Status and plans of the UA9 experiment V.Previtali, on behalf on the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1.4 1.2 1 0.8 RESULTS 0.6 0.4 gem1 0.2 SETUP quartz1 blm4 0 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 cry angle [ rad] FUTURE PLANS Status and plans of the UA9 experiment V.Previtali, on behalf on the UA9
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY 15-18 May 2011
V.Previtali, on behalf on the UA9 collaboration
FUTURE PLANS SETUP
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
cry angle [µrad] gem1 quartz1 blm4
RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.4 0.8 1.2 Ncoll/Ncry experimental data smoothed function 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
d(Ncoll/Ncry)/dk k [µrad] multi turn secondary halo
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS FUTURE PLANS
✤ future changes in the SPS layout ✤ from SPS to the LHC: letter of intents and ongoing
studies
✤ UA9 experiment: how a crystal could help the LHC
INTRODUCTION
✤ future changes in the SPS layout ✤ from SPS to the LHC: letter of intents and ongoing
studies
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.4 0.8 1.2 Ncoll/Ncry experimental data smoothed function 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
d(Ncoll/Ncry)/dk k [µrad] multi turn secondary halo
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS FUTURE PLANS
✤ UA9 experiment: how a crystal could help the LHC ✤ future changes in the SPS layout ✤ from SPS to the LHC: letter of intents and ongoing
studies
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
Why are we studying the crystal collimation option?
✤
UA9 is a Crystal Collimation experiment
✤
We want to prove the feasibility and the advantages of using a bent crystal as a primary collimator instead of a standard amorphous primary collimator.
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
UA9 is a Crystal Collimation experiment
✤
We want to prove the feasibility and the advantages of using a bent crystal as a primary collimator instead of a standard amorphous primary collimator.
Design loss rate (0.2h beam lifetime, 10 s)
=(480 KW per beam)
360 MJ per beam 4.3 1011 p/s Losses cannot be (totally) avoided total energy
working temperature
7.8 106 p/s/m
superconducting magnets are very sensible to energy releases 1.9 K Quench limit (energy release limit)
POWERFUL DELICATE
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
UA9 is a Crystal Collimation experiment
✤
We want to prove the feasibility and the advantages of using a bent crystal as a primary collimator instead of a standard amorphous primary collimator.
Design loss rate (0.2h beam lifetime, 10 s)
=(480 KW per beam)
360 MJ per beam 4.3 1011 p/s Losses cannot be (totally) avoided total energy
working temperature
7.8 106 p/s/m
superconducting magnets are very sensible to energy releases 1.9 K Quench limit (energy release limit)
Maximum local cleaning = 1.78 10-5 [1/m] inefficiency
POWERFUL DELICATE
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
UA9 is a Crystal Collimation experiment
✤
We want to prove the feasibility and the advantages of using a bent crystal as a primary collimator.
courtesy of C.Bracco
phase 1 system: the most sophisticated collimation system ever… … but still limited! 108 collimators and absorbers! basic limitation of the collimation system: losses receiving a small kick but a non negligible Δp/p escape the collimation insertion but are immediately lost at the first bending magnets
single diffractive scattering losses @ dispersion suppressor
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
UA9 is a Crystal Collimation experiment
✤
We want to prove the feasibility and the advantages of using a bent crystal as a primary collimator.
courtesy of C.Bracco
phase 1 system: the most sophisticated collimation system ever… … but still limited! 108 collimators and absorbers! basic limitation of the collimation system: losses receiving a small kick but a non negligible Δp/p escape the collimation insertion but are immediately lost at the first bending magnets
single diffractive scattering losses @ dispersion suppressor
INTRODUCTION Phase might be limited below the nominal
(metallic collimators and special collimators in cryogenic regions) simulations predict that 100% of the nominal settings can be reached. In perspective (LHC upgrade) there is still room for innovative collimation concepts like crystals.
