Social Engineering Research : Research Paradigm in Disability Tavee - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Social Engineering Research:

Research Paradigm in Disability

Tavee Cheausuwantavee. Ph.D., Assoc Prof. Ratchasuda College, Mahidol University, Thailand. Tavee.che@mahidol.ac.th , tavee126@hotmail.com

Mahidol Research Expo 2013 Jan 27, 2014 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Outline of presentation

• Global value on disability and “persons

with disabilities” (PWDs)

• Disability research trends: International

and Thailand

• Notes, challenges and further studies

INTRO..

• Disability is a product of an interaction

between characteristics (e.g., conditions or impairments, functional status, or personal and social qualities) of the individual and characteristics of the natural, built, cultural, and social environments (WHO, The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research: NIDRR,

2001 )

The United Nations System & Principal Organs

Trusteeship Council Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council (ECSOC) International Court of Justice Secretariat Ban-Ki-Moon

Committee of Information Human Right

Council

Regional Commissions Economic Commission For Africa (ECA) Economic Commission For Europe (ECE) Economic Commission For Latin America & Caribbean (ECLAC) Economic Commission For Latin America & Caribbean (ECLAC) Economic and Social Commission for

Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

Economic Commission for western Asia (ESCWA)

Specialized Agencies

ILO UNESCO

UNICEF WHO

World Bank IMF etc…..

Disability International Organizations

5

Disability: Global & Local

World/International Region/Continent Country Community/Local

Disability: Medical to Social model

Medical model (ICIDH 1980-2000: International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap) Social model (ICF 2001-present)

ICF (International Classification of

Functioning, Disability and Health)

• ICF defines disability as being the
• utcome of the interaction between a

“person’s health condition” and the “context” in which the person lives.

8

3 principles of ICF

Universal Application: all people experience disability at some point, not only a minority group of people traditionally referred to as disabled. An Integrative Approach: both individual and social factors are considered as bio-psycho-social approach. An Interactive Approach: no single/simple way of describing disability, the complexity and dynamics must be understood and described. (Schneider and Hartley, 2006)

9

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: CRPD.

• March 30, 2007 (New York) the United

Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was open for signature in an official signing ceremony, the signing ceremony marked the first steps in formalizing the Convention into law.

• A country must first sign and then ratify a

Convention for it to become law.

10

Convention and Optional Protocol Signatories & Ratifications

• Convention

– Signatories: Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal,. Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, USA… 158 Countries (Most in the World) – Ratifications: Bangladesh, China, India, Philippines, Thailand, UK, Australia, Japan ...141 Countries

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

• It promotes, protects and ensures of all human

rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities

• Countries need to develop legislation, policy

and strategies on how to implement the provisions under CRPD.

• It covers rights to education, health, work, an

adequate standard of living, social protection and a series of other protective measures

• People with disabilities are equal members of

the community with equal rights and responsibilities

12

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: CRPD

Preamble

• 1. Purpose
• 2. Definitions
• 3. General principles
• 4. General obligations
• 5. Equality and non-discrimination
• 6. Women with disabilities
• 7. Children with disabilities
• 8. Awareness-raising
• 9. Accessibility
• 10. Right to life
• 11. Situations of risk and

humanitarian emergencies

• 12. Equal recognition before the law
• 13. Access to justice
• 14. Liberty and security of the person
• 15. Freedom from torture or cruel,

inhuman or degrading treatment

• r punishment
• 16. Freedom from exploitation,

violence and abuse

• 17. Protecting the integrity of the

person

• 18. Liberty of movement and

nationality

• 19. Living independently and being

included in the community

13

Convention Structure

• 29. Participation in political and

public life

• 30. Participation in cultural life,

recreation, leisure and sport

• 31. Statistics and data

collection

• 32. International cooperation
• 33. National implementation

and monitoring 34 to 40. International monitoring mechanism 41 to 50. Final clauses Optional protocol

