The main Injector Particle Production Experiment (MIPP) at Fermilab - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 1

The main Injector Particle Production Experiment (MIPP) at Fermilab –Status and plans

Rajendran Raja Fermilab

• Review Status of MIPP – E907- Took data till 2006 --18 million events– Analysis status
• Physics case for MIPP-Non perturbative QCD, scaling laws, missing baryon resonances
• Review the status of hadronic shower simulation models

» Status of particle production data

• Difficulties in using shower simulation models in experiments such as MINOS, MiniBoone,

Atmospheric neutrino production , muon collider neutrino factory particle production, Project X kaon production, mu2e expt fluxes all have a common source.—our lack of knowledge of the strong interaction /non-perturbative QCD

• Review status of MIPP Upgrade Proposal FNAL-P960

» to obtain much higher statistics/quality data -- Deferred till we publish

• Ways to use new data directly in simulators—Hadronic Interaction libraries
• Conclusions

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 2

MIPP I–E907-collaboration list

• Y. Fisyak

Brookhaven National Laboratory

• R. Winston

EFI, University of Chicago R.J.Peterson University of Colorado, Boulder, E.Swallow Elmhurst College and EFI W.Baker,D.Carey,J.Hylen, C.Johnstone,M.Kostin, H.Meyer, N.Mokhov, A.Para, R.Raja,S. Striganov Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

• G. Feldman, A.Lebedev, S.Seun

Harvard University P.Hanlet, O.Kamaev,D.Kaplan, H.Rubin,N.Solomey,Y.Torun Illinois Institute of Technology U.Akgun,G.Aydin,F.Duru,E.Gülmez,Y.Gunaydin,Y.Onel, A.Penzo University of Iowa N.Graf, M. Messier,J.Paley Indiana University P.D.BarnesJr.,E.Hartouni,M.Heffner,J.Klay,D.Lange,R.Soltz, D.Wright Lawrence Livermore Laboratory R.L.Abrams,H.R.Gustafson,M.Longo, T.Nigmanov,H-K.Park, D.Rajaram University of Michigan A.Bujak, L.Gutay,D.E.Miller Purdue University T.Bergfeld,A.Godley,S.R.Mishra,C.Rosenfeld,K.Wu University of South Carolina C.Dukes,L.C.Lu,C.Maternick,K.Nelson,A.Norman University of Virginia

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 3

Brief Description of Experiment

• Approved November 2001
• Situated in Meson Center 7
• Uses 120GeV Main Injector Primary protons to

produce secondary beams of π± K ± p ± from 5 GeV/c to 85 GeV/c to measure particle production cross sections of various nuclei including hydrogen.

• Using a TPC we measure momenta of ~all charged

particles produced in the interaction and identify the charged particles in the final state using a combination of dE/dx, ToF, differential Cherenkov and RICH technologies.

• Open Geometry- Lower systematics. TPC gives

high statistics. Existing data poor quality.

• First Physics run- 18 million events 2005. Ended

Feb 2006– Analyzing data

• Physics Case for E907 and P960

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 4

We have a theory of the strong interaction—in theory

• Why study non-perturbative QCD? Answer:- We do not know how

to calculate a single cross section in non-perturbative QCD! This is >99% of the total QCD cross section. Perturbative QCD has made impressive progress. But it relies on structure functions for its calculations, which are non-perturbative and derived from data.

• Feynman scaling, KNO scaling, rapidity plateaus are all violated. We

cannot predict elastic cross sections, diffractive cross sections, let alone inclusive or semi-inclusive processes. Regge “theory” is in fact a phenomenology whose predictions are flexible and can be easily altered by adding more trajectories.

• Most existing data are old, low statistics with poor particle id.
• QCD theorist states- We have a theory of the strong interaction

and it is quantum chromodynamics. Experimentalist asks– what does QCD predict? One finds that we can only use the theory where the strong interaction becomes weak!

• We have declared this physics as “uninteresting” for ~ 30 years

and hence our problems with systematics in every experiment where the strong interaction is either the signal or the background.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 5

General scaling law of particle fragmentation

• States that the ratio of a semi-inclusive cross

section to an inclusive cross section

• where M2,s and t are the Mandelstam variables for

the missing mass squared, CMS energy squared and the momentum transfer squared between the particles a and c. PRD18(1978)204.

• Using EHS data, we have tested and verified the

law in 12 reactions (DPF92) but only at fixed s.

• MIPP will in principle test this in 36 reactions.

MIPP upgrade can extend these scaling relation tests to two particle inclusive reactions which requires more statistics.

f a b c X f a b c X f M s t f M s t M

subset subset subset

( ) ( ) ( , , ) ( , , ) ( ) + → + + → + ≡ =

2 2 2

β

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 6

Scaling Law

Continuing on to physical t values, one gets Essentially, it states that semi-inclusive cross sections are not all independent but are connected by these relations.