INTRODUCTION
Present layout of the LHC collimation system: multi-stage cleaning. The primary collimators intercepts the primary beam halo - the halo is “sprayed” and intercepted downstream.
primary halo beam core primary collimator (60cm, CFC) secondary collimator (1m, CFC) Absorber (1m, W) 6 normalized aperture [σ] 7 sensitive equipment (LHC arc ot IR triplet...) tertiary halo 10 >10 secondary halo
7
INTRODUCTION
The idea: to use mechanically bent crystals (typically Si) as “smart scatterers” in replacement of primary amorphous collimators, to minimize the escaping particles. Primary collimator would be slightly retracted.
primary halo crystal channeled beam beam core primary collimator, retracted secondary collimator (1m, CFC) normalized aperture [σ] sensitive equipment (LHC arc ot IR triplet...) 6.2 >10
tertiary halo 10 >10 Absorber (1m, W)
6
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
67 m / 90 degrees 45 m / 60 degrees 45 m / 60 degrees
highly dispersive area collimation region
✤
A crystal-based collimation insertion has been installed in the SPS LSS5 to test the crystal collimation concept.
✤
The element apertures depend on the measurement type
✤
For each element, one or more detector are installed to check the losses in the specific element.
primary halo crystal LHC-type collimator (1m Cu) TAL2 (10cm Al) TAC (60 cm W)
INTRODUCTION
beam core
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
primary halo beam core crystal TAC (60 cm W) TAL2 (10cm Al)
highly dispersive area collimation region
in this region we measure: 1- Reduction of inelastic interaction ratio at the crystal (angular scan) 2- multi-turn channeling efficiency (collimator scan) in this region we measure: 3- Tertiary halo reduction in highly dispersive area (scraper scan)
INTRODUCTION
LHC-type collimator (1m Cu)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
primary halo beam core crystal TAC (60 cm W) TAL2 (10cm Al)
highly dispersive area collimation region
in this region we measure: 1- Reduction of inelastic interaction ratio at the crystal (angular scan) 2- multi-turn channeling efficiency (collimator scan) in this region we measure: 3- Tertiary halo reduction in highly dispersive area (scraper scan)
3 fundamental measurements
INTRODUCTION
LHC-type collimator (1m Cu)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.4 0.8 1.2 Ncoll/Ncry experimental data smoothed function 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
d(Ncoll/Ncry)/dk k [µrad] multi turn secondary halo
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS FUTURE PLANS
✤ future changes in the SPS layout ✤ from SPS to the LHC: letter of intents and ongoing
studies
✤ UA9 experiment: how a crystal could help the LHC
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
measurement concept: the transverse positions of the different elements are kept constant while the crystal orientation is changed. The rate of inelastic losses at the crystal is measured by downstream detectors.
LHC-type collimator (1m Cu) TAC (60 cm W) TAL2 (10cm Al) ~4 normalized aperture [σx] garage position ~5.5 primary halo beam core crystal
The main result is the channeling reduction factor, i.e. the ratio between the inelastic interaction rate in the crystal in amorphous w.r.t. channeling orientation.
67 m / 90 degrees
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
4 different crystals sci L crk 1 sci C blm 4
5 differerent detectors can be used to measure the inelastic interactions at crystal: 2 scintillators, 1 GEM,1 cherenkov and 1 BLM (ionization chamber). the detectors data are normalized with respect to the flux of primary particles lost (BCT derivative)
gem 1
34 m 3 m .82m
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
sci L gem1 quartz1 blm4
amorphous amorphous Nuclear interaction rate [a.u.]
Crystal 3, 21 Oct 2010 h 12:19
channeling
time cry angle [µrad]
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
sci L gem1 quartz1 blm4 Nuclear interaction rate [a.u.]
Crystal 3, 21 Oct 2010 h 12:19
cry angle [µrad]
the scintillator gives consistently different results! this triggered an extended study on the linearity region
signal we had to reject the scintillator data for at high particle flux (dI/dt ~10^7 p/s)
time amorphous amorphous channeling
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
cry angle [µrad] gem1 quartz1 blm4
Nuclear interaction rate [a.u.]
Crystal 3, 21 Oct 2010 h 12:19
channeling time
channeling Reduction factor DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
cry angle [µrad] gem1 quartz1 blm4
Nuclear interaction rate [a.u.]
Crystal 3, 21 Oct 2010 h 12:19
channeling time
channeling Reduction factor DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
we would like to suppress as much as possible the inelastic interactions in channeling, i.e. a large channeling reduction factor
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
inelastic interaction rate in the crystal in amorphous w.r.t. channeling orientation.
