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STATUS OF DATA STATUS OF DATA GENERATI ON I N KENYA GENERATI ON I N KENYA ON MI NOR USES ON MI NOR USES GLOBAL MINOR USE SUMMIT, 3-7 DECEMBER 2007 ROME ITALY Lucy M. Namu, Chief Analytical Chemist Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service

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Global Minor Use Summit; 3 Global Minor Use Summit; 3-

  • 7 Dec 2007

7 Dec 2007

1 1

Lucy M. Namu, Chief Analytical Chemist Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS)

KEPHIS Website : www.kephis.org

STATUS OF DATA STATUS OF DATA GENERATI ON I N KENYA GENERATI ON I N KENYA ON MI NOR USES ON MI NOR USES

GLOBAL MINOR USE SUMMIT, 3-7 DECEMBER 2007 ROME ITALY

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Global Minor Use Summit; 3 Global Minor Use Summit; 3-

  • 7 Dec 2007

7 Dec 2007

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PRESENTATI ON PRESENTATI ON OUTLI NE OUTLI NE

  • SECTI ON I :

SECTI ON I :

Information on Existing data Information on Existing data generation programs generation programs

  • SECTI ON I I :

SECTI ON I I :

Information on FUTURE Initiatives Information on FUTURE Initiatives

  • SECTI ON I I I :

SECTI ON I I I :

Those NOT generating residue data Those NOT generating residue data

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Global Minor Use Summit; 3 Global Minor Use Summit; 3-

  • 7 Dec 2007

7 Dec 2007

3 3

KENYA KENYA – – Geographic Location and Geographic Location and Agro ecological zones Agro ecological zones

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7 Dec 2007

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KENYA KENYA BACKGROUND I NFORMATI ON BACKGROUND I NFORMATI ON

  • Horticultural exports one of Kenya

Horticultural exports one of Kenya’ ’s main source of s main source of foreign exchange. Equivalent to 14% of export foreign exchange. Equivalent to 14% of export earnings. earnings.

  • In 2006, Kenya exported horticultural commodities

In 2006, Kenya exported horticultural commodities worth worth KShs KShs 49.3 billion (over $ 700 million), with 49.3 billion (over $ 700 million), with over

  • ver

96 % going to the EU. 96 % going to the EU.

  • There are 1.2 million people deriving income from the

There are 1.2 million people deriving income from the horticultural export industry and 4.8 million people if horticultural export industry and 4.8 million people if you consider dependants you consider dependants -

  • 14% of the total

14% of the total

  • population. 80% of all Horticultural production is by
  • population. 80% of all Horticultural production is by

small holder growers. small holder growers.

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Global Minor Use Summit; 3 Global Minor Use Summit; 3-

  • 7 Dec 2007

7 Dec 2007

5 5

DATA ON EXPORTED DATA ON EXPORTED COMMODI TI ES FROM KENYA COMMODI TI ES FROM KENYA

Source: HCDA website

Horticultural Exports from Kenya 2003 to Aug 2007

10000000 20000000 30000000 40000000 50000000 60000000 70000000 80000000 90000000 100000000 2,003 2,004 2,005 2,006 Upto Aug 2007 Year Volumes exported (kg) Cut flowers Vegetables Fruits

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EXPORT QUANTI TI ES EXPORT QUANTI TI ES – – TOTALS VI S TYPE TOTALS VI S TYPE

Source of data: Source of data: Horticultural Horticultural Crops Crops Development Development Agency Agency (HCDA) (HCDA)

TOTAL QUANTITIES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EXPORTED IN 2006

0.00 10,000,000.00 20,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 40,000,000.00 50,000,000.00 60,000,000.00 70,000,000.00 80,000,000.00 90,000,000.00 Vegetables and fruits Minor crops (vegetables and fruits)

Commodity types

Total export quantities (kg)

Totals exported in 2006

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Section I : Section I : I NFORMATI ON ON EXI STI NG I NFORMATI ON ON EXI STI NG DATA GENERATI ON DATA GENERATI ON

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I NFORMATI ON ON EXI STI NG I NFORMATI ON ON EXI STI NG DATA GENERATI ON DATA GENERATI ON

Type of data generated: Type of data generated: 1. 1. Pesticide residue monitoring data Pesticide residue monitoring data 2. 2. Data for application of import Data for application of import tolerance tolerance

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  • 1. MONI TORI NG DATA
  • 1. MONI TORI NG DATA
  • FUNDING FROM SPECIFIC PROGRAMS

FUNDING FROM SPECIFIC PROGRAMS

  • PESTICIDE RESIDUE

PESTICIDE RESIDUE “ “MONITORING DATA MONITORING DATA” ”-

  • HORTICULTURE RESEARCH FUND

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH FUND – – Funded by Funded by HCDA For the National Taskforce on Horticulture HCDA For the National Taskforce on Horticulture (NTH) and implemented by KEPHIS (NTH) and implemented by KEPHIS