) ( ) , , ( ) ( ) ( ) , , ( ) (

2 2 2 2

M D t s M F X abc M D t s M F X abc

s

X s X

= → = → σ σ ) ( ) ( ) , , ( ) ( ) , , ( ) ( ) (

2 2 2 2 2

M M D t s M F M D t s M F X abc X abc

sub X X sub

sub

α σ σ = = → → ) ( ) ( ) (

2

M X c ab f X c ab f

sub sub

α = + → + →

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 7

Scaling Law-EHS results

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 8

Other physics interests

High Multiplicity excess due to Bose- Einstein effects in pion emission? GSI Darmstadt/ KVI are interested in measuring anti- proton cross sections for helping them design the PANDA detector better. Nuclear physics- y scaling, propagation of strangeness through nuclei. Measure spallation products. Measure particle production

• ff targets such as mercury,

tanalum for neutrino factory/muon collider

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 9

Hadronic Shower Simulation problem

• All neutrino flux problems (NUMI,

MiniBoone, K2K, T2K,Nova, Minerva) and all Calorimeter design problems and all Jet energy scale systematics (not including jet definition ambiguities here) can be reduced to one problem- the current state of hadronic shower simulators.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 10

Missing baryon Resonances

• Partial wave analyses of πN scattering have

yielded some of the most reliable information of masses, total widths and πN branching fractions. In order to determine couplings to other channels, it is necessary to study in elastics such as

• All of the known baryon resonances can be

described by quark-diquark states. Quark models predict a much richer spectrum. Where are the missing resonances? F.Wilczek, A. Selem

• “..this could form the quantitative foundation for

an effective theory of hadrons based on flux tubes”– F.Wilczek

Λ → → →

− − + − −

; ; K p n p n p π π π π η π p p K p p p

− + +

→ Λ → → π π γ γ π γ ; ;

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 11

Data Taken In current run

Data Summary 27 February 2006 Acquired Data by Target and Beam Energy Number of events, x 106 Target E Z Element Trigger Mix 5 20 35 40 55 60 65 85 120 Total Empty1 Normal 0.10 0.14 0.52 0.25 1.01 K Mass2 No Int. 5.48 0.50 7.39 0.96 14.33 Empty LH1 Normal 0.30 0.61 0.31 1 LH Normal 0.21 1.94 1.98 1.73 7.08 p only 1.08 4 Be Normal 0.10 0.56 1.75 C Mixed 0.21 C 2% Mixed 0.39 0.26 0.47 1.33 6 NuMI p only 1.78 1.78 13 Al Normal 0.10 0.10 p only 1.05 83 Bi Normal 0.52 1.26 2.83 92 U Normal 1.18 1.18 Total 0.21 2.73 0.86 5.48 0.50 13.97 0.96 2.04 4.63 31.38

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 12

MIPP Secondary Beam

Installed in 2003. Excellent performance. Ran it successfully in MIPP from 5- 85 GeV/c secondaries and 120 GeV/c primary protons. Excellent particle ID capabilities using 2 Beam Cerenkovs. For low momenta (<~10 GeV/c) ToF is used for pid. Design principles and lessons learned used in M-test upgrade.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 13

Jolly Green Giant TPC Cerenkov Time of Flight Rosie RICH Chambers Neutron Calorimeter

MIPP

Main Injector Particle Production Experiment (FNAL-E907)

Jolly Green Giant TPC Cerenkov Time of Flight Rosie RICH Chambers Neutron Calorimeter EM shower detector

MIPP

Main Injector Particle Production Experiment (FNAL-E907)

Vertical cut plane

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 14

Installation in progress- Collision Hall

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 15

TPC

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 16

RICH rings pattern recognized

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 17

Beam Cherenkovs

)

3

Density (mlb/ft

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Fraction of triggers

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10

• ut

× Upstrm Beam Cherenkov in

• ut

× Upstrm Beam Cherenkov in

)

3

Density (mlb/ft

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Fraction of triggers

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10

• ut

× Dwnstrm Beam Cherenkov in

• ut

× Dwnstrm Beam Cherenkov in

)

3

Density (mlb/ft 10 20 30 40 50 60 Fraction of triggers

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

• ut

× Upper Beam Cherenkov in

)

3

Density (mlb/ft 10 20 30 40 50 60 Fraction of triggers

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

• ut

× Lower Beam Cherenkov in

+40 GeV/c

• 40

GeV/c

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 18

Comparing Beam Cherenkov to RICH for +40 GeV beam triggers-No additional cuts!

Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

richProton

Entries 987 Mean 21.91 RMS 0.5726

Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

richProton

Entries 987 Mean 21.91 RMS 0.5726 Distribution of RICH Ring Radii with Proton Trigger

Protons, 99.8% Protons, 99.8% Protons, 99.8% Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30

richKaon

Entries 1084 Mean 27.19 RMS 1.134 Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

richKaon

Entries 1084 Mean 27.19 RMS 1.134 Distribution of RICH Ring Radii with Kaon Trigger Protons, 3.7% Protons, 3.7% Kaons, 93.6% Pions, 2.2% Pions, 2.2% Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30

richPion

Entries 1214 Mean 29.11 RMS 0.341 Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

richPion

Entries 1214 Mean 29.11 RMS 0.341 Distribution of RICH Ring Radii with Pion Trigger Pions, 99.8% Pions, 99.8%

Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Reconstructed ring radius (cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Distribution of RICH Ring Radii in Beam

Protons, 54.3% Kaons, 3.7% Pions, 41.4% Protons, 54.3% Protons, 54.3% Kaons, 3.7% Pions, 41.4%

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 19

MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7

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MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 SubRun: 0 Event: 160 Sat Jul 16 2005 11:22:30.687398 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0080 Bits: 80D7 MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: NuMI Run: 15007 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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 20

TPC Reconstructed tracks

MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F

z ( c m )

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X

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20 40 track 7 track 3 track 10 track 8 track 11 track 6 track 2 track 1 track 21 track 22

X

MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F MIPP (FNAL E907) Target: Beryllium Run: 12719 SubRun: 0 Event: 9 Mon Feb 28 2005 03:18:40.377278 *** Trigger *** Beam Word: 0400 Bits: C44F

SLIDE 21

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 21

dE/dx in the TPC

p/Z (GeV/c) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 (dE/dx) a.u.