(but scintillators)
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
measurement concept: a 1m-Cu collimator is inserted gradually to intercept the secondary halo (directly scattered by the crystal) between the crystal and the W absorber. The inelastic interactions at the collimator are measured by downstream detectors.
primary halo crystal collimator (1m Cu) tertiary halo multi-turn secondary halo single-turn secondary halo TAC (60 cm W) c h a n n e l e d b e a m ~4 normalized aperture [σx] garage position ~5.5 TAL2 (10cm Al) beam core
The main results are the channeling angle and the multi-turn channeling efficiency, i.e. the probability for a halo particle in a circular machine to be, soon or late, channeled.
67 m / 90 degrees 45 m / 60 degrees
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
3 different detectors can be used to measure the inelastic interactions at crystal: 2 BLMs (ionization chamber) and 1 scintillator:
the detectors data are normalized with respect to the flux of primary particles lost (BCT derivative)
1.5 m 15 m 5 m 1 m 2 m
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
collimator position [mm]
the detector signal
collimator position
with the flux of particles
when the collimator is primary
position in terms of equivalent crystal kick
crystal 3 scan 2 Sept 2010 h 8:21 -> 9:45
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
BLM1 signal / (dI/dt)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
collimator position [mm] BLM1 signal / (dI/dt)
the detector signal
collimator position
with the flux of particles
when the collimator is primary
position in terms of equivalent crystal kick
crystal 3 scan 2 Sept 2010 h 8:21 -> 9:45
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Ncoll/Ncry kick [µrad] experimental data channeling fit
collimator position [mm] equivalent crystal kick [µrad]
the detector signal
collimator position
with the flux of particles
when the collimator is primary
position in terms of equivalent crystal kick valid only if we assume
valid only for large kicks (multi turn limit)
crystal 3 scan 2 Sept 2010 h 8:21 -> 9:45
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
BLM1 signal / (dI/dt) Ncoll/Ncry
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
the detector signal
collimator position
with the flux of particles
when the collimator is primary
position in terms of equivalent crystal kick channeling efficiency
crystal 3 scan 2 Sept 2010 h 8:21 -> 9:45
channeling kick
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Ncoll/Ncry kick [µrad] experimental data channeling fit
Ncoll/Ncry [-] θcry [µrad]
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
year 2009: crystal 1 and crystal 2 tested, efficiencies between 64 and 85% year 2010: collimator scans with protons have been done only with crystal 3. the results confirm multi-turn channeling efficiency about 70
kick, width and efficiency
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
primary halo crystal collimator (1m Cu) tertiary halo multi-turn secondary halo single-turn secondary halo TAC (60 cm W) ~4 normalized aperture [σx] garage position ~5.5 TAL2 (10cm Al) beam core 67 m / 90 degrees 45 m / 60 degrees
measurement concept: a 10 cm-Al scraper is inserted gradually to intercept the tertiary halo (leakage from the TAC) in a highly dispersive area downstream . The inelastic interactions at the TAL2 are measured by downstream detectors. The TAL2 scan is used to intercept the tertiary halo. The scan allows to evaluate the leakage reduction factor the ratio between the population of the tertiary halo (meaning escaping to the W absorber) in amorphous and in channeling
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
c h a n n e l e d b e a m
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
3 m 3 m 25.5 m
3 detectors can be used to measure the inelastic interactions at crystal: 2 scintillators and 1 BLM (ionization chamber) :
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 primary halo beam core crystal single-turn secondary halo TAL2 (10cm Al) TAC (60 cm W)
The TAL2 scan is located in a highly dispersive region (meaning: particles are strongly sorted with respect to their momentum). e.g. :A particle with the designed momentum and a particle with the same betatronic amplitude but on the separatrix of the RF bucket (limit for stable particles) would have a transverse position (and then generate losses) about 4 mm more outward than an on momentum particle!!
multi-turn secondary halo tertiary halo
it is very difficult to understand if the losses at the TAL2 location correspond to on momentum or off momentum particles, both during the TAL2 alignment and during a TAL2 scan at the TAL2 location there is a complicated superposition of
Dispersion at TAL2 location: 3.4m
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
c h a n n e l e d b e a m
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 tal2 OUT
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 IN ncry
tal2 position [mm]
2 September 2010
crystal aperture (from alignment)
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 tal2 OUT
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 IN ncry
tal2 position [mm]
2 September 2010
crystal aperture (from alignment)
the losses in amorphous are always higher than the losses in channeling need to understand the range to consider to calculate the reduction factor (i.e. where is the tertiary halo?)
