Summer Butanol Evaluation Report J.Wasil R.Kolb J.Adey 10/18/2011 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Summer Butanol Evaluation Report J.Wasil R.Kolb J.Adey 10/18/2011 What is Butanol? A four carbon alcohol (C 4 H 9 OH), colorless, neutral liquid of medium volatility with a characteristic banana-like odor. Traditionally petrochemical

SLIDE 1

Summer Butanol Evaluation Report

J.Wasil R.Kolb J.Adey 10/18/2011

SLIDE 2

What is Butanol?

 A four carbon alcohol (C4H9OH), colorless,

neutral liquid of medium volatility with a characteristic banana-like odor.

 Traditionally petrochemical derived -

Generally used to make other chemicals, or used as a solvent or an ingredient in formulated products such as cosmetics.

SLIDE 3

How is Butanol Made?

 Can be biologically derived from biomass in a

fermentation process using microorganisms – Biobutanol

 Biobutanol fermentation differs from bioethanol

mainly in the use of bacteria.

 An existing ethanol plant can be converted to

make butanol

SLIDE 4

Butanol Properties:

 Butanol 99,800 BTU/gallon  Gasoline 116,000 BTU/gallon  Approximately 86% of the energy content

f gasoline

 Ethanol 76,300 BTU/gallon (68% of the

energy content of gasoline)

SLIDE 5

Butanol Properties:

Phase Separation
As water enters a boat fuel

system containing ethanol- extended fuels, phase separation may occur creating an ethanol/water fuel mixture.

Butanol does not phase-

separate as shown in the cylinder on the right

Figure 1. Effect of adding 10% water by volume to 85% ethanol and 10% water by volume to 85% butanol

SLIDE 6

Butanol Introduction:

 Less susceptible to phase separation means

butanol could be successfully delivered in existing pipelines

 Eliminates need for splash-blending  Least corrosive of alcohols  Higher energy content – can be blended into

gasoline at higher percentages than ethanol

SLIDE 7

Energy Content:

 16.1% butanol by volume is equivalent to

10% ethanol by volume

 ~3% O2

Energy Content of Butanol-Extended and Ethanol-Extended Fuels

16500 16750 17000 17250 17500 17750 18000 18250 18500 18750 19000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Alcohol by volume Energy Content [BTU per lb] Isobutanol Ethanol

Gasoline

SLIDE 8

Why is the nation focused on ethanol?

 Historically, ethanol fermentation processes

resulted in the highest yields

 Recent advancements in microbial

fermentation processes have increased the yields of butanol

SLIDE 9

Purpose of Testing:

 To evaluate the effect of butanol-extended

fuels in a harsh marine environment and to see if there is a better alternative to ethanol- extended fuels

SLIDE 10

Test Set-up:

 On-water emissions testing using the Marine

Portable Bag Sampling (MPSS) unit developed for the EPA/NMMA green house gas study.

SLIDE 11

The Capture

SLIDE 12

The Boats & Crew

SLIDE 13

The Boats & Crew

SLIDE 14

There was a lot of this….

SLIDE 15

And This…..

SLIDE 16

Tests Conducted:

 On-water emissions testing  Emissions data reported using EPA

certification fuel (non-oxygenated) and 16.1% isobutanol-extended fuel.

 Values reported in grams per ICOMIA hour:

– Total Hydrocarbons – Nitrogen Oxides – Carbon Monoxide

SLIDE 17

Test Results:

ETEC 175 HC, NOx, CO grams per ICOMIA hour Indolene Fuel vs. 16.1% Isobutanol Extended Fuel

224.2 57.5 3725.3 230.3 86.4 3086.7 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

THC NOx CO grams / ICOMIA hour Indolene Isobutanol

Evinrude E-TEC 175 Stratified Charged Direct Fuel Injection Two-Stroke on water emissions evaluation [HC, NOx, CO] – 18' Mako Boat. Comparison between Indolene fuel and 16.1% isobutanol extended fuel. Values in grams per ICOMIA hour average of two tests per fuel type

HC + NOx emissions are virtually the same between the two fuels. CO is reduced using isobutanol (as expected)

SLIDE 18

Test Results:

JETBOAT HC, NOx, CO grams per ICOMIA hour Indolene Fuel vs. 16.1% Isobutanol Extended Fuel

114.0 208.0 3470.7 73.7 247.9 2235.9 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

THC NOx CO grams / ICOMIA hour Indolene Isobutanol

Jet-boat on water emissions evaluation [HC, NOx, CO] – Rotax 1503 Supercharged Four-stroke engine. Comparison between Indolene fuel and 16.1% isobutanol extended

fuel. Values in grams per ICOMIA hour average of two tests per test fuel.

