STATE-WIDE E. COLI. TMDL AND SOLID WASTE FACILITIES TIM KRAUSE, PE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

STATE-WIDE E. COLI. TMDL AND SOLID WASTE FACILITIES TIM KRAUSE, PE GRANGER WASTE SERVICES

• BACTERIA
• SINGLE CELL ORGANISM
• ANAEROBIC
• LARGE INTESTINE
• MOST STRAINS DO NOT CAUSE HUMAN

ILLNESS

• WATER QUALITY INDICATOR FOR FECAL

CONTAMINATION

• PATHOGENS CAN INFECT HUMANS THROUGH

INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT

• DIARRHEA, GIARDIA, HEPATITIS, OR

CHOLERA

• MAKE YOU SICK, INFECTION OF SKIN,

EYES, AND EARS

ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. COLI)

RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARD

• TOTAL BODY CONTACT (MAY 1 - OCTOBER 31):

DAILY MAXIMUM GEOMETRIC MEAN: 300 E. COLI PER 100 MILLILITERS (ML) 30-DAY GEOMETRIC MEAN: 130 E. COLI PER 100 ML

• PARTIAL BODY CONTACT (ALL YEAR):

DAILY MAXIMUM GEOMETRIC MEAN: 1,000 E. COLI PER 100 ML

LAND COVER

• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• AGRICULTURAL LAND
• SEPTIC SYSTEMS
• FASTER RUNOFF
• FORESTS
• WETLANDS

VARIABLES IMPACTING

• E. COLI. CONCENTRATIONS

VARIABLES IMPACTING

• E. COLI. CONCENTRATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

• PRECIPITATION
• FLOW
• SETTLING
• TIME
• TEMPERATURE

• SECTION 303(D) OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT

AUTHORIZES EPA TO ASSIST STATES, TERRITORIES AND AUTHORIZED TRIBES IN LISTING IMPAIRED WATERS AND DEVELOPING TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS (TMDLS) FOR THESE WATERBODIES.

• A TMDL ESTABLISHES THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF A

POLLUTANT ALLOWED IN A WATERBODY AND SERVES AS THE STARTING POINT OR PLANNING TOOL FOR RESTORING WATER QUALITY.

• STATE WQS ESTABLISH THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPING WATER

QUALITY-BASED EFFLUENT LIMITS (WQBELS)

• A REASONABLE POTENTIAL FOR THE DISCHARGE TO CAUSE

OR CONTRIBUTE TO AN EXCURSION OF THE STATE STANDARD.

• SECTION 301(B)(1)(C) OF THE CWA AND THE NPDES

REGULATIONS AT 40 CFR 122.44(D) REQUIRE THAT PERMITS CONTAIN LIMITS AS STRINGENT AS NECESSARY TO MEET STATE WQS. PERMIT WRITERS, THEREFORE, RELY ON THE APPLICABLE STATE WQS, AND SPECIFICALLY THE CRITERIA VALUES, TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR AND CALCULATE WQBELS.

MICHIGAN TMDL WATERSHEDS

• THERE ARE ALMOST 9,000 MILES OF

STREAMS WITH THE TBC DESIGNATED USE IMPAIRED

• EGLE EXPECTS THAT THE NUMBER OF

IMPAIRED STREAM MILES TO GROW

• ANTICIPATE HALF OF MICHIGAN’S

STREAM MILES (AROUND 37,000 MILES).

• AS OF 2016, 89 PERCENT OF

MICHIGAN’S STREAM MILES HAD NOT BEEN FULLY ASSESSED FOR ATTAINMENT OF THE TBC AND PBC WQS.

MICHIGAN TMDL WATERSHEDS

SOURCE: WWW.MICHIGAN.GOV/EGLE (FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY)

DETERMINATION OF IMPAIRED

GRANGER LANDFILL GRANGER LANDFILL

HOWE RD WEBB RD

DETERMINATION OF IMPAIRED

REMEY-CHANDLER DRAIN WEBB RD SAMPLING LOCATION DETERMINATION OF IMPAIRED

• Minimum of 5 sampling events
• Minimum of 3 samples per

event

• Impaired if:
• 30-day geometric mean

exceeded (130 MPN/100ml)

• There is a known

raw/untreated sewage discharge

• OR discretion of a single

violation based on magnitude of the exceedance (USEPA, 2002).

