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  1. ❈♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ st❛t✐❝ ♣r✐♦r✐t② ❛♥❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ r♦✉♥❞✲r♦❜✐♥ ❧✐❦❡ ♣❛❝❦❡t s❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❆❋❉❳ ❢♦r ✐♥❝r❡♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝❡rt✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♠✐①❡❞✲❝r✐t✐❝❛❧✐t② s✉♣♣♦rt ▼❛r❝ ❇♦②❡r ✶ ✱ ◆✐❝♦❧❛s ◆❛✈❡t ✷ ✱ ▼❛r❝ ❋✉♠❡② ✸ ✱ ❏ör♥ ▼✐❣❣❡ ✹ ✱ ▲✐♦♥❡❧ ❍❛✈❡t ✹ ✶ ❖◆❊❘❆ ✕ ❚❤❡ ❋r❡♥❝❤ ❛❡r♦s♣❛❝❡ ✷ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ▲✉①❡♠❜♦✉r❣✱ ▲✉①❡♠❜♦✉r❣ ✸ ❚❤❛❧❡s ❆✈✐♦♥✐❝s✱ ❚♦✉❧♦✉s❡✱ ❋r❛♥❝❡ ✹ ❘❡❛❧❚✐♠❡✲❛t✲❲♦r❦✱ ❱✐❧❧❡rs✲❧ès✲◆❛♥❝②✱ ❋r❛♥❝❡ ✺t❤ ❊❯r♦♣❡❛♥ ❈♦♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❢♦r ❆❡r♦♥❛✉t✐❝s ❛♥❞ ◗♣❛❝❡ ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡s ✭❊❯❈❆❙❙ ✷✵✶✸✮ ✶✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  2. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❋❉❳ ❜❛❝❦❜♦♥❡ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❘♦✉♥❞ ❘♦❜✐♥ ❘❚❛❲✲P❊●❆❙❊ ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❛♥❛❧②s❡r ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✷✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  3. ❈♦♥t❡①t✿ ❆❋❉❳ ❜❛❝❦❜♦♥❡ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ s②st❡♠s✿ ❆❋❉❳ ≈ ❊t❤❡r♥❡t t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② ❢♦r ❛✈✐♦♥✐❝s ≈ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡rs ✽ s✇✐t❝❤❡s ≈ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ❞❛t❛ ✢♦✇s Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp ✸✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  4. ❘❡q✉✐r❡♠❡♥t✿ ❲♦rst ❈❛s❡ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❚✐♠❡ ❘❡q✉✐r❡♠❡♥t✿ ❜♦✉♥❞ ♦♥ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❧❛t❡♥❝② ■♥♣✉t ❝♦♥tr❛❝t tr❛✣❝✿ ❱✐rt✉❛❧ ▲✐♥❦ ❙t❛t✐❝ r♦✉t✐♥❣ ▼❛①✐♠❛❧ ❢r❛♠❡ s✐③❡ ❧ ♠ ▼✐♥✐♠❛❧ ✐♥t❡r✈❛❧ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ❢r❛♠❡s ❇❆● ❑♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦♥ s✇✐t❝❤❡s✿ ❜❛♥❞✇✐❞t❤ s❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ♣♦❧✐❝②✿ ❋■❋❖✱ ❙t❛t✐❝ Pr✐♦r✐t② ❆♥❛❧②s❡ ♠❡t❤♦❞ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❝❛❧❝✉❧✉s ❚r❛❥❡❝t♦r✐❛❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❆❞✲❤♦❝ ♠❡t❤♦❞s✳✳ ✹✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  5. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❋❉❳ ❜❛❝❦❜♦♥❡ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❘♦✉♥❞ ❘♦❜✐♥ ❘❚❛❲✲P❊●❆❙❊ ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❛♥❛❧②s❡r ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✺✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  6. ❉❡s✐❣♥ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ s②st❡♠ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ◆❡t✇♦r❦✿ s❤❛r❡❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ✢♦✇ ❞❡♣❡♥❞s ♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡r ✢♦✇s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦❢ s②st❡♠s ✭❛♥❞ s②st❡♠ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡rs✮ ♥❡❡❞ ♦❢ ❡❛r❧② ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ❛✈♦✐❞ ✏❢r❡q✉❡♥t✑ r❡✲❞❡s✐❣♥ ✴ ♣r♦✈✐s✐♦♥✐♥❣ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡✿ ❱✐rt✉❛❧ ▲✐♥❦✿ ❛ ♠✐❞✲❣r❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ❛❧❧♦✇s ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛❧❧♦✇s ❢r❛♠❡ s✐③❡ r❡❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❛❧❧♦✇s ♣❡r✐♦❞ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭ ≥ ❇❆● ✮ ≈ ✶✵ ✹ ❱▲s ❆ ♠♦r❡ ❝♦❛rs❡✲❣r❛✐♥❡❞ ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❄ ✻✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  7. ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❈❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ ❝✉t t❤❡ ♥❡t ✐♥t♦ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥s ✹✲✶✵ ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥s ✭❝♦❛rs❡✲❣r❛✐♥❡❞✮ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡s One physical 100Mb/s network Two virtual 20Mb/s 80Mb/s networks 80Mb/s 80Mb/s 80Mb/s 80Mb/s 80Mb/s 100Mb/s 80Mb/s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 20Mb/s 100Mb/s 100Mb/s 20Mb/s 20Mb/s 20Mb/s 20Mb/s 20Mb/s ✼✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  8. ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐s❡❞ Pr♦❝❡ss♦r ❙❤❛r✐♥❣ ●P❙✿ ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐s❡❞ Pr♦❝❡ss♦r ❙❤❛r✐♥❣ ❝✉t t❤❡ s❡r✈✐❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ♥ ❝❧❛ss❡s ❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ q✉❛♥t✉♠ q ✐ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ❝❧❛ss q ✐ ❡❛❝❤ ❝❧❛ss r❡❝❡✐✈❡s ❢r❛❝t✐♦♥ ✐ = ✶ q ✐ ♦❢ s❡r✈✐❝❡ � ♥ ✐❞❡❛❧ ♣♦❧✐❝② P❛❝❦❡t✐s❡❞✲●P❙ ✭P✲●P❙✮✿ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ●P❙ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t ●P❙ ✏✉♣ t♦ ♦♥❡ ♣❛❝❦❡t s✐③❡✑ ❝❛♥ ❤❛r❞❧② ❜❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ✐♥ r❡❛❧✲t✐♠❡ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❘♦✉♥❞ ❘♦❜✐♥ ✭❉❘❘✮ ♦t❤❡r ●P❙ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✽✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  9. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❋❉❳ ❜❛❝❦❜♦♥❡ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ♣❛rt✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❘♦✉♥❞ ❘♦❜✐♥ ❘❚❛❲✲P❊●❆❙❊ ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❛♥❛❧②s❡r ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✾✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  10. ❉❘❘ ✐❞❡❛ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❘♦✉♥❞ ❘♦❜✐♥✿ ●P❙ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❖ ( ✶ ) ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ♦♥❡ q✉❛♥t✉♠ ◗ ✐ ♣❡r ❝❧❛ss ♦♥❡ q✉❡✉❡ ♣❡r ❝❧❛ss ✐♥✜♥✐t❡ ❧♦♦♣✿ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❝❧❛ss✴q✉❡✉❡ ✐♥❝r❡♠❡♥t ❝r❡❞✐t ❜② ◗ ✐ ✐❢ ❛❝t✐✈❡ s❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♣❛❝❦❡t ♦❢ s✐③❡ s ❞❡❝r❡❛s❡ ❝r❡❞✐t ❜② s s❡♥❞ ♣❛❝❦❡ts ❛s ❧♦♥❣ ❛s ♥♦♥ ♥✉❧❧ ❝r❡❞✐t ✶✵✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  11. ❉❘❘ r✉♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❝❧❛ss❡s ◗✉❛♥t❛ ◗✿ ✺ , ✼ , ✸ ❈❉✿ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❈♦✉♥t❡r ✶✶✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  12. ❉❘❘ r✉♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❝❧❛ss❡s ◗✉❛♥t❛ ◗✿ ✺ , ✼ , ✸ ❈❉✿ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❈♦✉♥t❡r ✶✶✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  13. ❉❘❘ r✉♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❝❧❛ss❡s ◗✉❛♥t❛ ◗✿ ✺ , ✼ , ✸ ❈❉✿ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❈♦✉♥t❡r ✶✶✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  14. ❉❘❘ r✉♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❝❧❛ss❡s ◗✉❛♥t❛ ◗✿ ✺ , ✼ , ✸ ❈❉✿ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❈♦✉♥t❡r ✶✶✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

  15. ❉❘❘ r✉♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❝❧❛ss❡s ◗✉❛♥t❛ ◗✿ ✺ , ✼ , ✸ ❈❉✿ ❉❡✜❝✐t ❈♦✉♥t❡r ✶✶✴✷✻ ❇♦②❡r✱ ◆❛✈❡t✱ ❋✉♠❡②✱ ▼✐❣❣❡✱ ❍❛✈❡t ❙P✴❉❘❘ ❢♦r ❆❋❉❳

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