10

log 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

,k,p(+20 GeV) + Carbon 2% π

(dE/dx) a.u.

10

log 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

,k,p(+20 GeV) + Carbon 2% π 0.15<p/Z<0.25 (GeV/c)

π

p p

k

p/Z [GeV/c] 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 (<dE/dx>) [a.u.]

10

log 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 (<dE/dx>) [a.u.]

10

log 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50 100 150 200 250

• e

K p 0.3 < p/Z < 0.4 GeV/c

SLIDE 22

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 22

Spectrometer Calibration

• Chamber alignment

done for every run » Helped to find bugs in geometry description and refine magnetic field maps

• TPC electron drift

velocity measured for every run » Strong correlation with water vapor contamination

SLIDE 23

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 23

TPC Hit Reconstruction

• JGG field is non-uniform

» Enormous effect on electron drift in Ar/CH4

• Previous experiments

applied corrections based

• n steady state solution to

linear model

v B v e E e dt v d m r r r r r τ 1 − × + =

TPC Drift Volume Boundary v B v e E e dt v d m r r r r r τ 1 − × + = 5 . / 1 . < <

y z B

B

y z B

B / 5 . < 1 . / <

y z B

B

SLIDE 24

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 24

TPC Hit (cont.)

• Linear model fails to

describe electron drift

• We use Magboltz

simulation to map out drift velocity components as a function of v0, B- field strength, and angle between E and B-fields

• Good agreement with TPC

data

Linear model X (cm) Y (cm) Magboltz Simulation Raw Data, 120 GeV/c Track X (cm) Y (cm)

SLIDE 25

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 25

Linear Drift Model vs Magboltz

• Magnetic field

inside the TPC varies from 3.5 to 8 kG

• The angle

between E and B fields goes up to 50 degrees

• Difference in

drift velocity components reaches 30%

» With 5 cm

correction that's 1.5 cm!

SLIDE 26

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 26

Track Reconstruction

Plots from 120 GeV/c proton data

• TPC tracks are fitted

to helices

» Non-uniform B-field complicates the task

• Matched to chamber

wires to form global tracks

» Fit using track templates

• Momentum resolution

5.5% at 120 GeV/c

» Drift times are not yet used

SLIDE 27

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 27

Vertex Reconstruction

• Vertex finding is

done with deterministic annealing filter

• Vertex-constrained

fit done with track templates

» 6mm vertex Z resolution » X,Y resolution < 1mm

Target Interaction trigger counter

SLIDE 28

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 28

Calibration (cont.)

• Global tracking is used

to

» Align the RICH » Align EM calorimeter » Compute drift attenuation in the TPC » Compute ToF cable delays » Calibrate Ckov light

• utput

» Calibrate RICH index of refraction

• Calibration to be

completed within 2 weeks

EM Cal Alignment

SLIDE 29

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 29

Event Reconstruction Summary

• Track reconstruction

» Form hits in TPC, find tracks and fit to helices » Match TPC tracks to chamber hits, fit using track template method

• Vertex reconstruction

» Find vertices using Deterministic Annealing Filter (DAF) » Make vertex constrained fits using track templates

• Particle identification

» Compute TPC dE/dX, track ToF, Cherenkov likelihood » Match tracks to RICH rings and compute likelihoods » Match tracks to calorimeter showers

SLIDE 30

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 30

NUMI target pix

SLIDE 31

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 31 Preliminary Comparison of NUMI target to FLUKA predictions

fTotalMom Entries 128023 Mean 4.217 RMS 7.843

Momentum (GeV) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Tracks per proton

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 1

fTotalMom Entries 128023 Mean 4.217 RMS 7.843 NuMI Target Analysis fEvtMult Entries 9973 Mean 12.84 RMS 8.117

Multiplicity 10 20 30 40 50 60 Events/Incident Protons

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10

fEvtMult Entries 9973 Mean 12.84 RMS 8.117 NuMI Target Analysis

RICH Rings from NUMI target

SLIDE 32

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 32

Particle ID (cont.)

• RICH ring radius

gives very good particle ID within acceptance

» e/μ/π to 12 GeV/c ≈ π/K/p to 100 GeV/c

• Detector is

calibrated and well understood

e+ e- μ μ π π K K p p

SLIDE 33

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 33

Reconstructed Proton-Carbon at 120 GeV/c Event

TPC X TPC Y Global Y Global X RICH Wire Chambers EM Cal Hadron Cal

TOF Wall

SLIDE 34

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 34

MIPP Cherenkov

C4F10 gas Thresholds π= 2.5 GeV/c K = 8.9 GeV/c P = 17.5 GeV/c

SLIDE 35

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 35

Ckov analysis-

1 10

2

10 x (cm)

• 100

100 y (cm)

• 50

50

Isolated Track Positions at Ckov Mirror Plane, ADC Above Threshold 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Isolated Track Positions at Ckov Mirror Plane, ADC Above Threshold

Isolated track positions with ADC above threshold

SLIDE 36

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 36

Ckov analysis

• Every mirror calibrated with data assuming

pions and Poisson statistics. Light yield lower than expected.