Source: Google Maps

DETERMINATION OF IMPAIRED

Site Description Date Daily Geomean 30 Day Geomean Collector Dup2 Dup3 REMEY CHANDLER DRAIN-HOWE RD 19-May-09 27 DEQ-WCMP REMEY CHANDLER DRAIN-HOWE RD 28-Jul-09 5 DEQ-WCMP REMEY CHANDLER DRAIN-HOWE RD 14-Sep-09 2 DEQ-WCMP Remey-Chandler Drain - Webb Rd 16-Aug-17 629 DEQ 770 Remey-Chandler Drain - Webb Rd 23-Aug-17 483 DEQ Remey-Chandler Drain - Webb Rd 30-Aug-17 374 DEQ 290 Remey-Chandler Drain - Webb Rd 06-Sep-17 138 DEQ Remey-Chandler Drain - Webb Rd 13-Sep-17 136 292 DEQ

VARIABLES IMPACTING CONCENTRATIONS

• PRECIPITATION -
• WET WEATHER OR HIGH FLOW EXCEEDANCE
• SOURCE RELATED TO PRECIPITATION EVENTS
• RUNOFF FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS OR PASTURES,
• ILLICIT SANITARY CONNECTIONS TO STORM DRAINS OR FIELD

TILES

• PET OR WILDLIFE WASTE ON LAWNS OR PARKS
• DRY WEATHER LOW FLOWS EXCEEDANCES INDICATE A

CONSTANT SOURCE

• FAILING SEPTIC SYSTEMS
• ILLICIT SANITARY CONNECTIONS
• LIVESTOCK OR WILDLIFE CONGREGATING IN THE WATER
• SHALLOW GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

• 3RD PARTIES
• LOOKING GLASS

WATERSHED

• SHIAWASSEE COUNTY

CONSERVATION DISTRICT (SCCD) TOOK 93% OF THE SAMPLES

• AVE 1909 CFU/100 ML
• STATE TOOK 7% OF THE

SAMPLES

• AVE 225 CFU/100 ML

VARIABLES IMPACTING CONCENTRATIONS

• FLOW -

0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 64.0 66.0 68.0 70.0

16-Aug-17 18-Aug-17 20-Aug-17 22-Aug-17 24-Aug-17 26-Aug-17 28-Aug-17 30-Aug-17 01-Sep-17 03-Sep-17 05-Sep-17 07-Sep-17 09-Sep-17 11-Sep-17 13-Sep-17

• E. coli (cfu/100mL)

Temperature in deg F Remey Chandler Drain E. Coli vs Temperature Temperature (F) Daily Geomean (cfu/100mL)

VARIABLES IMPACTING CONCENTRATIONS

• TEMPERATURE -

“IT IS ACCEPTABLE TO SAMPLE DURING A CRITICAL 30-DAY PERIOD THAT MAY BE DRIVING E. COLI CONCENTRATIONS (E.G., SUMMER LOW FLOW, WET WEATHER CONDITIONS) AS LONG AS THEY ARE DISTRIBUTED REPRESENTATIVELY OVER THAT TIME FRAME.” 2018 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

• NPDES
• SWPPP BMP
• SAMPLING IF:
• POTENTIAL TO DISCHARGE POLLUTANT
• INSPECTOR SUSPECTS IMPACT
• STSWCS BENCHMARK MONITORING
• REVIEW POLLUTION PREVENTION CONTROL MEASURES,

MAKE MODIFICATIONS IF WARRANTED AND CONTINUE MONITORING PER THE STSWCS UNTIL THE AVERAGE DO NOT EXCEED THE BENCHMARK OR

• DETERMINE NO FURTHER POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS ARE

TECHNOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE AND ECONOMICALLY PRACTICABLE AND ACHIEVABLE IN LIGHT OF BEST INDUSTRY PRACTICE TO MEET THE BENCHMARK VALUES

• SUBMIT WRITTEN NOTIFICATION OF THE

DETERMINATION TO DEQ, WRD STAFF FOR REVIEW AND APPROVAL.