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 tal2 OUT
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 IN ncry
tal2 position [mm]
2 September 2010
crystal aperture (from alignment)
the losses in amorphous are always higher than the losses in channeling need to understand the range to consider to calculate the reduction factor (i.e. where is the tertiary halo?)
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
from our studies we convinced
have purely tertiary halo
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
the ratio between the population of the tertiary halo(meaning escaping to the W absorber) in amorphous and in channeling
no discrepancy between scintillator and BLM data
different system configurations
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
measurements:
The fact that crystal channeling collimation enhances the performances of a single-stage amorphous collimation system is proved.
reduction of nuclear interaction rate when in channeling between 5 and 8
multi turn channeling efficiency of about 70%
tertiary halo reduction factors between 1.5 and 5
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
simulations:
factor 36 predicted! efficiency >95% predicted! factor 10 predicted!
reduction of nuclear interaction rate when in channeling between 5 and 8
multi turn channeling efficiency of about 70%
tertiary halo reduction factors between 1.5 and 5
measurements:
However, the discrepancy between measurements and simulation is still under investigation; in particular the uniformity of crystal properties at the crystal edge is checked. Further test (especially in the extraction line) and dedicated simulations are foreseen.
The fact that crystal channeling collimation enhances the performances of a single-stage amorphous collimation system is proved.
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
0.4 0.8 1.2 Ncoll/Ncry experimental data smoothed function 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
d(Ncoll/Ncry)/dk k [µrad] multi turn secondary halo
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS FUTURE PLANS
✤ future changes in the SPS layout ✤ from SPS to the LHC: letter of intents and ongoing
studies
✤ UA9 experiment: how a crystal could help the LHC
INTRODUCTION
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
67 m / 90 degrees 45 m / 60 degrees 45 m / 60 degrees
highly dispersive area collimation region
✤
we have seen the conceptual layout...
primary halo crystal LHC-type collimator (1m Cu) TAL2 (10cm Al) TAC (60 cm W)
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
collimation region
primary halo
highly dispersive area
courtesy of S. Montesano
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
collimation region
courtesy of S. Montesano
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
collimation region
courtesy of S. Montesano
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
before crystals
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
collimation region
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
been re-calibrated (new DAQ software)
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
collimation region
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
sci PEP BLM2 NEW sci sci x2 PEP PEP
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
collimation region
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
sci PEP BLM2 NEW sci sci x2 PEP PEP
calibrated with radioactive source - some
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
collimation region
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.V11: Updated with modiifcations done during Xmas break 2010-2011
Drawing Not to Scale
Medipix 1
H2
Medipix 3
H1 XRP.51937 TACW.51998
G Quartz 2
Roman Pot 1 (2 axis) Absorber
1.5m 1m
Photomultiplier
LD
TCSM.51934
LHC Phase 2 Collimator
LU RU RD
5.5m
QF.52010
E N Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator
3.5m
...