• 1

10 1 10 Momentum (GeV/c) 15 20 25 30 35 LL(K)-LL(p)

• 5

5 LL(K)-LL(p) vs. Momentum LL(K)-LL(p) vs. Momentum

15 20 25 30 35 100 200 300

1 10

2

10 Momentum (GeV/c) 10 15 20 25 )-LL(K) π LL(

• 5

5 )-LL(K) vs. Momentum π LL( )-LL(K) vs. Momentum π LL(

10 15 20 25 1000 2000

SLIDE 37

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 37

Time of Flight Wall

Designed and built by MIPP 5cmx 5cm square scintillator bars in Rosie aperture, 10cmx10cm outside. ~ 200ps resolution.

C]

• temperature [

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Top time, ns

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

tTop_vs_tmp, bar:307

runs:14526-15250 : 1-10 GeV/c

trk

p

tTop_vs_tmp, bar:307

Temperature systematics Crosstalk when neighboring bars hit

SLIDE 38

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 38

Tof analysis

SLIDE 39

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 39

ToF analysis

)

4

/c

2

(GeV

2

m

• 1

1 2 1 10

2

10

3

10

Distribution, p < 1.1 GeV/c

2

ToF m

SLIDE 40

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 40

Calorimeters

EM calorimeter followed by hadron calorimeter

SLIDE 41

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 41

Calorimeter Analysis

trk

/ E

e+h

E

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000

0.000 ± m: 1.006 0.000 ± : 0.079 σ

EMCAL energy, GeV

• 5

5 10 15 20 25 30

total energy, GeV

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

• electrons, 20 GeV
• protons, 19 GeV
• muons

SLIDE 42

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 42

Acceptances and resolutions

• Full MC Geant3 based. Use known tracks and match them to found

tracks to determine acceptance*tracking efficiency + momentum resolution.

• MC event display

SLIDE 43

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 43

Acceptances

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Total MC tracks p vs Theta

hmcsum Entries 885852

Total MC tracks p vs Theta

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Lab theta angle vs Reco momentum for Reco no MC tracks hthetprnom Entries 63137 Lab theta angle vs Reco momentum for Reco no MC tracks

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Lab theta angle vs MC momentum for MC no Reco tracks hthetpmnor Entries 77308 Lab theta angle vs MC momentum for MC no Reco tracks

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Efficiency p Theta

heffp Entries 808544

Efficiency p Theta

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Efficiency x projection

heffx Entries 806669

Efficiency x projection

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Efficiency y projection

heffy Entries 806669

Efficiency y projection

SLIDE 44

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 44

Feynman x acceptance

SLIDE 45

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 45

MIPP Momentum resolution

Track Momentum GeV/c 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 dp/p

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

HARP

MIPP

HARP MIPP Resolution Comparison

SLIDE 46

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 46

Hadron Shower Simulator problem

• Timely completion of MIPP upgrade progam can help

systematics in, CMS/ATLAS, CALICE and all neutrino experiments.

• Describe how showering is done in calorimeter simulations
• Why are correlations important?
• In order to have better simulator, we need to measure event

by event data with excellent particle ID using 6 beam species (pi,K,P and antiparticles) off various nuclei at momenta ranging from 1 GeV/c to ~100 GeV/c. MIPP upgrade is well positioned to obtain this data.

• MIPP can help with the nuclear slow neutron problem.—

plastic ball detector

• Current simulators use a lot of „Tuned theory“. Propose using

real library of events and interpolation.

SLIDE 47

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 47

Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop HSSW06

• Venue—Fermilab

September 6-8, 2006

• Experts from GEANT4,

FLUKA, MARS, MCNPX, and PHITS attended as well users from Neutrino, ILC, Atlas, CMS

• communities. Goal was to

reduce systematics between various models and arrive at a suite of programs that can be relied on.

• Major conclusion—too many

models-new particle production data on thin targets needed to improve models.

SLIDE 48

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 48

Describe a widely used model—

Reggeon exchange. Can either be thought of as a sum of t channel exchanges or as a sum

• f s channel resonances–

Hence Dual.

Pomeron exchange Does not depend on flavor of scattering particles.

There exists no workable theory of the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime. No cross section (elastic, diffractive, central) can be calculated from first principles. People resort to models with tunable parameters and arbtraty assumptions. To illustrate– let us review briefly DPMJET (Dual Parton Jet) concepts similar to QGSJET. Used in Fluka as well as by itself similar to QGSJET in Geant4.

SLIDE 49

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 49

Dual Parton Model- Concepts-Optical theorem

Reggeon Exchange- Single string of hadrons Pomeron Exchange-Two strings of hadrons

SLIDE 50

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 50

Conceptual problem- Matching soft and hard processes.

This is done by tuning the transition region carefully! And arbitrarily

SLIDE 51

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 51

DPMJET-Multiplicities-Slides from R.Engel

SLIDE 52

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 52

DPMJET- Collider distributions (R.Engel)

SLIDE 53

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 53

HSSW06 programs and models used by them

SLIDE 54

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 54

Models Fit to data where they have been tuned

• Tuning done in single inclusive variable –egFeynman

x or multiplicity.