• CONTINUE MONITORING ONCE PER YEAR
• DOCUMENT RATIONALE AND RETAIN ALL RECORDS

WITH THE SWPPP.

PERMITTING AND COMPLIANCE

https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/wrd-isw-permit-info-tmdl_398790_7.pdf

SOURCE: WWW.MICHIGAN.GOV/EGLE (FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY)

SITE SPECIFIC STORM WATER STUDIES

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20

Precipitation (in)

• E. Coli (MPN/100mL)

E Coli and Precipitation (48 hrs)

Landfill 1 Precip(in)

• 0.05

0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85

Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20

Maximum Temperature (F)

• E. Coli (MPN/100mL)

E Coli and Precipitation (48 hrs)

Landfill 2A Landfill 2B Precip(in)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20

Maximum Temperature (F)

• E. Coli (MPN/100mL)

E Coli and Maximum Temperature

Landfill 1 Max Temp (F)

SITE SPECIFIC STORM WATER STUDIES

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20

Maximum Temperature (F)

• E. Coli (MPN/100mL)

E Coli and Maximum Temperature

Landfill 2A Landfill 2B Max Temp (F)

MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING?!

• DNA SURVIVES WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND

COMPOSTING PROCESSES AND MAY APPEAR WHEN THE SOURCE BACTERIA ARE DEAD.

• GENETIC TARGETS ARE BASED ON HOST-SPECIFIC

BACTEROIDES BACTERIA - VERY DIFFERENT FROM E. COLI.

• DNA DEGRADES OVER TIME, ONCE THE HOST CELL IS

DEAD AND DECAY OCCURS AT VARIABLE RATES DUE TO MANY FACTORS

• A NON-DETECT RESULT DOES NOT RULE OUT THE HOST

ANIMAL AS A SOURCE IN THE UPSTREAM AREAS

• WEATHER AT THE TIME THE SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED

AND LOCATION OF KNOWN SOURCES

• KNOWLEDGE OF THE E. COLI CONCENTRATION AT THE

TIME OF SAMPLING ASSISTS IN INTERPRETING RESULTS.

• SPECIFIC MARKERS CAN VARY AND BE PROJECT

SPECIFIC

HOW DO YOU KNOW?!

SUMMARY

• INDUSTRY CONSIDERATIONS:
• REVIEW OF DATA USED FOR DETERMINING IF A

WATERSHED IS IMPAIRED.

• ASSESSMENT OF VARIABLES THAT AFFECT E.

COLI CONCENTRATIONS IN WATERSHEDS.

• IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER FLEXIBILITY FOR

UNDERSTANDING LARGER (NON-DEVELOPED) AREAS.

• ENCOURAGE FURTHER DISCUSSION/PLANNING

TO DEFINITIVELY LAYOUT HOW THIS PARAMETER WILL BE ENFORCED WITHIN THE NPDES PROGRAM.

• E. COLI. IS A BACTERIA THAT CAN BE A HUMAN

PATHOGEN BUT IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF OTHER POTENTIAL PATHOGENS

• EPA RULES DIRECT STATES TO EVALUATE

FURTHER AND INSTITUTE CONTROLS

• PRESENCE IN SURFACE WATER DEPENDS ON A

MULTITUDE OF VARIABLES

• GOOD CHANCE A WATERSHED NEAR YOU

WILL BE PLACED IN A TMDL

• WASTE INDUSTRY ALREADY IDENTIFIED AS

POTENTIAL SOURCE

• PERMITTED THROUGH NPDES PERMITS
• BURDEN OF DISPROOF WILL LIKELY BE THE

RESPONSIBILITY OF PERMITTEE

QUESTIONS