600mm Alu + tungstène
EXT INT Linear 1 H1 XRPH.51991 H2
Roman Pot 2 (2/4 Axis used)
15m 2.8m
EXT INT
F PEP-II Detector
2m
External Side (Wall)
SEM 1 (H) SEM 2 (H) BLM 6 (H)1m 5m 1m
BLM 1 (V)0.67m
BLM 8 (H)51935 51938 51956 51999
!"#$%&'()*
Horizontal collimator Vertical collimator
BLM 3 (H)51656
!"#+%&',((
Cr 2 Cr 4 Cr 3 Cr 1 TEC 51795
Quartz 1
Si Sc
IHEP TANK CERN TANK
TECS.51793 BEAM
A G E M 1 G E M 2 C H
34m 3m
Goniometer 1 ST Goniometer 2 QM Scatter Quartz
Vertical scintillators L B PMT Vertical scintillators
Linear 1 Linear 2 Gonio 1 Gonio 2
External Side (Wall)
BLM 4 (H)0.82m
51802 Horizontal collimator
!"#-%&'.&'
D PEP-II Detector X PEP-II Detector Y PEP-II Detector Medipix 4 Medipix 5
1m 1m
R L R L
Z AA
47m B & L: 1.5 x 11 x 11cm C: 1 x 16 x 15cm H (old D pad): 1 x 20 x 25cm E & N: 0.5 x 6.5 x 6.5cm
sci PEP BLM2 NEW sci sci x2 PEP PEP
detectors
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
collimation region
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
highly dispersive area collimation region
primary halo crystal LHC-type collimator (1m Cu) TAL2 (10cm Al) TAC (60 cm W)
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
I H
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator (Removed)
QF.52010
K J Vertical scintillator Horizontal scintillator
28.5m 3m
TAL.52196
Quartz 3
3m
External Side (Wall)
M Photomultiplier
3m
100mm Alu
Linear 1
(axis V1 from XRP2)
Quartz Absorber Linear 2
(axis V2 from XRP2)
QD.52110
25.5m !"#$%&'()*(
Vertical collimator D H PEP-II Detector (Disconnected) PEP-II Detector (Disconnected)
Drawing Not to Scale
BLM 5 (H) BLM 2 (H) BLM 7 (H)QF.52210 QD.52310 QF.52210 QF.52410 QD.52510 QF.52610
31.5m 3 1 . 5 m 31.5m 31.5m
52108 52208 52308 AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI
I: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm J & K: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm
highly dispersive area
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
I H
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator (Removed)
QF.52010
K J Vertical scintillator Horizontal scintillator
28.5m 3m
TAL.52196
Quartz 3
3m
External Side (Wall)
M Photomultiplier
3m
100mm Alu
Linear 1
(axis V1 from XRP2)
Quartz Absorber Linear 2
(axis V2 from XRP2)
QD.52110
25.5m !"#$%&'()*(
Vertical collimator D H PEP-II Detector (Disconnected) PEP-II Detector (Disconnected)
Drawing Not to Scale
BLM 5 (H) BLM 2 (H) BLM 7 (H)QF.52210 QD.52310 QF.52210 QF.52410 QD.52510 QF.52610
31.5m 3 1 . 5 m 31.5m 31.5m
52108 52208 52308 AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI
I: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm J & K: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm
highly dispersive area
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
I H
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator (Removed)
QF.52010
K J Vertical scintillator Horizontal scintillator
28.5m 3m
TAL.52196
Quartz 3
3m
External Side (Wall)
M Photomultiplier
3m
100mm Alu
Linear 1
(axis V1 from XRP2)
Quartz Absorber Linear 2
(axis V2 from XRP2)
QD.52110
25.5m !"#$%&'()*(
Vertical collimator D H PEP-II Detector (Disconnected) PEP-II Detector (Disconnected)
Drawing Not to Scale
BLM 5 (H) BLM 2 (H) BLM 7 (H)QF.52210 QD.52310 QF.52210 QF.52410 QD.52510 QF.52610
31.5m 3 1 . 5 m 31.5m 31.5m
52108 52208 52308 AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI
I: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm J & K: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm
sci x2 PEP
highly dispersive area
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
I H
General Layout of Equipments SPS LSS5
REMPLACE/REPLACES 8/02/2011 DATE NOM/NAME11
UA9 Experiment
DES/DRA. CONTROL APPRO. ECHELLE SCALE IND.J.Lendaro
MODIF/DRA.Horizontal scintillator Vertical scintillator (Removed)
QF.52010
K J Vertical scintillator Horizontal scintillator
28.5m 3m
TAL.52196
Quartz 3
3m
External Side (Wall)
M Photomultiplier
3m
100mm Alu
Linear 1
(axis V1 from XRP2)
Quartz Absorber Linear 2
(axis V2 from XRP2)
QD.52110
25.5m !"#$%&'()*(
Vertical collimator D H PEP-II Detector (Disconnected) PEP-II Detector (Disconnected)
Drawing Not to Scale
BLM 5 (H) BLM 2 (H) BLM 7 (H)QF.52210 QD.52310 QF.52210 QF.52410 QD.52510 QF.52610
31.5m 3 1 . 5 m 31.5m 31.5m
52108 52208 52308 AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI
I: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm J & K: 0.5 x 10 x 10cm
sci x2 PEP
with 2 new Medipix inside
highly dispersive area
FUTURE PLANS
courtesy of S. Montesano
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
for the 2011 MDs:
substituted
in future/ under discussion: change crystals (single crystals), new scatterer in TAL2 location, fibrometer in vertical, test of new goniomenters types (in view of LHC requirements - one order of magnitude higher resolution/reproducibility...), new detector types...
