Software Technology Readiness for the Smart Grid Cristina Tugurlan, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Software Technology Readiness for the Smart Grid Cristina Tugurlan, Harold Kirkham, David Chassin Pacific Northwest National Laboratory cristina.tugurlan@pnnl.gov PNSQC, October 2011

Outline Smart Grid is part of the Electrical Grid Measuring Software Quality Technology Readiness Levels Software TRLs Conclusions 2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

The Electricity Grid Utilities (water, electricity, and natural gas) used to be protected natural monopolies their infrastructure is still a natural monopoly exhibit risk-avoidance behavior, and resistance to innovation Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act, 1978 deregulated the energy market. 3 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Electric Grid Infrastructure Market Market Market - $ $ Production Costs MW MW Generation Operations Transmission Ops Distribution Ops Energy Management Controls 4 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

What is The Smart Grid? Smart Grid is an intelligent digital energy network, delivering electricity in an optimal way from source to consumption . Smart grid integrates  information  telecommunication  power technologies  renewable energies  solar  wind  geothermal  biofuels 5 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Requirements for a Modern Grid Enables active participation of consumers Accommodates all generation and storage options Enables new products, services and markets Provides power quality for the digital economy Optimizes assets & operates efficiently Anticipates and responds to system disturbances (self-heals) Operates resiliently against attack and natural disaster 6 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

GridLAB-D: Design Tool for the Smart Grid GridLAB-D is a DOE-funded, open–source, time-series simulation of all aspects of operating a smart grid GridLAB-D model unifies keys elements of a Smart Grid  Simultaneously solves  power flow,  double-auction markets  end use load behavior in 1000s of homes,  Contributions from  government  industry  academia  Vendors can add or extract own modules  Drives need for high performance computers 7 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Multiple Disciplines are Combined in GridLAB-D . GridLAB-D Power Systems Control Systems Core Markets Buildings 8 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Multiple Disciplines are Combined in GridLAB-D = − V V V D Feeder End = + V V V set desired D < = h l if V V , then V V D D bw bw > = h h if V V , then V V D D bw bw − > if V V V , adjust tap set measured bw > if Q d Q , switch on needed max capacitor . < if Q d Q , switch off needed min capacitor GridLAB-D GridLAB-D Power Systems Power Systems Control Systems Control Systems Core Core Markets Markets Buildings Buildings HVAC Internal Solar Gains Internal HVAC Solar Gains Q gains a r Q Q o l Q s h gains a v c solar T Q Q set Total hvac Heat T set Q Total Q air mass Heat T T T out air mass UA UA env mass Q Q air mass C air C mass T T T out air mass UA UA env mass wholesale Wholesale Market cost Business Ops C C air mass Generation ancillary Ops/SCADA services Transmission transmission Ops/SCADA congestion Distribution distribution Ops/SCADA congestion Energy billing Management impact Control/SCADA 49 9 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Measuring Software Quality Software products are continuously changing and aging (Eick et al. 2001) Software systems evolve in response to demands for change Maintenance Architecture transformation Software re-engineering It is impossible to produce systems of any size which do not change as they develop, so any metric is just a transient thing Measuring the readiness of a software product reflects some combination of quality characteristics estimated at a given moment of time 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Impact of Early Funding Most important constrains for project success:  scope  time  budget Project do not overrun if 10% of project cost is spent before you made a commitment to the cost (Gruel) 11 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

Technology Readiness Level In 70’s NASA started implementing the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) TRL 9 Actual system “flight proven” through successful mission TRL 8 Actual system completed and “flight qualified” through test TRL 7 System prototype demonstration in a space environment and demonstration operations TRL 6 System/subsystem or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment (ground or space) TRL 5 Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment TRL 4 Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment TRL 3 Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept TRL 2 Technology concept and/or application formulated TRL 1 Basic principles observed and reported * wikipedia picture 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG

TRLs Employed by Government Agencies National Aeronautics and Space Department of Defense North Atlantic Treaty TRL Department of Energy (DoE) Administration (NASA) (DOD) Organization (NATO) Basic research with future military 0 N/A N/A N/A capability in mind Basic principles observed and reported Basic principles observed and Initial concept verified against first Basic principles observed and reported principles and evaluation criteria reported in context of a military 1 defined capability shortfall Technology concept and/or application Technology concept and/or Technical options evaluated and Technology concept and/or formulated application formulated parametric ranges are defined for application formulated 2 design Analytical and experimental critical Analytical and experimental Success criteria and technical Analytical and experimental critical 3 function and/or characteristic proof-of- critical function and/or specifications are defined as a function and/or characteristic proof concept characteristic proof of concept range of concept Component and/or breadboard validation Component and/or breadboard Fuel design parameters and Component and/or breadboard in laboratory environment validation in laboratory features defined validation in laboratory/field (eg 4 environment ocean) environment Component and/or breadboard validation Component and/or breadboard Process parameters defined Component and/or breadboard in relevant environment validation in relevant environment validation in a relevant (operating) 5 environment System/subsystem model or prototype System/subsystem model or Fuel safety basis established System/subsystem model or demonstration in a relevant environment prototype demonstration in a prototype demonstration in a 6 (ground or space) relevant environment realistic (operating) environment or context System prototype demonstration in a System prototype demonstration All quantification steps completed System prototype demonstration in space environment in an operational environment and fuel is licensed an operational environment or 7 context (eg exercise) Actual system completed and “flight Actual system completed and Reactor full-core conversion to new Actual system completed and 8 qualified” through test and demonstration “flight qualified” through test and licensed fuel completed qualified through test and (ground or space) demonstration demonstration Actual system “flight proven” through Actual system “flight proven” Routine operations with licensed Actual system operationally proven successful mission operations through successful mission fuel established through successful mission 9 operations operations 13 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copies may not be made or distributed for commercial use Excerpt from PNSQC 2011 PNSQC.ORG