SUPPORT UNIT Biological Weapons Convention Implementation Support - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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Preventing WMD terrorism: Improving national security through integration and coordination

Richard Lennane Biological Weapons Convention Implementation Support Unit

• the biological weapons example -

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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BWC – FACTS & FIGURES

• Entered into force in 1975
• 162 States Parties (newest member: UAE!)
• 13 Signatories
• 20 States not party
• Depositories: Russia, UK, USA

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT BWC – KEY PROVISIONS

To do all of the above in a way that encourages the peaceful uses

• f biological science and technology

Article X To assist States which have been exposed to a danger as a result

• f a violation of the BWC

Article VII To request the UN Security Council to investigate alleged breaches of the BWC and to comply with its subsequent decisions Article VI To consult bilaterally and multilaterally to solve any problems with the implementation of the BWC Article V To take any national measures necessary to implement the provisions of the BWC domestically Article IV Not to transfer, or in any way assist, encourage or induce anyone else to acquire or retain biological weapons Article III To destroy or divert to peaceful purposes biological weapons and associated resources prior to joining Article II Never under any circumstances to acquire or retain biological weapons Article I

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT WMD PREVENTION – THE ‘OLD’ VISION

Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty International Atomic Energy Agency

Chemical Weapons

Chemical Weapons Convention

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

Biological Weapons

Biological Weapons Convention

?

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT WMD PREVENTION – THE ‘OLD’ MECHANISM

Treaty Organisation State State State State State

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT A NEW VISION – THE SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL RISK

Natural disease

• utbreak

Deliberate use of BW Unintended consequences Accidents Vandalism, sabotage Negligence

WHO BWC “We must look at [the BWC] as part of an interlinked array of tools, designed to deal with an interlinked array of problems” – Kofi Annan, 2006

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT THE SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL RISK – NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Natural disease

• utbreak

Deliberate use of BW Unintended consequences Accidents Vandalism, sabotage Negligence

Health Defence Police Agriculture Education

Growing need for coordination and cooperation among government agencies

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT A NEW VISION – THE SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL RISK

Nat Natural ral Accidental ccidental Deliberate eliberate BIORISK BIORISK Global Global Individual Individual IMPACT IMPACT

Influenza Pandemic Rinderpest Outbreak in Free area My last cold Accidental Anthrax Outbreak Infecting myself with a cold Biological Warfare Bioterrorism Biocrime Accidental spread

• f Ebola

UNSCR 1540 INTERPOL UN GLOBAL COUNTER TERRORISM STRATEGY UNICRI CBRN TRAFFICKING OECD BIOSECURITY EFFORTS OIE WHO

BWC BWC

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT

National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT WMD PREVENTION – THE ‘OLD’ MECHANISM

Treaty Organisation State State State State State

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT

National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT A NEW VISION – THE NETWORK, OR ‘WEB OF PREVENTION’

BWC State State

WHO FAO OIE SCR 1540 INTERPOL Professional associations Industry Scientific

• rganizations

ISU / BWC

work program

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT SOME COMPONENTS OF THE NETWORK

• BWC (including work program and ISU)
• UNSCR 1540 (and Committee)
• WHO, OIE and FAO
• INTERPOL (bioterrorism program)
• OECD (biosecurity project)
• Regional bodies (EU, AU, ASEAN, OAS, GCC)
• Scientific, academic and professional
• rganizations

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT COMPONENTS – UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1540

• Adopted 2004, renewed 1673 (2006) and 1810 (2008)

– imposes binding obligations on all States to establish domestic controls – prevents proliferation of NCB weapons by establishing controls over related materials – encourages enhanced international cooperation – promotes universal adherence to WMD treaties

• Committee under UN Security Council
• Supported by group of experts
• Committee maintains database on implementation
• Committee acts as a clearing house for assistance

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT COMPONENTS – INTERPOL

• INTERPOL Bioterrorism Program started in

2004 to:

– raise awareness of the threat – develop police training programs – strengthen efforts to enforce existing legislation – promote the development of new legislation – encourage inter-agency co-

• peration on bioterrorism

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT COMPONENTS – WHO, OIE and FAO

• WHO, OIE and FAO set standards and guidelines on

biosafety and biosecurity, and offer: – manuals, reference materials and online resources – advice, training and capacity-building

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT COMPONENTS – OECD

• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

work on biotechnology oversight and biosecurity: – OECD Best Practice Guidelines for Biosecurity in BRCs (2007) – Risk assessment and management – International Futures Program to provide global information on

• versight mechanisms and codes

(www.biosecuritycodes.org)

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT MECHANISM – BWC WORK PROGRAM

• Adopted by 6th Review Conference in 2006 to “discuss,

and promote common understanding and effective action on” specific topics related to better implementation of the BWC