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
Use of newly installed medipix detector in scraper scan (analysis of the tertiary halo)
✤
Study of the effective rate of particles impinging on the crystal by using Cherenkov detectors
✤
Measurements at high intensity: detecting change of losses along the machine (SPS blms)
✤
Influence of off-momentum particles in our studies: lifetime and debunching studies (mountain range...) different beam optics/set up
✤
different energies 120-270 GeV single bunch 1e11
✤
high intensity 48 or 12 bunches x1e11 (max 5e12)
✤
low intensity multi bunch 12 bunches *1e10
✤
low-gamma transition optics (higher dispersion for debunching studies)
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤ A LETTER OF INTENT is being prepared:
the plan is to install a 3 primary crystal collimators for horizontal, vertical and skew orientation during the long shutdown (currently scheduled beginning 2013)
✤ A first set of simulations of the crystal collimation system for the LHC
(horizontal and vertical orientation) for the 7 TeV case have been already done by the collimation team.
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
first simulations/optimization studies performed with SixTrack for 7 TeV case (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 IP1 IP2 IP3 IP4 IP5 IP6 IP7 IP8 s [m] quench limit losses on collimators cold losses warm losses
cleaning inefficiency (leakage) [1/m]
better worse quench limit better
s [m]
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
first simulations/optimization studies performed with SixTrack for 7 TeV case (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 IP1 IP2 IP3 IP4 IP5 IP6 IP7 IP8 s [m] quench limit losses on collimators cold losses warm losses
cleaning inefficiency (leakage) [1/m]
better worse quench limit better blue lines: losses in cryogenic regions must be under the quench limit! red lines: losses in non cryogenic region (room temperature) grey lines: losses in collimators quench limit!
s [m]
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
first simulations/optimization studies performed with SixTrack for 7 TeV case (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 19800 19900 20000 20100 20200 20300 20400 20500 IP7 quench limit losses on collimators cold losses warm losses
cleaning inefficiency (leakage) [1/m]
better worse quench limit better
s [m]
FUTURE PLANS
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 19800 19900 20000 20100 20200 20300 20400 20500 crystal IP7 s [m]
✤
Loss maps for different crystal bending angles have been considered
quench limit losses on collimators cold losses warm losses
cleaning inefficiency (leakage) [1/m]
better worse better
FUTURE PLANS
first simulations/optimization studies performed with SixTrack for 7 TeV case (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 19800 19900 20000 20100 20200 20300 20400 20500 crystal IP7 s [m]
✤
Loss maps for different crystal bending angles have been considered
quench limit losses on collimators cold losses warm losses
cleaning inefficiency (leakage) [1/m]
better worse better
found to be, both for the horizontal and the vertical case, about 40 μrad predicted efficiency improvement: ~ factor 15
FUTURE PLANS
first simulations/optimization studies performed with SixTrack for 7 TeV case (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 19800 19900 20000 20100 20200 20300 20400 20500 crystal IP7 s [m]
✤
Loss maps for different crystal bending angles have been considered
quench limit losses on collimators cold losses warm losses
cleaning inefficiency (leakage) [1/m]
better worse better
found to be, both for the horizontal and the vertical case, about 40 μrad predicted efficiency improvement: ~ factor 15
FUTURE PLANS
first simulations/optimization studies performed with SixTrack for 7 TeV case (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
even if the same discrepancy with simulation is found, a factor ~5 improvement is still expected
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
goniometer setups and three roman-pots. -> Fix the locations of the three crystals.
installation of crystals and roman pots can be made with a minimal impact on vacuum in a minimal time.
(under evaluation) and three mini-roman pots based on CERN technology already available.
and the crystal holder.
downstream the collimators.
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
complete characterization of the crystal collimation system is made by angular scan, collimator scan, scraper scan measurements.