• Errors in models multiply when applied to the

calorimeter problem. Repeated showering causes systematics to be enlarged.

• In order to get longitudinal and transverse shapes

correctly, one needs to not only single particle inclusive cross sections but also multiparticle correlations.

• To do this we need new data.
• To illustrate—Neutrino targets (many interaction

lengths) and transverse size of target restricted.

SLIDE 55

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 55

Miniboone Miniboone-

• Sanford

Sanford-

• Wang (SW)

Wang (SW) parametrizaion parametrizaion of E910 and

• f E910 and

HARP compared to other models HARP compared to other models

The differences are dramatic in the The differences are dramatic in the between models between models! But the E910 and ! But the E910 and HARP cross sections determine the correct model, which is very c HARP cross sections determine the correct model, which is very close to lose to MARS MARS.

.— —Does this mean MARS is now the correct simulator Does this mean MARS is now the correct simulator to use? to use?

• D. Schmitz

SLIDE 56

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 56

LE10/185kA

MINOS problem– (from S.Kopp) Reconstructed Energy (GeV) Data/MC Events/bin

20 40 60 80

(other beams fit simultaneously) (ovflw)

SLIDE 57

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 57

Meurer et al –Cosmic ray showers Discontinuity- Gheisha at low energies and QGSJET at higher energies-Simulation of air showers

(GeV)

kin

E 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

kin

dN/dE

kin

E 1 10

2

10

3

10

(GeV)

kin

E 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

6

10

200m < R < 500m 50m < R < 200m 0m < R < 50m

SLIDE 58

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 58

Model Predictions: proton-proton at the LHC –Totem Expt-

S.Lami

Predictions in the forward region within the CMS/TOTEM acceptance

(T1 + T2 + CASTOR)

Multiplicity Total Energy

SLIDE 59

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 59

Benchmark example from HSSW06- (N.Mokhov,S.Striganov,D.Wright et al)

• Energy deposit profile as a function

longitudinal depth in a tungsten rod of 1cm radius—Challenges to get longitudinal and transverse distributions correctly simultaneously.

2 4 6 8 10 Thickness (cm) 10 20 30 40 50 Energy deposition (MeV/cm) MARS15 GEANT4 FLUKA PHITS MCNPX 2 4 6 8 10 Thickness (cm) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Energy deposition (MeV/cm)

MARS15 GEANT4 FLUKA PHITS MCNPX

50 GeV

1 GeV/c protons 50 GeV/c protons

SLIDE 60

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 60

Models plotted as a function of ratio to data.

• Plotted on right are

the ratios of model/data for various final state particles for 67 GeV/c protons on a thick aluminum target at protvino. Discrepancies of

• rder 5-6 are

evident between model and data. Models disagree amongst themselves.

SLIDE 61

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 61

Model Input data unreliable-some over 30 yrs old a recent example 60% normalization error between 2 experiments.

SLIDE 62

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 62

Thin target data model comparisons

Mean

• 0.6365

RMS 0.4582

Feynman x

• 1
• 0.5

0.5 1 dN/dx 2 4 6 8 10 12

Mean

• 0.6365

RMS 0.4582

p U --> p x

20 GeV/c

G4 LEP

Feynman x dN/dx

MARS-LAQGSM 20 GeV/c p U 256 p x MARS-LAQGSM MARS-INC

5 10 15 20 25 30

• 1
• 0.75
• 0.5
• 0.25

0.25 0.5 0.75 1

SLIDE 63

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 63

Thin target data model comparisons

Mean 20.82 RMS 7.627

number of particles 10 20 30 40 50 60 probability 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

Mean 20.82 RMS 7.627

p U

20 GeV/c

G4 LEP

Mean RMS 68.62 38.02 number of particles probability

MARS-LAQGSM 20 GeV/c p U

0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

SLIDE 64

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 64

Interest in MIPP Upgrade data

January 10, 2008

• Dr. R. Raja

Fermilab Re: Interest in data provided by the upgraded MIPP experiment at Fermilab Dear Raja: We would like to express our keen interest in utilizing the data provided by the upgraded MIPP experiment at Fermilab in improving the predictive power of hadronic shower simulation codes. The upgraded MIPP experiment will provide high quality data with final state particle identification on 30 nuclei using six beam species with momentum ranging from 1 to 90 GeV/c. The present codes use models that are tuned on single-particle inclusive data taken over many years and not always mutually consistent with each other. The MIPP upgrade data will eliminate a significant portion of the systematic uncertainties involved in hadronic shower simulations. Improved codes will benefit diverse fields within the HEP community, such as the fixed target neutrino and kaon programs, the atmospheric neutrino program, cosmic rays, calorimetry simulations in hadron collider experiments, as well as outside HEP such as studies to design radiation safe spacecraft environments. Improved codes will also help planning and calorimeter design studies for the International Linear Collider and a Muon Collider. Sincerely, John Apostolakis (CERN), Dennis Wright (SLAC), on behalf of the GEANT4 team Nikolai Mokhov (Fermilab) on behalf of the MARS team Koji Niita (RIST/JAEA) on behalf of the PHITS team Laurie Waters (LANL) on behalf of the MCNPX team