• 20. Personal mobility
• 21. Freedom of expression and
• pinion, and access to

information

• 22. Respect for privacy
• 23. Respect for home and the

family

• 24. Education
• 25. Health
• 26. Habilitation and

rehabilitation

• 27. Work and employment
• 28. Adequate standard of living

and social protection

Disability research trends : Global

• Engineering tendon and ligament tissues:

present developments towards successful clinical products. JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE, 2013

• Assessing the Transportation Needs of

Low-Mobility Individuals: Case Study of a Small Urban Community in Utah. JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT-ASCE, 2013

Disability: Global (cont.)

• Ergonomic Analysis and the Need for Its

Integration for Planning and Assessing Construction Tasks. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE, 2012

• Involving Older Adults as Co-researchers

in Social Work Education. EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY, 2014

Disability: Global (cont.)

• From 'for' to 'of': a typology of Maltese

disability organisations. DISABILITY & SOCIETY, 2014

• Understanding views of disability in the

Cote d'Ivoire, DISABILITY & SOCIETY, 2013

• Inclusive curricula in Spanish higher

education? Students with disabilities speak out, DISABILITY & SOCIETY, 2014

Disability: Global (cont.)

• Disability theorising and real-world

educational practice: a framework for

• understanding. DISABILITY & SOCIETY,

2014.

• Learning disability policy and practice:

changing lives? ( Interagency working in health and social care). DISABILITY & SOCIETY, 2014.

Global research projects

• Positivism (sciences)

– Engineering tendon and ligament tissues – Ergonomic Analysis, etc.

• Non-positivism (Social sciences)

– Understanding views of disability – Assessing the Transportation Needs – Disability organisation – Disability policy, – Involving older Adults as Co-researchers , etc.

PWDs population in ASEAN

PWDs in ASEAN

• Difficult to determine the exact number
• Definitions vary in each country
• Methodologies vary in each country
• Different sources or reporters

• Total population
• Pop. of Persons with

disabilities (PWDs)

• Proportion PWDs to

Total Pop.

• Employment rate of

PWDs

• Education rate/access

(Reference: National Statistical Office, 2007)

• 63 (65) millions
• 1.9 millions ( 1.2 mil.

registered)

• 2.9 %
• 28.5 %
• 18.3 %

– Primary Education 9.5 % – Secondary Education 6.0 % – Higher Education 0.5 % – Others 2.3 %

Disability report: Thailand

Disability report: Thailand (cont.)

• National coordination

mechanism (main)

• Affiliated mechanism
• Law and policy:
• National Office of PWDs

(Ministry of Human Security and Social Development

• Ministry of Health,

Education, Labor, Interior, ICT

• The promotion and

Development for Quality

• f Life of PWDs Act 2007
• The Educational

Provision for PWDs Act 2008

Thailand: Disability situations and research trends

• Cheauwantavee, T., Nookeaw, S. and Cheausuwantavee, C.

(2010).Research on Disability in Thailand: Meta-Analysis and Qualitative

• Analysis. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. 5(2):

110-115.

• Cheusuwantavee, T and et al (2011-13). Reformation of social

policy and law related to disability through participation of society in

• Thailand. (ongoing publication).

Disability research in Thailand

• Research projects on disabilities in Thailand have

been more increasingly done especially in 2000-

• 2006. ---disability movement both in Thailand

and global level

• Unfortunately, most projects

– quantitative rather than qualitative studies – low relationships among variables – poor design

• Fortunately, some projects

– medium or large correlation coefficients and high percentage of variation among some variables such as educational designs, teaching and learning model

Disability research: Thailand (cont.)

• The weighted average correlation coefficient (r) of all

researches was 0.21.

– - SMALL EFFECT (Cohen,1988)

• Thus, this research result reflected that

variables studied within researches on disabilities in Thailand have been low relationships and ineffectively selected.

• Further study specifically focuses/ r & d

between a significant couple of variables.

