charge and provision

• f

alternative water resource to groundwater should be implemented at the same time. Rational use of water, such as water reuse and recycling of wastewater, ought to be more of a priority in comprehensive water management policy, especially p y p g p y, p y for the industrial sector which is the major groundwater user and has growing water demands. Groundwater quality management only by central government is now facing difficulties in implementation, because groundwater contamination is site specific issue For better groundwater management a new framework of specific issue. For better groundwater management, a new framework of groundwater quality management should be developed in the respect of decentralization and stakeholder involvement.

6

EffectivenessofGroundwaterChargeinBangkok

3.5 18

• (Baht/m3)

Groundwater Act Cabinet Resolution

2 5 3.0 15

supply volume

2.0 2.5 9 12

supply volume by MWA GW preservation charge

1.0 1.5 6 9 0 0 0.5 3

total abstraction volume GW Charge

0.0 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

7

GroundwaterusechargeandgroundwaterabstractioninBangkok

AlternativeWatertoGroundwaterinOsakaCity

(IGES Policy Brief #4 March 2006)

Groundwater use by industries was alternated to surface water provided by the Industrial Water Supply Works (IWSW) in Osaka City

8 (IGES Policy Brief #4, March 2006)

DependencyofGroundwaterandRecycledwaterin Industrial Sector in Japan IndustrialSectorinJapan

100%

Osaka, Recycled Japan, Recycled Tokyo, Recycled

50%

Japan, Groundwater

0% 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

Osaka, Groundwater Tokyo, Groundwater

Percentage of groundwater and recycled water in industrial sector (Tokyo, Osaka, Japan)

Thankyou

10