SLIDE 65

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 65

MIPP Upgrade P-960-collaboration list

D.Isenhower,M.Sadler,R.Towell,S.Watson Abilene Christian University R.J.Peterson University of Colorado, Boulder W.Baker,B.Baldin,D.Carey, D.Christian,M.Demarteau,D.Jensen,C.Johnstone,H.Meyer, R.Raja,A.Ronzhin,N.Solomey,W.Wester,J-Y Wu Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Bill Briscoe, Igor Strakovsky, Ron Workman George Washington University, Washington D.C H.Gutbrod,B.Kolb,K.Peters, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

• G. Feldman,

Harvard University Y.Torun, Illinois Institute of Technology

• M. Messier,J.Paley

Indiana University U.Akgun,G.Aydin,F.Duru,E.Gülmez,Y.Gunaydin,Y.Onel, A.Penzo University of Iowa V.Avdeichicov,R.Leitner,J.Manjavidze,V.Nikitin,I.Rufanov,A.Sissakian,T.Topuria Joint Institute for Nuclear Researah, Dubna, Russia D.M.Manley, Kent State University H.Löhner, J.Messchendorp, KVI, Groningen, Netherlands H.R.Gustafson,M.Longo,T.Nigmanov, D.Rajaram University of Michigan S.P.Kruglov,I.V.Lopatin,N.G.Kozlenko,A.A.Kulbardis,D.V.Nowinsky, A.K.Radkov,V.V.Sumachev Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia A.Bujak, L.Gutay, Purdue University D.Bergman, G.Thomson Rutgers University A.Godley,S.R.Mishra,C.Rosenfeld University of South Carolina C.Dukes,C.Materniak,K.Nelson,A.Norman University of Virginia P.Desiati, F.Halzen, T.Montaruli, University of Wisconsin, Madison P.Sokolsky, W.Springer University of Utah 10 new institutions have joined. More in negotiations. Previous collaboration built MIPP up from ground level. Less to do this time round. More data.

SLIDE 66

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 66

The Proposal in a nutshell

• MIPP one can take data at ~30Hz. The limitation is the TPC electronics

which are 1990’s vintage. We plan to speed this rate up to 3000Hz using ALTRO/PASA chips developed for the ALICE collaboration.

• Beam delivery rate– We assume the delivery of a single 4 second spill every

two minutes from the Main Injector. We assume a 42% downtime of the Main Injector for beam manipulation etc. This is conservative. Using these figures, we can acquire 5 million events per day.

• Jolly Green Giant Coil Replacement- Towards the end of our run, the bottom

two coils of the JGG burned out. We have decided to replace both the top and bottom coils with newly designed aluminum coils that have better field characteristics for the TPC drift. The coil order has been placed ($200K).

• Beamline upgrade- The MIPP secondary beamline ran satisfactorily from 5

5GeV/c-85GeV/c. We plan to run it from ~1 GeV/c to 85 GeV/c. The low momentum running will be performed using low current power supplies that regulate better. Hall probes in magnets will eliminate hysteresis effects.

• TPC Readout Upgrade-We have ordered 1100 ALTRO/PASA chips from

CERN ($80K). The order had to go in with a bigger STAR collaboration

• rder to reduce overhead. We expect delivery in the new year of tested

chipsets.

SLIDE 67

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 67

The Proposal in a nutshell

• MIPP- Recoil detector- GSI- Darmstadt / KVI Groningen have joined us. They will

bring the plastic ball detector (a hemisphere of it) which will serve to identify recoil (wide angle) neutrons, protons and gammas from our targets. + Recoil cluster

counting chamber ?

• Triggering system- We propose to replace the MIPP interaction trigger

(scintillator/wire chamber) with 3 planes of silicon pixels based on the B-TeV design. Will enable us to trigger more efficiently on low multiplicity events.

• Drift Chamber/ PWC electronics- These electronics (E690/RMH) worked well for the

first run. They are old (1990’s). RMH will not do 3kHz. We will replace both systems with a new design that utilizes some of the infrastructure we developed for the RICH readout.

• ToF/CKOV readout-Plan to build new readout based on TripT chip (Used by Minerva)

and a high resolution TDC chip. Will use the VME readout cards in common with RICH, TPC

• RICH detector and the Beam Cerenkovs will work as is.
• Calorimeter Readout- Switch to FERA ADC’s (PREP).
• DAQ software upgrade- Front end DAQ software needs to be developed. The MIPP

DAQ control software+ Data base can be kept as is.

• Plan is to store one spill’s worth of data on each detector and read out the whole lot at

end of spill.

SLIDE 68

January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 68

Nuclei of interest- 1st pass list

• The A-List
• H2,D2,Li,Be,B,C,N2,O2,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Ar,K,Ca,,Fe,Ni,C

u,Zn,Nb,Ag,Sn,W,Pt,Au,Hg,Pb,Bi,U

• The B-List
• Na, Ti,V, Cr,Mn,Mo,I, Cd, Cs, Ba
• On each nucleus, we can acquire 5 million

events/day with one 4sec beam spill every 2 mins and a 42% downtime.

• We plan to run several different momenta and

both charges.

• The libraries of events thus produced will be fed

into shower generator programs which currently have 30 year old single arm spectrometer data with high systematics

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 69

The recoil detector

3.3. Plastic Ball

31

HV Photomultiplier Plastic Scintillator (E) (τ < 10 ns) CaF ( E) s) ∼ Optical Fiber Signal Base 4mm 36 cm Lightguide ∼ Δ (τ 1µ

2

Figure 3.5: Schematic drawing of an individual Plastic-Ball detector.