✤
crystal collimation works and is proved to reduce the tertiary halo of up to a factor 5.
✤
discrepancies with the simulated results will be further investigated with:
DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS FUTURE PLANS
✤
a full set of layout changes are foreseen to be completed by the next experimental campaign: this will allow us to understand beam (and crystal) features.
✤
a high intensity beam is being prepared to measure the effective change of losses along the machine with the SPS BLMs.
✤
a letter of intent is being prepared for asking the insertion of three crystals in the existing collimation system, in the LHC IP7, by the end of 2012.
✤
foreseen to study optimal setting for the crystal collimation option.
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
Technicalities: precision, reproducibility and stability of the goniometer. Mechanical studies (thermal stability, robustness.. ) of the crystal and the crystal holder. Energy deposition studies (usually performed with FLUKA/ANSYS) to compute the secondary losses downstream the collimators/ Mechanical studies (FLUKA+ANSYS) on the beam dumper: study a dedicated absorber capable of managing high power depositions. Simulation studies for the skew orientation (changes in the code). Simulation studies for intermediate energies (only the 7 TeV case has been studies). Possible improvements for ion collimation (studies on ion fragmentation in crystal). Possible use of Multiple Volume Reflection for collimation.
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 primary halo beam core crystal collimator (1m Cu) tertiary halo multi-turn secondary halo single-turn secondary halo TAC (60 cm W) c h a n n e l e d b e a m
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 OUT tal2 IN
tal2 position [mm]
amorphous ncry channeling
always higher than the losses in channeling
2 September 2010
crystal aperture (from alignment) need to understand the range to consider to calculate the reduction factor (i.e. where is the tertiary halo?)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 OUT tal2 IN
tal2 position [mm]
amorphous
structure appears in this region...
ncry channeling
always higher than the losses in channeling
2 September 2010
crystal aperture (from alignment) need to understand the range to consider to calculate the reduction factor (i.e. where is the tertiary halo?)
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 tal2 OUT
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 IN
tal2 position [mm] two shoulders always observed are these correlated to the crystal and TAC positions?
2 September 2010
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
1- the distance between the two “shadows” is the expected one
crystal shadow? TAC shadow? 1.9 mm
two shoulders always observed
tal2 OUT
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 IN
tal2 position [mm] are these correlated to the crystal and TAC positions?
2 September 2010
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
1- the distance between the two “shadows” is the expected one
the crystal does not move TAC initial position 1.9±0.2 mm
two shoulders always observed
tal2 OUT
BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
tal2 IN
tal2 position [mm] are these correlated to the crystal and TAC positions?
the TAC is retracted
2.6±0.5 mm
2- when the TAC is retracted, the second shoulder moves accordingly however...
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011 tal2 OUT tal2 IN
tal2 position [mm] BLM5 / (dI/dt) [counts/(p/s)]
CRY shadow TAC shadow how to explain 5.5 mm between the crystal shadow and the alignment position?
ncry
crystal aperture (from alignment)
2 September 2010
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
1.the distance between the two “shadows” is the expected one
move the elements
if the shoulders were generated by on- momentum particles: we should find the alignment position for the crystal after the crystal shadow we should scrape the primary beam
2.channeling and amorphous curves do not overlap 3.the losses downstream the crystal do not decrease 4.there is no variation in the beam intensity (BCT) even entering 5 mm more than the crystal shadow 1.the distance between the alignment position and the cry shadow is > 5 mm
considering the dispersion value at TAL2 (3.4m) and the distance between the crystal shadow and the primary halo (5.5 mm), we got that the shadows must be generated by particles with a dp/p =1.6E-3 = 4σp further detailed studies next year on buch population and debunching
LARP CM16 - Montauk, NY - 15-18 May 2011
✤
first simulations/optimization studies have been performed with SixTrack by the Cern Collimation Team (V.Previtali PHD Thesis)
✤
Loss maps for different crystal bending angles have been considered
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 cold local cleaning inefficiency peak [1/m] power load peak in warm insertion[W] θb [ µrad]
cold losses quench limit warm losses Phase 1 cold peak
θb-Max θb-min
found to be, both for the horizontal and the vertical case, about 40 μrad predicted efficiency improvement: ~ factor 15
phase 1 quench limit
channeling angle