State of Solar Energy Generation Thad Dru ff el, PhD, PE 14 May 2016 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

State of Solar Energy Generation Thad Dru ff el, PhD, PE 14 May 2016

Outline • Solar Resource Intro • Status • Growth PV • Opportuni8es • Overview • Mo8va8ons Conn • Themes Center • Prin8ng PV • Projects Research

The Solar Resource The solar energy that reaches the Earth in one hour is about as much as the total energy used by everyone on the planet for an en8re year We are like tenant farmers chopping down the fence around our house for fuel when we should be using Nature's inexhaus:ble sources of energy — sun, wind and :de. ... I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait un:l oil and coal run out before we tackle that. – Thomas Edison (1931) h@p://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/images/content/226335main_earthsun_200803XX_HI.jpg

Solar Resource Jean, J., P. R. Brown, R. L. Jaffe, T. Buonassisi and V. Bulović, Pathways for solar photovoltaics . Energy Environ. Sci., 2015. 8 (4): p. 1200-1219.

Global PV

Quarter Century of Growth 20 Terawa@s Gigawa@s Installed Gigawa@s Installed

Costs

Other Costs • PV manufacturers reduced module costs by 80% from 2008-2012. • Single digit margins. • Other hardware contributed 10-20% cost reduc8ons. • Substan8al cost savings from so_ costs are available. • Permi`ng alone ~ $1/W. Barbose, G and N. Darghouth; Tracking the Sun VII, The Installed Price of Residen8al and Non-Residen8al Photovoltaic Systems in the United States, Lawrence Berkeley Na8onal Laboratory, August 2015, trackingthesun.lbl.gov

Jobs h@p://www.thesolarfounda8on.org/na8onal/

Resources Jean, J., P. R. Brown, R. L. Jaffe, T. Buonassisi and V. Bulović, Pathways for solar photovoltaics . Energy Environ. Sci., 2015. 8 (4): p. 1200-1219. doi 10.1039/ c4ee04073b

KY Manufacturing h@p://energy.ky.gov/Programs/Documents/Vulnerability%20of%20Kentucky's%20Manufacturing%20Economy.pdf

KY Manufacturing h@p://energy.ky.gov/Programs/Documents/Vulnerability%20of%20Kentucky's%20Manufacturing%20Economy.pdf

LCOE h@ps://www.lazard.com/media/2390/lazards-levelized-cost-of-energy-analysis-90.pdf

LCOE h@ps://www.lazard.com/media/2390/lazards-levelized-cost-of-energy-analysis-90.pdf

Storage • Thermal • Mechanical • Chemical • Intermi@ency • 24/7 Supply • Distributed • Community

LCOE with Storage h@ps://www.lazard.com/media/2391/lazards-levelized-cost-of-storage-analysis-10.pdf

Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research Thin Film Power Solar Devices Energy Energy Efficiency Storage New Materials Biofuels Solar & Fuels & Processes Biomass

Other Five

Solar Manufacturing R&D Planar Low-cost concentrator solar cells films Electrochromic films BaReries Low cost alterna:ve to transparent, Light EmiSng conduc:ng substrates Diodes

Near Atmospheric High • Solution Phase Depositions • Aqueous and low VOC x-Si • Near Atmospheric Temperatures • No need for special chambers • Thin Films • Flexible Solar T Costs • Printed Electronics CdTe • LEDs Glass DSC ? • Batteries • Fuel Cells • Membranes Near Atmospheric Processes Low Low Vacuum High near atmospheric processes using tradi8onal prin8ng techniques can drive down costs

Printing Energy • Solution based processing • Nanoscaled elements • Improved charge transport • Increased surface areas • Unique processing

Nanotechnology h@p://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/nano/index.jsp

Areas of Research and Development Silicon Thin Film Flexible >90% market <10% market Emerging market • $0.50-$1 per Wa@ • $0.67 per Wa@ • <<$0.50 per Wa@ • 14%-22% • 13%-18% • ~10% • 30 year warrantee • Robust • Con8nuous mfg • New cell designs • Ini8al low cost • Durability concerns • Reduced costs • Process opportunity • Low yields Images by Alfred Hicks/NREL

Sintering Deposi:on Synthesis Silicon Solar

Flexible Solar • Intense Pulsed Light • < 1 ms per cell • Roll-to-roll compa8ble • Repeatable • Implemented on plas8c J sc V oc FF η Lavery, B. W., S. Kumari, H. Konermann, G. L. Draper, J. 16.6 1.02 0.69 11.5 Spurgeon and T. Druffel, Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of ± 1.77 ± 0.03 ± 0.06 ± 0.62 CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016. doi 10.1021/acsami. 5b10166

Water Based Inks • Inexpensive formulation 18 • Fast Processing 16 • Power conversion Efficiency ~ 8 % 14 • Photothermal/Photoelectrochemical 12 J, mA/cm 2 10 8 0 M TALH TiO 2 0.04 M TALH TALH 6 0.14 M TALH 4 0.43 M TALH Water 1.3 M TALH 2 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 V, Volts Ink TALH Hybrid a TiO 2 Powder b c Lupitskyy, R., V. K. Vendra, J. Jasinski, D. A. Amos, M. K. Sunkara and T. Druffel, Toward high-efficiency dye-sensiGzed solar cells with a photoanode fabricated via a simple water-based formulaGon . Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applica8ons, 2015. 23 (7): p. 883-891. doi 10.1002/pip. 2502

Architectural Photovoltaics

Scale Up using Roll-to-Roll Ultraviolet Intense Pulsed Light Plasma

Science on Tap June 14 – Prin:ng the Sun 6pm Dr. Thad Druffel Every hour, enough energy from the sun hits the earth’s surface to power the world for an en8re year. Despite this poten8al, solar energy currently provides less than 1 percent of global electricity. Can the same technology that democra8zed knowledge, the prin8ng press, be reimagined to sa8sfy the world’s ever growing demand for energy and independence? More importantly, can it be scaled fast enough?

Questions Thad Druffel, PhD, PE Theme Leader, Solar Manufacturing R&D Thad.Druffel@louisville.edu h@p://louisville.edu/energy/research-development/solar/