Space-borne Atmospheric GHG Monitoring Project in Japan Kei Shiomi - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

COP21 Japan Side Event “Global Carbon Monitoring – Towards Modeling, Projection and Policy Decision”

Japan Pavilion, Paris, France, 15:15-16:45, 4 December 2015 1

Space-borne Atmospheric GHG Monitoring Project in Japan

Kei Shiomi

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency shiomi.kei@jaxa.jp

JAXA’s Current and Future Satellite/Sensor Activities

GCOM-C SHIZUKU (GCOM-W) GPM/DPR DAICHI (ALOS) IBUKI (GOSAT)

(2009) (2014) (2012) (2014)

High Resolution Wide Swath (Optical)

(JFY2019 (TBD))

ALOS-2 SAR

(JFY2017)

Earth CARE/CPR

(JFY2016) (JFY2005)

GOSAT-2

(JFY2017)

Aqua/AMSR-E

TRMM/PR

JERS-1 MOS ADEOS-Ⅱ

(JFY1991) (JFY2002) (JFY1986) (JFY1997) (JFY2002)

Past Operation Implementation

Late 1990s 2000s 2003 (JAXA established) ADEOS TRMM/PR GCOM-W GPM/DPR GCOM-C EarthCARE/ CPR ADEOS-Ⅱ Earth Observation Global Warming Aqua/ AMSR-E

Land Use

GOSAT

Disaster Monitoring

ALOS-2 ALOS Communications COMETS DRTS WINDS Technology Development ETS-Ⅵ ETS-Ⅶ ETS-Ⅷ OICETS Positioning QZSS

JAXA satellite programs

Climate Change/Water

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Next Gene. (optical) GOSAT-2

2009~ 2017~ GHG, Aerosol Aerosol 2016~ 2017~

TANSO=Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation

GOSAT satellite and sensors

Size Main body 3.7 m x 1.8 m x 2.0 m （Wing Span 13.7m） Mass Total 1750kg Power Total 3.8 KW (EOL) Life Time 5 years Orbit sun synchronous orbit Local time 13:00+/-0:15 Altitude 666km Inclination 98deg Repeat 3 days Launch Vehicle H-IIA Schedule

• Jan. 23 2009

TANSO-FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) TANSO-CAI (Cloud and Aerosol Imager) Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of GHGs (XCO2, XCH4) Cloud fraction, Aerosol optical thickness

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How do we use GHG satellite data?

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Flux estimation GHGs absorption spectra using sunlight Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of GHGs (XCO2, XCH4) GHGs model calculation

Methane remote-sensing observation referred in AR5

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SCIAMACHY / Envisat (2003-2012) TCCON (since 2004) IASI / Metop (since 2006) TES / Aura (since 2004) TANSO / GOSAT (since 2009) AIRS / Aqua (since 2002)

Massart et al, ACP, 2014.

Column-averaged CH4 with SWIR Mid/Upper-tropospheric CH4 with TIR Column-averaged CH4 with SWIR by ground-based FTS

Sensitivity in altitude

TIR at 300hPa~9km SWIR: at boundary

Challenge to optimize observation strategy

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Extending glint

• bservation

dithering Mega-city target Multi-angle Island trace

GOSAT detected mega-city CO2 enhancement in Los Angels basin

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Desert LA basin 3.2±1.5 ppm LA basin - Desert GOSAT XCO2 in April, 2010 April, 2010

LA basin Desert

Kort et al., GRL, 2012 GOSAT observation uncertainty of XCO2 is currently ~ 2 ppm. The detected enhancement in the LA basin was 3.2 ppm, that was higher than the observation uncertainty. 10.5 km-diameter

GOSAT suggested underestimation of US CH4 emission inventory

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Extended operation phase Grid observation -> Target observation Target observation

San Francisco Los Angels

Chino - Livestock Field near LA Bakers Field - Oil Field near LA

Turner et al., ACP, 2015

GOSAT

US CH4 emission inventory by EPA is underestimated than GOSAT observation.

Four Corners – Power Plant

Ecosystem carbon exchange

10 Frankenberg et al., GRL, 2011

Chlorophyll fluorescence from GOSAT

Chlorophyll fluorescence has a potential to place constrain on Gross Primary Production (GPP).

Gina Mohammed / P&M Technologies

@ESA FLEX

GOSAT-2: Successive greenhouse gas observation

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TANSO-FTS-2 TANSO-CAI-2

Upgrade in GOSAT-2 mission GOSAT achievement GOSAT target Measurement precision 0.5 ppm for CO2 (monthly ave.) 5 ppb for CH4 (monthly ave.) 2ppm for CO2 12ppb for CH4 4 ppm for CO2 32 ppb for CH4 Flux estimation 1000km for land 2000km in sub-continental scale Anthropogenic emission CO to distinguish emission source Ecosystem carbon exchange Chlorophyll fluorescence to place constrains on GPP Aerosol monitoring Aerosol size distribution and its property

Launch in early 2018 (JFY2017)

Anthropogenic emission source CO2 related to CO

Adding CO band to GOSAT-2

12 Silva et al., GRL, 2013

GOSAT CO2 and MOPITT CO

CO2 and CO have a particular regional correlation affected by the anthropogenic activity.

Envisat (ESA) 2003-2012 CO2, CH4 GOSAT (Japan) 2009-present CO2, CH4 OCO-2 (NASA) 2014-present CO2 TanSat (China) 2016- CO2 GOSAT-2 (Japan) 2018- CO2, CH4 MERLIN (CNES/DLR) 2019- CH4 MicroCarb (CNES) 2019- CO2 CarbonSat (ESA) later than 2020 CO2, CH4 ASCENDS (NASA) later than 2020 CO2

Space-borne GHG monitoring with GOSAT partners

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Continuous GHG measurement from space will contribute to reveal global and regional carbon flux change.