HC decreased slightly and NOx increased slightly using isobutanol…but the total HC+NOx was virtually the same between the two fuels. CO is reduced using isobutanol (as expected)

SLIDE 19

Typical Enleanment of E10 relative to non-oxygenated fuel

Percent Reduction in Open-loop Engines Mass CO Relative to Baseline Indolene Testing E10 (blue) B16.1 (red)

30.7
24
18.3
33.1
40.5
34.1
35.6
17.1
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

E10 E10 E10 E10 E10 E10 B16.1 B16.1

Typical Engine Enleanment Relative to Indolene E-10 vs. B16. E10 engine CO data as reported by DOE (Knoll et al.) 16.1% isobutanol similar engine enleanment as 10% ethanol 18% to 40%

SLIDE 20

Product Testing

SLIDE 21

Vintage Tank Testing…..

SLIDE 22

Coupon testing

SLIDE 23

Summer Butanol Evaluation Report

J.Wasil R.Kolb J.Adey 10/18/2011

What is Butanol?

 A four carbon alcohol (C4H9OH), colorless,

neutral liquid of medium volatility with a characteristic banana-like odor.

 Traditionally petrochemical derived -

Generally used to make other chemicals, or used as a solvent or an ingredient in formulated products such as cosmetics.

How is Butanol Made?

 Can be biologically derived from biomass in a

fermentation process using microorganisms – Biobutanol

 Biobutanol fermentation differs from bioethanol

mainly in the use of bacteria.

 An existing ethanol plant can be converted to

make butanol

Butanol Properties:

 Butanol 99,800 BTU/gallon  Gasoline 116,000 BTU/gallon  Approximately 86% of the energy content

 Ethanol 76,300 BTU/gallon (68% of the

energy content of gasoline)

Butanol Properties:

system containing ethanol- extended fuels, phase separation may occur creating an ethanol/water fuel mixture.

separate as shown in the cylinder on the right

Butanol Introduction:

 Less susceptible to phase separation means

butanol could be successfully delivered in existing pipelines

 Eliminates need for splash-blending  Least corrosive of alcohols  Higher energy content – can be blended into

gasoline at higher percentages than ethanol

Energy Content:

 16.1% butanol by volume is equivalent to

10% ethanol by volume

 ~3% O2

Gasoline

Why is the nation focused on ethanol?

 Historically, ethanol fermentation processes

resulted in the highest yields

 Recent advancements in microbial

fermentation processes have increased the yields of butanol

Purpose of Testing:

 To evaluate the effect of butanol-extended

fuels in a harsh marine environment and to see if there is a better alternative to ethanol- extended fuels

Test Set-up:

 On-water emissions testing using the Marine

Portable Bag Sampling (MPSS) unit developed for the EPA/NMMA green house gas study.

The Capture

The Boats & Crew

The Boats & Crew

There was a lot of this….

And This…..

Tests Conducted:

 On-water emissions testing  Emissions data reported using EPA

certification fuel (non-oxygenated) and 16.1% isobutanol-extended fuel.

 Values reported in grams per ICOMIA hour:

– Total Hydrocarbons – Nitrogen Oxides – Carbon Monoxide

Test Results:

HC + NOx emissions are virtually the same between the two fuels. CO is reduced using isobutanol (as expected)

Test Results:

HC decreased slightly and NOx increased slightly using isobutanol…but the total HC+NOx was virtually the same between the two fuels. CO is reduced using isobutanol (as expected)

Typical Enleanment of E10 relative to non-oxygenated fuel

Typical Engine Enleanment Relative to Indolene E-10 vs. B16. E10 engine CO data as reported by DOE (Knoll et al.) 16.1% isobutanol similar engine enleanment as 10% ethanol 18% to 40%

Product Testing

Vintage Tank Testing…..

Coupon testing

Questions?

John Adey, ABYC jadey@abycinc.org Jeff Wasil, BRP Jeff.wasil@brp.com Rich Kolb, Volvo-Penta richard.kolb@volvo.com