  • Data relate to three year work

Data relate to three year work

  • Based on exported commodities

Based on exported commodities – –

  • Fresh fruits and vegetables

Fresh fruits and vegetables

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  • 7 Dec 2007

7 Dec 2007

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PESTI CI DE RESI DUE MONI TORI NG PESTI CI DE RESI DUE MONI TORI NG DATA SUMMARY DATA SUMMARY ( ( Fruit and vegetables)

Fruit and vegetables)

Trend of number of samples analysed for pesticide residues

50 100 150 200 250 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006

Year

Number of samples Non-compliance

NB: Data NB: Data relating to relating to “ “private private” ” samples samples

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PESTI CI DE RESI DUE PESTI CI DE RESI DUE MONI TORI NG DATA MONI TORI NG DATA

  • Detected residues below or at MRL of pesticides

Detected residues below or at MRL of pesticides without registered use without registered use

  • Support export

Support export

  • Private standards

Private standards

  • Import country requirements

Import country requirements

  • Importance of food safety

Importance of food safety – –

  • Monitoring of food in local markets

Monitoring of food in local markets – – Public/private partnership Public/private partnership – – USAID USAID -

  • Kenya Horticultural Development Program

Kenya Horticultural Development Program

  • Data available on website (

Data available on website (www.kephis.org www.kephis.org); Annual reports as ); Annual reports as part of routine activity part of routine activity

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CONSTRAI NTS/ CHALLENGES CONSTRAI NTS/ CHALLENGES

i) i) Capacity of laboratory Capacity of laboratory – – through through-

  • put

put

  • Current capacity about 400

Current capacity about 400*

* /year

/year

  • Infrastructural needs

Infrastructural needs

ii) Rapid change in demands ii) Rapid change in demands – – new active new active substance requests viz analytical substance requests viz analytical capabilities capabilities iii) Ruggedness/robustness of analytical iii) Ruggedness/robustness of analytical methods used methods used

* Not maximum capacity * Not maximum capacity

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  • 2. I MPORT TOLERANCE
  • 2. I MPORT TOLERANCE
  • Import tolerances for minor crops of

Import tolerances for minor crops of economic importance economic importance – –

  • Beans with pods (Kenyan beans)

Beans with pods (Kenyan beans)

  • Passiflora edulis

Passiflora edulis (passion fruit) (passion fruit)

  • mango

mango

  • papaya

papaya

  • Supported by the European

Supported by the European-

  • African

African-

  • Caribbean

Caribbean-

  • Pacific Liaison Committee

Pacific Liaison Committee Initiative Initiative – – Pesticide Initiative Program Pesticide Initiative Program (COLEACP/PIP) (COLEACP/PIP)

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PASSI ON FRUI T PASSI ON FRUI T

  • Common name:

Common name: passion

passion fruit, fruit, marcuya marcuya, , grenadilla grenadilla

  • Scientific name:

Scientific name:

Passiflora Passiflora edulis edulis

  • Family:

Family: Passifloraceae

Passifloraceae (Passionflower family) (Passionflower family)

  • Plant part used:

Plant part used: aril

aril (fleshy seed covering) (fleshy seed covering)

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Global Minor Use Summit; 3 Global Minor Use Summit; 3-

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BEANS I N PODS BEANS I N PODS

GREEN BEANS GREEN BEANS

Common name: Common name: Kenyan beans,

Kenyan beans, French beans, haricot beans French beans, haricot beans

Scientific name: Scientific name: Phaseolus

Phaseolus vulgaris vulgaris

Plant part used: Plant part used: unripe pods

unripe pods

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GENERAL CROP I NFORMATI ON GENERAL CROP I NFORMATI ON

  • Passion fruit is a minor crop, of economic importance in

Passion fruit is a minor crop, of economic importance in Kenya; Kenyan bean issues relate to minor uses. Kenya; Kenyan bean issues relate to minor uses.

  • Grown primarily by small holder farmers in Kenya.

Grown primarily by small holder farmers in Kenya. Pesticide use related to minor uses. Pesticide use related to minor uses.

  • Main pest problems on passion fruit:

Main pest problems on passion fruit:

  • Mealy bugs

Mealy bugs, , brown spot brown spot, thrips, aphids, leafminer, fruit suckers, , thrips, aphids, leafminer, fruit suckers, spider mites, mealy bugs spider mites, mealy bugs

  • Main pest problems on beans in pods (Kenyan beans):

Main pest problems on beans in pods (Kenyan beans):

  • Rusts,

Rusts, bean fly bean fly, spider mites, anthracnose, cutworms.., , spider mites, anthracnose, cutworms..,

  • Residues detected in Europe are mainly of fungicides

Residues detected in Europe are mainly of fungicides

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I MPORT TOLERANCE I MPORT TOLERANCE – – PROGRAM OUTLI NE PROGRAM OUTLI NE

  • Proposed value of MRL for shortest useful Pre

Proposed value of MRL for shortest useful Pre-

  • harvest interval (PHI)

harvest interval (PHI)