Detect recoil protons, neutrons, pizeros and charged pions,kaons

photons leptons protons

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 70

Spallation products

• Such a recoil detector coupled with the TPC can detect

spallation products such as “grey” and “Black” protons, and neutrons as well as nuclear fragments.

• Table from Textbook on Calorimetry by Wigmans

Binding Evaportion n Cascade n Ionization Target Energy (# neutrons) (# neutrons) (#cascade p) recoil Before first reaction (250)(πin) First reaction 126 27(9) 519 (4.2) 350(2.8) 28 Generation 2 187 63(21) 161(1.7) 105(1.1) 3 Generation 3 77 24(8) 36(1.1) 23 (0.7) 1 Generation 4 24 12(3) Total 414 126(41) 478(4.6) 32 TABLE I: Destination of 1.3 GeV total energy carried by an average pion produced in hadronic shower development in lead. Energies are in MeV.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 71

Can we reduce our dependence on models?

• Answer- Yes- With the MIPP Upgrade

experiment, one can acquire 5 million events per day on various nuclei with six beam species (π±,K±,p±) with beam momenta ranging from 1 GeV/c-90 GeV/c. Full acceptance over phase space, including info

• n nuclear fragmentation
• This permits one to consider random

access event libraries that can be used to generate the interactions in the shower.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 72

Random Access Data Libraries

• Typical storage needed
• Mean multiplicities and total and elastic cross

section curves are parametrised as a function

• f s.
• Nuclei

beam species momentum bins events/bin tracks/event words/track

30 6 10 100000 10 5 Number of events 1.80E+08 Number of days 36 Total number of words 9.00E+09 to take data Bytes 3.60E+10

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 73

Upgrade in some detail- JGG repair

• Field calculations.
• Blue triangles current field.
• Inverted blue triangles 9”

extension in z.

• Squares, circles show coils that

are +12”, +18” longer in z.

• 9” longer coils chosen.
• Much better ExB effects in the
• TPC. Distortions lower by a factor
• f 2.
• Coils made of Aluminum.
• Coils ordered. Money committed.
• We will ziptrack new magnet
• JGG Pole pieces have to be

lengthened

• WBS task 2

» M&S 279K, Labor $141K

• Coils fabricated.
• Magnet will be

reassembled in Spring’08

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 74

TPC Electronics Upgrade

October 19 ,2006 Rajendran Raja, Presentation to the Fermilab PAC 74

15,360 pads in TPC. 16μs to drift from top to bottom. IN principle, there are 3,800,000 individual data points possible. Each data point is a time bucket and a dE/dx ADC value. A MIPP event sparsely populates this space and is ~ 110kBytes in

• size. The old readout is 1990’s vintage

and the readout system is heavily multiplexed and limited to 60Hz

• maximum. For our events, we were able to

achieve ~30Hz. Redesign with ALICE ALTRO/PASA chips with inbuilt zero suppression can produce a readout working at 3kHz. A factor of 100 in speed. 10 times more data using 10 times less beam time!

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 75

TPC electronics upgrade

• Old MIPP TPC “Stick” – 120 of these.
• New MIPP TPC “stick” layout using

ALTRO/PASA chips. Chips in hand

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 76

MIPP Trigger Upgrade

• Beam sizes are large in MIPP

due to the “low divergence” condition needed for beam CKOV’s.

• Previous trigger of SCINT

counter + 1st drift chamber wire signals performed satisfactorily for MIPP –I physics but needs improvement at low multiplicities—Landau tails.

• We propose to use silicon

pixel counters (B-TEV, Phenix).

• Use a “Bull’s Eye” system to

detect absence of beam particle in final state to signal interactions. Also use the multiplicity in the final state as an additional piece

• f information.

target fPix Silicon Detector of 3 planes of 48 fPix 2.1 chips

beam 1 2 3 4 First layer before target tags where beam is and that there was only 1 hit cell. Brown circle represents where 86% of the beam hits the 4 cells in the center. A bulls eye target, shown in blue, is made around the one cell hit location of plane1.

Non-interacting track Interacting track

1 3 4

Using position 2 and 3 for thin targets and position 3 and 4 for the thicker cryo targets.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 77

Drift Chamber/ PWC readout Upgrade

• Large PWC’s use old CERN RMH

electronics- Needs replacement.

• E690 electronics will work at

these speed, if CAMAC DMA is

• implemented. The electronics are

also aging and also put out a lot of heat.

• MIPP proposes a unified scheme

for reading out both sets of chambers using a system that modifies the MIPP RICH readout cards by changing the latch to a TDC.

• Preamp cards being replaced

Preamp/Discriminator front end cards.

• The RICH cards will store an

entire spill’s worth of events, which are readout in between spills.