• Runs from 2007 to 2010 (7th RevCon in 2011)
• Two meetings each year: Meeting of Experts mid-year;

Meeting of States Parties in December

• Wide range of participants: objective is sharing

information and experience, identifying best practices, improving effectiveness of the BWC

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT

National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT MECHANISM – BWC WORK PROGRAM NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION REGIONAL ACTIVITIES RESPONSE TO USE OR THREAT OF USE BIOSAFETY & BIOSECURITY OVERSIGHT, EDUCATION & OUTREACH CAPACITY BUILDING FOR DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND CONTAINMENT

2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010

IMPLEMENTATION

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT FRAMEWORK – UN GLOBAL COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGY

(www.un.org/terrorism/strategy-counter-terrorism.shtml)

• Adopted in General Assembly 8 September 2006
• No internationally recognised definition of terrorism
• To enhance national, regional and international efforts to

counter terrorism

• Principles (5 ‘D’s):

– to dissuade disaffected groups from choosing terrorism as a tactic to achieve their goals; – to deny terrorists the means to carry out their attacks; – to deter States from supporting terrorists; – to develop State capacity to prevent terrorism; and – to defend human rights in the struggle against terrorism.

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT APPLICATION – BWC DISSUADES & DENIES

Dissuades

• International legal norm
• Exchanges of information
• Education / awareness raising

Denies

• International prohibitions (arms control)
• Ban on transfers / assistance (non-proliferation)
• Destruction / diversion (disarmament)
• National implementation

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT APPLICATION – BWC DETERS & DEVELOPS

Deters

• Recourse to UN Security Council, Chapter 7
• National penal legislation
• Broader non-proliferation regime (e.g. UNSCR 1540)

Develops

• Biorisk spectrum
• Emergency response
• Facilitating peaceful use of biology
• Assistance & cooperation

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT APPLICATION – BWC DEFENDS

Defends

• Balance security & peaceful use (right to science &

technology)

• Contributes to global battle against disease
• Mechanism for assistance in case of use, or threat –

irrespective of who uses – if you are a member

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SUPPORT UNIT

National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT MECHANISM – BWC WORK PROGRAM NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION REGIONAL ACTIVITIES RESPONSE TO USE OR THREAT OF USE BIOSAFETY & BIOSECURITY OVERSIGHT, EDUCATION & OUTREACH CAPACITY BUILDING FOR DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND CONTAINMENT

2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010

DE DENY NY DE DENY NY DE DENY NY DI DISSUA UADE DE DETER DE DEVELOP DE DEVELOP DE DEFEND DE DEFEND

IMPLEMENTATION

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT MECHANISM - 2008 MEETINGS OF THE BWC

Two topics:

• National, regional and international measures to

improve biosafety and biosecurity, including laboratory safety and security of pathogens and toxins.

• Oversight, education, awareness raising, and adoption

and/or development of codes of conduct with the aim of preventing misuse in the context of advances in bio- science and bio-technology research with the potential

• f use for purposes prohibited by the Convention.

Two meetings:

• Meeting of Experts (18 – 22 August 2008)
• Meeting of States Parties (1 – 5 December 2008)

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT TOPIC 1 – BIOSAFETY & BIOSECURITY

Value of dealing with this topic:

• Exchange of national (and international)

experiences, expertise and knowledge

• Enable States to develop or strengthen national

regulatory regimes

• Clearing-house activities on assistance
• Develop common understandings and

harmonise national positions

• Engage with stakeholders and generate ‘buy-in’
• Raise awareness of bioweapon issues

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT TOPIC 2 - OVERSIGHT OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION & AWARENESS RAISING

Value of dealing with this topic:

• Gather information on different approaches to

the oversight of science

• Build common understandings on how to

translate political commitment to educate life scientists into practical actions

• Examine best-practice for awareness raising
• Equip states & organisations with the tools to

do outreach & awareness raising

• Increase engagement with stakeholders

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National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT CONCLUSION – PREVENTING WMD TERRORISM

• Join relevant treaties (especially BWC!)
• Integrate and coordinate national agencies,

actors and resources in implementation

• Integrate and coordinate internationally through:

– Participation in BWC work program – Seeking assistance from a range of international

• rganizations, networks and activities

– Regional cooperation

• Move from “adjacency to synergy”

IMPLEMENTATION

SUPPORT UNIT

National Security Summit 2008, Dubai

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

UNITED NATIONS

OFFICE FOR DISARMAMENT AFFAIRS

BWC

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SUPPORT UNIT THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

BWC Implementation Support Unit United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Room C.115, Palais des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 917 3463 Fax: +41 22 917 0483 Email: bwc@unog.ch www.unog.ch/bwc