Sub-topics Application(s) of Industrial Waste(s)/By-products Coal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Applications of Industrial Waste(s)

Sub-topics

• Application(s) of Industrial Waste(s)/By-products
• Coal residues
• Fly ash
• Silica Fumes
• Rubber tiers
• Glass (Aggregates)
• Dredged material
• Need for Characterization (of geomaterials & wastes)

Major Issues (for application of Industrial waste as a geomaterial) Identification of the application Key property required for the application Environmental sustainability Laboratory (testing) protocols Modeling of engineering behavior Constructability and field performance Long-term performance Regulatory constraints

IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics Lecture No. 5 D N Singh 3

IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics Lecture No. 5 D N Singh 4

Coal Washery Residues NTPC @ Korba

14800 15000 15200 15400 15600 15800 16000 16200 16400 305 310 315 320 325 330 335 340

Ground level Fomation level

RL (m) Chainage (m)

14800 15000 15200 15400 15600 15800 16000 16200 16400 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

H (m) Chainage (m)

. Topography of the site.

Height of the filling required

Use of Coal washery residues for Construction of Railway Embankment and Sidings at BSES-Korba (6 to 10 million tons consumed )

4 8 12 16 20 24 4 8 12 16 20 Stone pitching

G.L.

2.5:1 2:1

Native soil CR

C/L

Height (m) X (m)

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Stone pitching 2:1 3 m berm

G.L.

2.5:1 2:1

Native soil CR

C/L

Height (m) X (m)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Native soil

Stone pitching 2:1 2:1 3 m berm 3 m berm

G.L.

2.5:1 2:1

CR

C/L

Height (m) X (m)

POZZOLANA

• Volcanic Ash from Pozzuoli in Italy
• Surkhi

Man-made Volcano Natural Volcano

Soil Stabilization using Fly ash

Laboratory Studies In situ studies on Pavement Base & Sub-bases Swell-pressure and % swell decreases LL, PL, PI, decrease Plasticity modification & hence better compaction CBR modification Fly ash cement mix

Growing Use of Fly Ash Based Cement In India

• Has grown significantly over last 6 to 7 years.
• High level of acceptance among consultants, architects &

engineers.

• Accepted by national IS Codes IS 456-2000 for design

and construction of concrete. (< 35%).

• By reducing consumption of OPC, the rate of depletion of

mineral resources required for production of cement can be reduced.

High Volume Fly ash Concrete (HVAC) for Infrastructure development

Applications:

• Power (Hydro, Thermal & Nuclear) sector.
• Dams, Barrages & Irrigation Projects.
• Marine Projects (Underwater Concreting).
• Environmental Engineering Projects.
• High volumes of fly ash
• Low water content
• Low Portland cement content

Silica Fumes

Silica fume, also known as microsilica, is a by- product of the reduction of high purity quartz with coal in electric furnaces in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys. Silica Fume is also collected as a by-product in the production

• f
• ther

silicon alloys such as ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferro magnesium, and calcium silicon.

Need for recycling and reuse of Tires

• Threat to human health and the environment

(poisonous gas production)  tire fires Collection of rainwater (Mosquito breeding) Land Pollution

• Recycling or Reuse
• Stockpiled or landfilled

Unsightly

Civil Engineering Applications of Scrap Tires

Sub-grade Insulation for Roads Road embankments Asphalt Rubber Pavement

Pavement Requirements

• Durability (Flexible/ Rigid)
• Deformation/ Modulus
• Thermal Resistance
• Rutting Resistance
• Wearing
• Shrinkage Resistance
• Skid Resistance

Rubber Tire with Steel Mesh meets all above requirements

Splicing

• f

Side-walls Schematic diagram of spliced and flattened Tire

• Prof. R C Joshi
• Univ. of Calgary, Canada

Longitudinal Direction of Pavement Width of Pavement

Growing plants without soil)

Beneficial Use of Glass Aggregates

www.deme.be/projects/malaysia_pulauindah.html http://www.deme.be/projects/maldive_hulhumale.html

Application of Dredged Material

Beneficial Use of Dredged Material

• Beach nourishment
• Shore protection
• Soil creation/enhancement
• Land reclamation
• Habitat restoration
• Construction materials

Characterization of waste

• 1. Water content
• 2. Density
• 3. Granulometry (fractions of gravel, sand, silt and clay)
• 4. The following constituents:

a) Total organic carbon b) Carbonate content c) Mercury, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, nickel, iron, manganese. d) Organochlorines e) Total extractable hydrocarbons f) Tributyltin (TBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) g) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) h) Toxicity tests (Microtox or whole sediment bioassay) i) Thermal & Chemical stability

Characterization of waste

Need for a complete Physico-chemico-Mineralogical Thermal & Electrical Characterization To understand their behavior and recommending a proper utilization scheme