  • The Pre

The Pre-

  • harvest Interval (PHI) comparison

harvest Interval (PHI) comparison

  • Comparison with existing MRL of

Comparison with existing MRL of commonly commonly used used pesticide pesticide

  • Value of PHI in country/proposition of new PHI

Value of PHI in country/proposition of new PHI

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RESI DUE DATA FOR PROPI NEB RESI DUE DATA FOR PROPI NEB

0.286 0.043 0.463 0.352 Whole fruit 21 0.513 0.406 0.728 0.406 Whole fruit 14 0.333 0.236 0.061 0.703 Whole fruit 7 3 2 1 Average Residues found (mg/kg) in treated plots Matrix DALA

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SUMMARY OF DATA SUMMARY OF DATA

  • 0.716

0.05 0.360 Trifloxystrobin 0.05* 0.104

  • Thiamethoxam
  • 0.588
  • 0.080

Tebuconazole

  • 0.339
  • Spiromesifen
  • 0.326
  • 0.180

Spinosad

  • 2.140
  • Azoystrobin
  • 0.02

0.180 Myclobutanil

  • 0.05

0.210 Difenconazole

  • 0.05

1.300 Cyromazine

  • 0.01

2.600 Chlorothalonil

  • 0.01

0.020 Abamectin Current MRL Residue

  • bserved

Current MRL Residue

  • bserved

Active substance PASSIFLORA EDULIS BEANS WITH PODS

*MRL

relates to National MRL of some EU member country Figures in italics represent data where import tolerance granted

  • indicates

where data not submitted

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COMMENT ON DATA FOR I MPORT COMMENT ON DATA FOR I MPORT TOLERANCES TOLERANCES

  • MRL data granted for supported pesticides

MRL data granted for supported pesticides -

  • not all

not all requested MRLs were granted requested MRLs were granted

  • Alternative GAP/re

Alternative GAP/re-

  • submission follow

submission follow-

  • up required

up required

  • Data gaps for older molecules

Data gaps for older molecules

  • Other pesticides commonly used not supported e.g.

Other pesticides commonly used not supported e.g. Dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil on Dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil on Passiflora Passiflora edulis edulis

  • Lengthy process

Lengthy process

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SECTI ON I I SECTI ON I I – – I NFORMATI ON ON FUTURE I NFORMATI ON ON FUTURE I NTI ATI VES I NTI ATI VES

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  • Horticultural industry to be supported by

Horticultural industry to be supported by EU EU – – HORTICAP HORTICAP – – (

(Aid for trade)

Aid for trade)

  • Issues linked to capacity building

Issues linked to capacity building – – laboratory laboratory recognition (GLP compliance) recognition (GLP compliance)

  • Infrastructural upgrading

Infrastructural upgrading

  • Training of personnel

Training of personnel

  • Stakeholder awareness on market access

Stakeholder awareness on market access issues issues

  • Estimated role

Estimated role-

  • out plan
  • ut plan –

– 3 years 3 years

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SECTI ON I I I SECTI ON I I I – – CONSI DERATI ONS FOR CONSI DERATI ONS FOR THOSE NOT GENERATI NG THOSE NOT GENERATI NG DATA DATA

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7 Dec 2007

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  • Food safety concerns

Food safety concerns – – need for monitoring data need for monitoring data

  • National

National MRLs MRLs – –

  • Use of data international recommendations from JMPR (Joint

Use of data international recommendations from JMPR (Joint Meeting Pesticide Residues) and Codex MRLs Meeting Pesticide Residues) and Codex MRLs

  • Limitations:

Limitations:

  • Minor crop data not included

Minor crop data not included

  • Cost implication of import tolerance data requirements

Cost implication of import tolerance data requirements

  • Consideration of country capacity

Consideration of country capacity

  • Current data needs:

Current data needs:

  • Residue data on minor crops for MRL setting

Residue data on minor crops for MRL setting -

  • particularly on

particularly on

  • lder active substances still in use
  • lder active substances still in use
  • MRLs for uses on minor crops

MRLs for uses on minor crops

  • Harmonization of existing data/ data requirements

Harmonization of existing data/ data requirements

GENERAL CONSI DERATI ONS GENERAL CONSI DERATI ONS

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CHALLENGES I N OWN RESI DUE DATA CHALLENGES I N OWN RESI DUE DATA GENERATI ON GENERATI ON

Technology/ data sharing issues: Technology/ data sharing issues:

  • Rigorous data requirements for MRL setting

Rigorous data requirements for MRL setting

  • Clearer communication in data requirements

Clearer communication in data requirements

  • Many pesticide uses relating to minor uses

Many pesticide uses relating to minor uses

  • Limited capacities especially in developing countries

Limited capacities especially in developing countries

  • Regional initiatives?

Regional initiatives?

  • Support from manufacturers?

Support from manufacturers?

  • Differences in requirements for import tolerances

Differences in requirements for import tolerances

  • Harmonization of data requirements

Harmonization of data requirements

  • Funding/resource constraints

Funding/resource constraints

  • Technological capacity gaps

Technological capacity gaps

  • Expansion of crop groups to include minor crops

Expansion of crop groups to include minor crops

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTI ON ATTENTI ON

Special Thanks to the Summit Organizing Special Thanks to the Summit Organizing Committee Committee