Space-based Information to Support Drought Monitoring and Mitigation: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Robert Backhaus

United Nations/Islamic Republic of Iran Workshop on the Use of Space Technology for Dust Storm and Drought Monitoring in the Middle East Region 05 - 09 November 2016

Space-based Information to Support Drought Monitoring and Mitigation: A Comparative View on Actual Satellite Emergency Mapping

• vs. Stakeholder Evaluation of Geoinformation Benefits

The challenge: Vast range of harmful effects and collateral hazards of drought!

 Water shortage  Crops and livestock losses  Famine  Migration  Dust storm  Wildfire  Soil erosion  Desertification

The Space-based potential:

• Mapping and monitoring from satellites facilitated by
• variety of observable drought parameters
• spatial and temporal extension

Likely assumption:

• Widespread Space-based drought mapping and monitoring

activities in regions affected/at risk

The Space-based potential:

• Mapping and monitoring from satellites facilitated by
• variety of observable drought parameters
• spatial and temporal extension

Likely assumption:

• Widespread Space-based drought mapping and monitoring

activities in regions affected/at risk (???)

• To be checked by comparing data from two thematic studies!

Two global studies addressing (i) Actual Satellite Emergency Mapping and (ii) Stakeholder Evaluation of Geoinformation Benefits:

Voigt et al. (2016): Global trends in satellite based emergency

• mapping. Science, Vol. 353(6296):247-252.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6296/247

( i ) ( ii )

Altan et al. (2013): The Value of Geoinformation for Disaster and Risk Management (VALID) – Benefit Analysis and Stakeholder

• Assessment. JBGIS, Copenhagen, Denmark.

http://www.un-spider.org/VALID-stakeholder-assessment-I

Voigt et al. (2016): Global trends in satellite based

emergency mapping

• Comprehensive study covering a total of 1,080 mapping

activations for 163 countries from 2000 – 2014.

• Spatial correlation of activations with population density
• Activation statistics specified for disaster types

 Flood (50%)  Storm (18%)  Earthquake (10%)  Wildfire (8%)  Landslide (5%)

Voigt et al. (2016): Global trends in satellite based

emergency mapping

• Comprehensive study covering a total of 1,080 mapping

activations for 163 countries from 2000 – 2014.

• Spatial correlation of activations with population density
• Activation statistics specified for disaster types

 Flood (50%)  Storm (18%)  Earthquake (10%)  Wildfire (8%)  Landslide (5%)

 Drought ???

Voigt et al. (2016): Global trends in satellite based

emergency mapping

• Drought subsumed under “Others” (9%)

Voigt et al. (2016): Global trends in satellite based

emergency mapping

• Drought subsumed under “Others” (9%)
• Drought emergency mapping distinctly underrepresented in

comparison with other disaster types!

• The authors emphasize the need for improved SEM coverage of

slow-onset disasters such as drought!

Altan et al. (2016): The Value of Geoinformation for

Disaster and Risk Management (VALID) – Benefit Analysis and Stakeholder Assessment Approach:

• Longlist of 52 DRM-relevant geoinformation products/systems

identified from recent publications

• Reference set of 10 top-priority geoinformation products/systems

shortlisted through a global web-based stakeholder poll (1st global poll in 2011, participants 222)

• Benefit evaluation of reference items by specific criteria through

stakeholders (2nd global poll in 2013, participants 70)

Drought Index Map for Soil Moisture Monitoring Drought Index Map for Vegetation Monitoringg Drought Index Map Drought Risk Map Drought Vulnerability Map

1st global poll results: Ranking of Drought-related items

1st global poll results: Top-10 reference items for benefit evaluation

Hazard Type Product/System Counts Flood Flood Risk Monitoring System 97 Flood Risk Map 95 Damage Assessment Map 82 Inundation Map 67 Earthquake Urban Classification for Risk Analysis 85 Damage Assessment Map 83 Drought Vulnerability Map 76 Fire Risk Map 74 Detection and Monitoring System 67 Landslide Landslide Hazard Assessment 68

Irene Angelucetti and Francesca Perez: Drought hazard

assessment and vulnerability mapping. In: Altan et al. (2013) pp. 54 – 61. Drought Vulnerability Map

• State-of-the-art technical profile (features and parameters)
• Appraisal results

Technical profile for Drought Vulnerability Map

Topic Regional vulnerability to economic, environmental, or social impacts of drought Thematic content 8 drought vulnerability classes based on  socio-economic data (such as gross domestic product per capita, dependence on agriculture for income and employment, total and rural population)  biophysical data (such as land cover, annual precipitation and river discharge, soil depth, soil degradation) Access Upon registration via internet Scale Not applicable Accuracy Not applicable Areal coverage Global/Regional Spatial resolution 0.5° x 0.5° (average) for global raster datasets used for drought vulnerability indicators / national aggregation level for socioeconomic data Timeliness Not relevant for vulnerability assessment Update frequency 2 - 10 years Data format Raster Maps and vector datasets (OGC standard)

Evaluation results summary: Drought Vulnerability Map

Fields of priority as evaluated by Non-end-users End-users Operational Benefits Health care Humanitarian aid Strategic Benefits Support of preventive strategies Support of superregional consistency and cooperation Efficiency of plans and policies Criticality of specific features Areal coverage Thematic content Access

Evaluation results summary: Drought Vulnerability Map

• Needs for disaggregated socio-economic data!
• Drought vulnerability maps should be developed well in

advance of the onset of a drought!

• Preparedness and response to drought disasters should also

be supported by timely drought hazard assessment and monitoring.

Some concluding points

• Low numbers in SEM activations for drought seem to correspond with user

requirements for more complex mapping products for vulnerability and risk assessment to support operational as well as preventive actions.

• Availability of suitable socio-economic data is a bottleneck for regional drought

vulnerability and risk assessment.

• Drought hazard may be mitigated through regionally adapted measures to

downscale the water cycle by programmes such as

• Afforestation
• Reforestation
• Agroforestry.
• Satellite Remote Sensing is the method of choice for monitoring such

programmes!

Some food for thought

Ripl, W. (1995): Management of water cycle and energy flow for ecosystem control: The energy-transport-reaction (ETR) model.

• Ecol. Modelling 78, 61-79

Gumbricht, T. (1996): Modelling water and vegetation reciprocity – A landscape synthesis in GIS. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Some food for thought

Ripl, W. (1995): Management of water cycle and energy flow for ecosystem control: The energy-transport-reaction (ETR) model.

• Ecol. Modelling 78, 61-79

Gumbricht, T. (1996): Modelling water and vegetation reciprocity – A landscape synthesis in GIS. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Thank you for your attention and

patience!