Speaker Disclosure: MAPS: Multidisciplinary Abnormal Placentation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Speaker Disclosure: MAPS: Multidisciplinary Abnormal Placentation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Speaker Disclosure: MAPS: Multidisciplinary Abnormal Placentation Service Nothing to Disclose Ben C. Li, MD University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA June 13,


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SLIDE 1

MAPS: Multidisciplinary Abnormal Placentation Service

June 13, 2019

Ben C. Li, MD University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA

Speaker Disclosure: Nothing to Disclose

Outline

  • PAS (Placenta Accreta Spectrum): current evidence
  • A look at our pathway
  • Some outcomes
  • Parting thoughts

Reitman et al, 2011

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SLIDE 2

Pathological Pathway

  • Scarring disrupts endometrium-myometrium junction
  • Failure of normal decidualization in the area of a uterine scar
  • Abnormally deep placental anchoring of villi and trophoblast

infiltration

  • Lack of a plane of cleavage between placental basal plate and uterus
  • Major hemorrhage; maternal and fetal morbidity

Incidence of PAS

  • It is increasing
  • 1970’s-1980’s: 1 in 2,500 to 4,000
  • 1990’s-2000’s: 1 in 500
  • 2016 National Inpatient Sample Study: 1 in 272

Risk Factors

  • Previous cesarean delivery
  • Placenta previa (present in more than 80% of accretas in most

large series)

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SLIDE 3

Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: US Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: US

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SLIDE 4

Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: MRI

  • Not superior to US but complementary
  • When indicated: US equivocal, plan surgical approach

(hysterectomy or one-step conservative surgery)

  • Knowledge of precise topography (superior vs inferior

LUS, parametrical invasion) can alter surgical approach, ureteral stenting, vascular clamping or embolization

  • MRI shown better to assess the depth of invasion re-

classifying the extent of invasiveness in up to 30% of patients

  • FIGO 2018: “MRI not essential but maybe useful”

Palacios Jaraquemada et al, 2005

Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: MRI

  • Heterogeneous placenta, placental bulge, dark inter placental

bands, placental ischemic infarction, loss of retroplacental dark zone, myocetrial thinning, bladder wall interruption, focal exophytic mass, abnormal vascularization of the placental bed

  • Signs not to be interpreted in isolation: observation of one is

likely to lead to detection of others

  • Readers with > 5 y of experience in abdominal MRI

demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy and inter-

  • bserver agreement
  • Deep myoinvasion, adjacent organ invasion (increta/percreta)
  • Cesarean Hysterectomy

Palacios Jaraquemada et al, 2005 D’Antonio et al, 2013 Diagnostic method Studies n Patients n Sensitivity % Specificity % Ultrasound (overall) 23 3707 90.72 96.94 Placental lacunae 13 2725 77.43 95.02 Loss of hypo echoic space 10 2633 66.24 95.76 Abnormalities

  • f uterus

bladder interface 9 2579 49.66 99.75 Color Doppler abnormalities 12 714 90.74 87.68

Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: US +/- MRI

  • US first overall sensitivity 90.7%, specificity 96.9% (US

neg no need for MRI)

  • US/MRI as complementary modalities, MRI better at

topography and extent of invasion (most accurate after 24 w, exceptions)

  • Improved results with experienced readers. Standardized

reporting, collaborative approach: radiology/surgery/pathology to standardize terminology and pathologic/surgical management

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SLIDE 5

Principles of MAPS

Women with suspected PAS diagnosed in the antenatal period based on imaging or by clinical acumen should be delivered at a level III or IV center with considerable experience whenever possible to improve outcomes.

ACOG/SMFM Levels of Maternal Care

FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders. IJOG 2018

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SLIDE 6

Principles of MAPS

  • Obstetrician/Gynecologist
  • MFM
  • Gynecologic Oncologist
  • OB Anesthesiologist
  • Radiologist
  • Interventional Radiologist
  • Vascular Surgeon
  • Urologist
  • Intensivist
  • Neonatologist
  • Blood Bank
  • Cell Saver

Optimal management involves a standardized approach with a comprehensive multidisciplinary care team accustomed to management of PAS.

