Suggestion for the update of the HELCOM Recommendation on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Suggestion for the update of the HELCOM Recommendation

• n anti-fouling systems

Ari Kangas Ministry of the Environment 11.10.2018

HELCOM Rec on AF systems

Fighting fouling is important

• Drag increase
• Higher fuel consumption
• Higher CO2 emissions
• Reduced manoeuvrability
• Increased corrosion
• May result in transportation and introduction of invasive non-

native species

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

But

• Since the 1960s anti-fouling paints have been the most

commonly used method to prevent biofouling

• Active substances are biocides
• Very efficient anti-fouling agent tributyl tin TBT
• Accumulates in food webs
• Causes widespread malformations and imposex

→ TBT was successively banned from anti-fouling paints

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

The Commission RECOMMENDS that the Governments of the Contracting Parties to the Helsinki Convention include in the measures taken, as a first step, a ban on the retail sale or use of

• rganotin paints for pleasure boats or fish net cages
• HELCOM Recommendation 9/10, adopted 17.2.1988
• HELCOM Recommendation 20/4, adopted 23.3.1999
• Global prohibition of TBT by the 2001 IMO AFS Convention (in

force 17.9.2008)

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

Cu

• After the ban of TBT most AF paints include copper (Cu2O,

CuSCN or metallic copper) as the active ingredient (biocide)

• Products for professional use (> 24 m, ships)
• Consumer products (< 24 m, boats)
• Hard paints, soft paints
• Concentration [% w/w]
• Release rate, leakage rate, leaching [μg/cm2/d]
• Determination of the release rate (CEPE, ISO, Dome, XRF)

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

Cu

• The use of copper in anti-fouling paints is today the main

source of diffuse copper input to the marine environment

• According to the sales of anti-fouling paints, emissions e.g. from

leisure boats from Finland are 20 000 kgCu/a

• Pulp and paper industry 5-8 tn/a
• Metal production 1-3 tn/a
• Municipal WWTP 2 tn/a
• Mining and quarrying 0,1-0,3 tn/a

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

Alternatives

• In-water hull cleaning
• Wet brushing
• Foul release paints
• Bio-mimicking surfaces
• Micro-, or nano-texture of the hull itself

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

PRESSURE 7-2017

• Outcome

7.32 The Meeting took note of the information on the projects Hull Detox and CHANGE presented by Sweden (document 7-8). The aim of the projects is to reduce the use and presence of harmful antifouling systems on recreational craft. The Meeting noted the high concern of CCB regarding revealed high concentrations of TBT in the marine sediments, especially in

• ld harbours.

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

PRESSURE 8-2017

• Outcome

14.2 The Meeting also discussed the possible update of the HELCOM Recommendation on anti-fouling systems. The Meeting welcomed the offer of Finland to intersessionally prepare an initial suggestion for the update of the Recommendation

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

Copper containing AF paints

• Good reason to set regulation
• Ban
• Restrictions on product quality
• Restrictions on use
• Enforcement

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

Initial suggestion for the update of recommendation

• Leisure boats
• Restrictions on product quality
• Concentration
• Release rate
• Ban
• Boats under certain hull length

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

To be considered

• Wording
• Leisure boats → leisure craft
• Watercraft (2013/53/EU)
• Recreational craft (boat)
• Personal watercraft (water scooter)
• Exclusions
• Original historical watercraft and individual replicas
• Watercraft intended solely for racing and training (rowing boats)

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

To be considered

• Restrictions on product quality
• Concentration
• BONUS CHANGE
• Commercial paints containing 6,9 and 7,5% Cu2O (with 10-25% ZnO) and even as low

as 4,3% Cu2O work equally well as paints containing 13-35% Cu2O

• Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency
• Not necessary
• Swedish comments
• 7 % Cu2O with 4% ZnO. Levels need to be investigated further.

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

To be considered

• Restrictions on product quality
• Release rate
• BONUS CHANGE
• Low salinity (5 PSU): 3,3 – 5,0 μg/cm2/d
• High salinity (14 PSU): 4,9 – 10,8 μg/cm2/d
• Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency
• 2,7 μg/cm2/d
• Swedish comments (appendix)
• 2,5 – 3,5 μg/cm2/d are sufficient (BONUS CHANGE)
• Swedish Chemicals Agency recommends max. 1 μg/cm2/d to reach an RCR=1

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

To be considered

• Determination of the release rate
• Currently only two standardized release rate methods (ISO laboratory method and CEPE

calculation method) are accepted by regulatory bodies in the EU member states

• Both methods have also been shown to overestimate the release rate of Cu when

compared to the only field based method that has been evaluated so far (Dome method) and therefore default correction factors have been defined (2,9 and 5,4 respectively)

• XRF analysis of field panels provides more reliable leakage rates
• CEPE without correction factor would anyhow give realistic release rates

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

To be considered

• Ban
• According to the hull length
• 5,5 m – Finnish limit for boat registration
• FSCA – 6 m
• Transition period needed (Swedish comments)

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Rec on AF systems

To be considered

• Enforcement
• Product quality
• Approved biocides
• Ban
• Products for professionals / consumers
• Products sold for registered boats only

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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HELCOM Recommendation on antifouling paints containing copper

Ari Kangas, Ministry of the Environment

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f) encourage the use of non-toxic antifouling paints and mechanical antifouling methods such as wet brushing * * determined using XRF-method or CEPE-method without correction factor

Thank you!

Ari Kangas Ministry of the Environment ari.kangas@ym.fi +358 295 250 340