Disability research: Thailand (cont.)

• Suggestions and implications

– Rigorous and qualitative or mixed method researches

• n disabilities should be done

– Researchers or scholars should be continuously promoted and trained their research skills --> peer review – Teaching and learning model that have high correlation coefficients or percentage of variation should be promoted as an innovation for actual setting for persons with disabilities

PWDs in Thailand: Current situation of their QOL

• The majority of legal essences on

the rights and QOL of persons with disabilities have been harmonious each other, uphold CRPD and promote human dignity and equal rights of PWDs without discrimination.

• Anyway, it has not met or complied

with the real situations or implementation.

Jan 27, 2014

• Dr. Cheauswantavee , T. et al

27

Findings: Many negative aspects

– Health: difficult accessibility and no more availability – Education: discrimination and no more educational access especially in secondary and post- secondary education

Jan 27, 2014

• Dr. Cheauswantavee , T. et al

28

QOL: Negative aspects

– Employment: unemployment

• f the majority of PWDs, low

incomes and uncertain jobs of disabled workers – Social inclusion: the negative aspects include negative attitudes toward PWDs of majority of people in society

Jan 27, 2014

• Dr. Cheauswantavee , T. et al

29

QOL: Positive aspects

– Increasing schools and various educational approaches for PWDs – Increasing employment rate and positive attitudes of employers toward PWDs – Increasing DPOs, networks and IL (Independent living) centers

Jan 27, 2014

• Dr. Cheauswantavee

30

Findings: Some positive aspects

– Unconditional supporters/healers for PWDs of their mothers and families – Development of useful techniques and skills in medical and educational rehabilitation for PWDs among researchers

Jan 27,2014

• Dr. Cheauswantavee

31

Notes

• Discrimination against and lack of opportunities for

PWDs have been still taken place not only in Thailand but also the US, UK or other countries

• Roles of families and communities should be more

concerned on services and advocacies for PWDs.

• Effective enforcement of laws probably can be done

through the uniqueness of laws, positive attitudes toward PWDs and certain cooperation among stakeholders

• Rigorous design and published papers should be

promoted.

Jan, 27, 2014

• Dr. Cheauswantavee , T. et al

32

Notes (cont.)

• Continuous monitoring and filed research on quality of

life of PWDs need to be done from Current comprehensive survey -to (Participatory Action Research) PAR

• Representatives from related ministries should be

established

• Lawyers/policy makers should enact laws/policies on

research basis / empirical data

• Family and community-based services for PWDs within

contextual and religion concern should be legally promoted and supported

PWDs ,System& Environment

PWDs Family School Work place Peer National Global/International Politic Economic Social & culture

Community & PWDs

Notes and further exploration

• Disability is a product of an interaction between

characteristics (e.g., conditions or impairments, functional status, or personal and social qualities) of the individual and characteristics of the natural, built, cultural, and social environments.

• The paradigm in this case applies not to a single

field, but to a single phenomenon-- "disability''-- as it is investigated by multiple disciplinary fields.

Notes and further exploration

• Measures must enable researchers to

predict and understand changes

• The link between underlying social and

environmental conditions:

– poverty, race, culture, isolation, the age continuum, – new causes of disability, new disability syndromes – distribution of disability among various population groups in our society

Proposed research topics

Health

• Delivery and financing of health care
• Institutionalization VS. Deinstitutionalization
• Long-term care
• Aging (and disability) society

Education

• Education inclusive education
• Educational opportunity, accessibility and

transition services

Proposed research topics (cont.)

Employment and career

• Employment, Income support
• Labour market need , Social enterprise

Basic info for every studies

• Social, cultural, and attitudinal

developments

Proposed research topics (cont.)

Social integration

• Transportation
• Social services
• Telecommunications
• Universal design/ modular design,

assistive technology, new technological developments.