Principles of MAPS

  • Delivery at 34 0/7-35 6/7 weeks of gestation is

suggested as the preferred gestational age for scheduled cesarean delivery or hysterectomy absent extenuating circumstances in a stable patient.

  • Earlier delivery may be required in cases of

persistent bleeding, preeclampsia, labor, rupture

  • f membranes, fetal compromise, or developing

maternal comorbidities.

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SLIDE 7

Morbidly Adherent Placenta (MAPS) Patient Checklist

Team huddle

(ideally to be completed day before surgery)

Pre-Op

(to be completed in OR, prior to induction of anesthesia)

Post-Op

(to be completed immediately post-op, before leaving OR)

(Apply patient label) Date/time of surgery: ________________ Location: ❑ L&D ❑ Main OR #_________ GA at time of surgery: ________________

Diagnosis: ❑Accreta ❑ Increta ❑ Percreta Concern for involved organs/areas?

____________________________________

Level of concern: ❑Low ❑Medium ❑High

Personnel Primary surgeon: _____________________ Gyn Onc surgeon: _____________________ Back Up ❑ Scrubbed In ❑ Contact number: ___________________ Anesthesiologist: _____________________ Radiologist: __________________________ Interventional Rad:_____________________ Anesthesia Plan Type of anesthesia: ___________________ IV access/lines: _______________________ Special equipment needed? ❑ Belmont? Other:____________________________ Blood products (# of units to be prepared) PRBC: ____ FFP: _____ Plt: ______ Cryo: ____ Surgical plan Patient positioning: ❑ Lithotomy ❑ Supine Skin incision: ❑ Pfannenstiel ❑ Vertical Placenta plan: ❑ Remove ❑ Leave in place Uterus: Planned C hyst? ❑ Yes ❑ No Tubal if no hys? ❑Yes ❑No ❑ N/A Special equipment needed? ❑No ❑Yes:___________________________________ ❑ 3-way foley ❑ hyst tray ❑ cysto ❑ stents ❑ Other:________________________________ Nursing/OR Staff Main OR staff notified? ❑ Yes Planned scrub tech: ❑ L&D ❑ Main OR Ancillary services Cell saver notified? ❑ Yes Urology aware? ❑ Yes Contact: _____________________________ Vascular aware? ❑ Yes Contact: _____________________________ ICU aware? ❑ ICN aware? ❑ Yes Patient Healthcare proxy: ________________________ Contact: _____________________________ Patient aware of all plans: ❑ Yes Most recent Hct _______Date: _________ Blood products in OR? ❑Yes ❑N/A ICN Set Up/Ready? ❑Yes ❑N/A Disposition: ❑ ICU ❑ L&D ❑ Ante ❑ Postpartum Complications? ❑ Yes ________________ I&O/Products received: EBL: ________ UOP: ________ IVF: ______ PRBC: ________ FFP: _______ Cryo: _____ DO NOT REMOVE FROM CHART (Apply patient label)

Pathology Requisition

Specimen Dissection Instructions (directed by radiologist): ❑ Axial Plane ❑ Sagittal Plane Also note: ❑ If portion of urinary bladder wall resected en bloc w/ uterus & ❑ if uterine serosa intact upon entering the abdomen, prior to any surgical manipulation

Principles of MAPS

Although ultrasound evaluation is important, the absence of ultrasound findings does not preclude a diagnosis of PAS; thus, clinical risk factors remain equally important as predictors of PAS by ultrasound findings.

  • SMFM. Placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010.
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SLIDE 8

Uterine Artery Embolization Following Cesarean Delivery but Prior to Hysterectomy

In Press

Principles of MAPS

  • The role of preoperative placement of catheters or

balloons into pelvic arteries for potential interventional radiologic occlusion is controversial.

  • Iliac artery occlusion has been reported to

decrease blood loss in some but not all case

  • series. A small randomized controlled trial also

showed no benefit.

  • Because serious complications such as arterial

damage, occlusion, and infection may occur, routine use is not recommended.

Parting thoughts

  • PAS incidence is increasing
  • C/S and placenta previa are greatest risk factors
  • Multidisciplinary team approach (including patient)
  • Optimal management involves a standardized approach

with a comprehensive multidisciplinary care team accustomed to management of PAS

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SLIDE 9

Thank you!