• WBS task 4.2 M&S $121.2K,

Labor $28.7K. Newest of the design efforts. Probably need to add 50% contingency.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 78

ToF, CkOV, Calorimeter readouts

• ToF/CkOV readout

» Front end boards—TripT chip used by Minerva(ADC) and a high end TDC chip (TDC-GPX from ACAM, also used by LHC-b 30 ps timing resolution). Will buffer an entire spill. Delay cables will be eliminated. » Backend will use RICH VME readout card for ToF/CkoV. » WBS Task 4.3 M&S $16K Labor $18K

• Calorimeter Readout

» Propose 4 crates of FERA ADC’s (K-TeV + PREP) » Read out by 2 Hytec1365 CAMAC readout controllers. » WBS Task 4.4 M&S $15K

Beam Line Upgrade Add low current power supplies and hall probes to facilitate low momentum running WBS task 8 M&S $56K

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 79

MIPP DAQ System upgrade

• Most of the DAQ upper layer

software (Run control, Book keeping, plots) can be kept as is.

• New Power PC 5500’s replace 6

existing ones.

• Linux kernel to migrate to it.(10

person weeks)

• Camac Hytec 1365V5 Module

software(2 weeks)

• Update Event builder(6 weeks)
• FERA ADC readout (5 weeks)
• Modify event monitor(2 weeks)
• New fPix readout PC, DAQ PC with

1TB disk storage. All PC’s will have GBit and 100MBit fast ethernet ports.

• 100 kbytes/event. 1.2 Gbyte of data

per spill.

• 200Mbits/sec transfer from MC7

to Ptkmp.

• 6 Mbytes/second transfer rate into

ENSTORE is needed to transfer 5 million events/day. CDF/D0 do 30- 60 Mbytes/sec routinely.

4x Camac Crates with Hytec 1365v5 CC RICH and Wire Chamber VME Crate 3x fPix PCI crate TPC VME Crate fPix PC 1 CPU and local disk near target Slow controls PC DAQ PC, 2 CPU 100 Gbyte Local disk and Data Base Monitoring PC 2 CPU AC Net PC HV PC Second 1000 Gbyte Mirrored Data disk 1000 Gbyte Mirrored DATA disk fPix Console in control room HV Terminal Slow controls Beam Control Monitoring Control Terminal Run Control Console 5 Displays for spill summary Histograms and 1 Display for displaying 10% of events.

FCC

DAQ for MIPP Upgrade

WBS Task 6 M&S $47K, Labor $39K

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 80

Miscellaneous upgrades

• Beam Veto wall upgrade- Increase veto counter

area

» WBS task 9 M&S $20.1K Labor $1.5K

• Cryogenic target upgrade

» Increase diameter of transfer pipe to cut interactions due to beam tails. » Spare cryo-cooler » Operate with Liquid N2 flask. » WBS Task 3.2 M&S $68K Labor$ 76K

• Gas system and slow control upgrades

» Methylal refrigerator filling to be automated » Automate RICH vessel topping up with CO2 » Upgrade P10 gas system-to be supplied semi trailer rather than bottles. » Upgrade Beam CKOV vacuum instrumentation (failure detection) » More temperature probes in hall. » CKOV pressure sensors to be replaced » Additional slow control infra-structure – APACS system » WBS task 3.1 M&S $40.5K, Labor $29.9K

• RICH and CKOV phototubes

» 7 CKOV PMT’s need replacement (total 96) » WBS task 3.5 M&S $10K » 912 PMT’s in RICH were lost due to fire. RICH works without them. But upgrading it by more PMT’s will help with efficiency near threshold. » WBS task 3.6 FNAL M&S $0K In kind $150K

TPC rewind- Optional WBS task 3.3 M&S $9K

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 81

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 82

Run Plan

Phase 1 R un Plan

Target Number of Ev ents Running Time Phy sics Need (M illions) (Day s) G roup

NuMI Low Energy target 10 2 MINOS MINERVA NuMI Medium Energy T arget 10 2 MINERVA NOVA Liquid Hydrogen 20 4 QCD PANDA DUBNA Liquid Nitrogen 10 2 ICE CUBE 12 Nuclei Nuclear Physics D2 Be C Al Si Hg Fe Ni Cu Z n W Pb 60 12 Hadronic Showers T

• tal Ev

ents 110 22 Raw Storage 11 T Bytes Processed Storage 55 T Bytes

Phase 2 Run Plan

T arget Number of Ev ents Running T ime Physics Need (Millions) (Days) Group 18 Nuclei Li B O2 Mg P S Ar K Ca N uclear Physics N i Nb Ag Sn Pt Au Pb Bi U 90 18 H adronic Showers 10 Nuclei B-list N uclear Physics N a T i V Cr Mn Mo I Cd Cs Ba 50 10 H adronic Showers T

• tal Ev

ents 140 28 R aw Storage 14 T Bytes Processed Storage 70 T Bytes

Phase 3 – Tagged Neutral beams for ILC 5 million events/day LH2 target

Missing baryon resonance search may request additional running depending on what is found.

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 83

Conclusions

• The MIPP Upgrade Collaboration has proposed a

cost effective way to upgrade the experiment to speed up the DAQ by a factor of 100.

• We propose to add a recoil detector+chamber that

will enhance the physics reach of the experiment.

• We propose to measure the NUMI LE/ ME

targets.

• As well as 30 nuclei to benefit hadron shower

simulators and the cosmic ray community.

• Tagged neutral beams possible for PFA studies(?)
• We propose to increase the momentum range of

the beams (down to 1 GeV/c) that will benefit the hadron shower simulators and permit the search for missing baryon resonances.

• Collaborators Welcome

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 84

Plastic Ball Mount

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 85

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January 2008 Rajendran Raja, MIPP European seminars 86

MIPP LH2 target