Standards: U.S.II.1d U.S.II.1b U.S.II.1ib U.S.II.3a U.S.II.3b - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Standards: U.S.II.1d U.S.II.1b U.S.II.1ib U.S.II.3a U.S.II.3b U.S.II.3c U.S. II 4c

The re-building of the Union (and the South in particular)

After the Civil War, the South was devastated and bitter. Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved.

 Reconcile: to bring into agreement or

harmony.

 Reconcile: to come together, forgiving

and forgetting the past...

U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c

 Abraham Lincoln: Reconciliation/Forgiveness

• Preservation of the Union was more important than

punishing the South

• Robert E. Lee supported this plan

 Urged Southerners to reconcile and reunite with Northerners as Americans, even though some still wanted to fight  Later become president of Washington College (Washington and Lee University).

 Congress: Punishment

 Instead of only requiring 10% of the population to give an oath of loyalty to the Union, Congress required 50%

• f the population to do so in order to rejoin the Union

 Former Confederates could not hold public office  Congress wanted full rights for freedmen

President Andrew Johnson

 From Tennessee (Confederate state)  Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.

 Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who take a simple oath (promise of loyalty) EXCEPT Confederate civil and military officers  State constitutions must deny slavery and secession

EFFECTS?

• 1. Certain leading Confederates could not vote.
• 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back

to political power to control state organizations. SAME OLD SAME OLD!!!

President Johnson’s Plan

CREATED BY Congress to help with Reconstruction Change to the Constitution 1865 1868 1870

13th Amendment

(banned slavery)

 Ratified (voted for) in January, 1865.  “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,

except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction”

 Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

14th Amendment

 Ratified in July, 1868.

*

Provided equal protection under the law

*

“All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”

15th Amendment

 Ratified in 1870.  The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.  Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis

• 1. Southern military leaders could not

hold office

• 2. Southerners resented Northerners
• 3. African Americans could hold public
• ffice or political positions

(By 1872 there were 7 African-Americans in Congress)

• 4. African-Americans gained

equal rights with the Civil Rights Act of 1866…which authorized the use of federal troops for enforcement.

• 5. Northern federal soldiers

supervised the South

The South Reacts to Reconstruction: Black Codes

 Purpose: to control daily life

• f freedmen

*

Keep them on plantations for labor

*

Only jobs: farming

*

Same old treatment

• Forced many freedmen to become

sharecroppers or tenant farmers in a form of economic slavery.

The sharecropper rents a piece of land from the

• landowner. This rent

includes a shack, seeds and farming tools. The sharecropper promises to give the landowner a percentage of the crops. The sharecropper plants and harvest the crops The sharecropper gives the landowner the amount

• f crops agreed upon.

Some of the remaining crops feed the sharecropper’s family. Rarely, there are enough crops to sell for profit. Another portion of the crop is sold to pay rent to the landowner for the next season.

Corn, wheat, fruits, pecans and peanuts

Cycle of sharecropping

S C R E A M

 Policies: government guidelines

 New state constitutions had to include 13th, 14th Amendments

Full citizenship to African

Americans, federal gov’t would protect

Overturned Black Codes Authorized use of federal

troops to enforce the CRA 1866

U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c

Some needed more of a push to rejoin the Union

 Northern soldiers supervised the South

A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877

Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the

• utcome of the election
• f 1876.

Democrats supported Rutherford B. Hayes’ election as President and Republicans ended the military occupation of the South (Johnson, Grant, Hayes)

1. S C R E A M

 Policies: government guidelines

FRE REE E 13 13TH

TH AM

AMEND NDMENT MENT CITIZEN IZENS 14 14TH

TH AMENDM

DMEN ENT VOTE E 15 15TH

TH AMENDM

DMENT ENT

POLITICAL

Carpetbagger petbaggers: : Men n from m the North th that t came ame to the South uth aft fter er th the Civil l War to to make mone ney y from the people of the South…

U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c

Scalawag: a Southerner who helped the Northerners and the Republican Party after the war.

ECONOMIC

Carpetbagger

Scalawag

5.Sharecroppers

SOCIAL Economic

• Their members

threatened, beat, and even killed African- Americans

• Burned schools, churches

in night raids

• Disrupted elections:

100,000 more black voters than white

Today:

• about one hundred different chapters
• there may be as many as 5,000

members

• The Klan is strongest in the South and

in the Midwest.

• Monitored by FBI for hate crimes and

civil rights violations.

Social Political Social

“Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans. They legalized segregation. Social

In which geographical area were Jim Crow laws enforced?

Social

The period (late 1800s to

mid-1960s) when the Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation and

• ther public facilities.

Social

Wh What wa was racial al segregatio gregation? ?

Th The separatio tion n of African can Americans icans and white tes s in public c places ces Social

Social

Explain or describe this cartoon

American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924.

Bu Buses: ses: Railroads:

• ads:

Restau auran rants: ts: Schools:

• ls:

 Buses:

ses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.” Alabama

 Rail

ilroa roads ds: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama

 Rest

staur auran ants: ts: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or

• ther place for the serving of food in the city, at which white

and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.” Alabama

 Educat

ucation ion: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Florida

 The right to vote  The right to serve on juries  Made discrimination practices legal in many

communities and states

 Were characterized by unequal opportunities in

housing…

U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c

 All passenger stations in this

state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.

 The conductor of each

passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.

 After the War, he fought

for constitutional amendments that guaranteed the voting rights of women and African Americans alike.

 As a former slave he

believed it was important to have civil liberties (rights and freedoms) as an American citizen.

 Frederick

Douglass would continue his active involvement to better the lives of African Americans.

U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c

 Booker T. Washington: Economic Equality

 (“T” – think: training/Tuskegee)  “Learn a trade or skill and turn it into money and freedom”  Believed equality can be achieved through vocational

education aka job training. …and accepted social separation: the segregation of black from white.

W.E. E.B.

• B. Du Bois- “d’bois and d’girls full freedom”

He was a writer, , educat ator r and co-founder er of t the NAACP. He believe ved d in full equalit lity for African Americans… politic ical, al, economic

• mic,

, social l and civil l rights. . He He believed ved in inte tegrat ration ion-no no separation tion of b black and white te.