Lesson learned from “CBR”: “Characters of Community based Research(er)”

• C = Creation & Challenge
• CBR is not the best but alternative approach for enhancing

quality of life of PWDs. Thus individuals involving CBR need to be creative man for appropriate approach within variety of contexts.

• B = Broad mind.
• CBR needs cooperation of many sectors and resources.

Thus individuals involving CBR need to be broaden mind to deal with the different others. multidisciplinary research

• R = Resistance.
• CBR is not easy to conduct and slow outputs/outcomes.

Thus individuals involving CBR need to be patient and resist to problems or obstacles usually occurring.

Questions & Sharing

• Thank you for your attention and

participation

References and additional readings

• Cheausuwantavee, T. (2007). Beyond community based rehabilitation:

consciousness and meaning. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal . 18(1): 101-109.

• Cheausuwantavee, T. (2009). Appropriateness and consciousness in

community based rehabilitation through participatory action research. The Review of Disability Studies. 5(3): 53-63.

• Cheauwantavee, T., Nookeaw, S. and Cheausuwantavee, C.

(2010).Research on Disability in Thailand: Meta-Analysis and Qualitative

• Analysis. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences.

5(2): 1- 10.

• Cheusuwantavee, T, and Sumrid, K.( 2011). Synthesis of social policies

and laws regarding disabilities in Thailand. Manuscript for presentation in The 27 Annual Pacific Rim Conference, April 18-19, 2011. Hawaii, USA.

• NCSET.(2005). Essential tools improving secondary education and

transition for youth with disabilities: Community resource mapping.

• TransCen. Inc.

References and additional readings (cont.)

• Crowe, K.T., Picchiarini S. and Poffenroth, T.(2004) . Community

Participation: Challenges for People With Disabilities Living in Oaxaca, Mexico, and New Mexico, United States. Occupation, Participation and

• Health. 24(2), No. 2:
• Dijkers, P M.(2010). Issues in conceptualization and measurement of
• participation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 91(1): S5-S15.
• Edwards, C.(2008). Participative urban renewal? Disability, community, and

partnership in New Labour’s urban policy. Environment and Planning A. 40: 1664-1680.

• Green, W, L. (2001). Can public heath researchers and agencies reconcile the

push from funding bodies and the pull from communities?. American Journal of Public Health. 91(12): 1926-1929.

• Hershenson, D. B. (1998). Systemic, ecological model for rehabilitation
• counseling. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 42, 40-50.
• ILO, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO.(2002). Community Based Rehabilitation:

CBR with and for People with Disabilities. Draft Joint Position Paper. Geneva: WHO.

• International Labour Organization(ILO).(2006). Achieving equal

employment opportunities for people with disabilities through legislation: An education and training guide. Switzerland.

References and additional readings (cont.)

• Kaehne, A, and Beyer, S.(2009). Transition partnerships: the

view of education professionals and staff in support services for young people with learning disabilities. British Journal of Special Education. 36(2): 112-119.

• Kormann, J R and Petronko, R M.(2003). Crisis and revolution

in developmental disabilities: The Dilemma of community based services. The Behavior Analysis Today. 3(4): 434-441.

• Kuipers, P, Wirz, S and Hartley, S.(2008). Systematic synthesis
• f community-based rehabilitation (CBR) project evaluation

report for evidence based policy: a proof of concept study.(2008). BMC International Health and Human Rights. 8(3): 1-15.

• Litchfield, R. and MacDougall, C.(2002). Professional issues

for physiotherapists in family centered and community based

• settings. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 48: 105-112.

References and additional readings (cont.)

• MacQueen, M,K. , MacLellan, E., Metzger,S. D., Kegeles, S., Strauss, P.R.,

Scotti, R. Blanchard, L. and Trotter, T.R. (2001). What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health. American Journal of Public Health. 91(12): 1929-1938.

• National Council on Disability(2007). The Impact of the Americans with

Disabilities Act: Assessing the Progress Toward Achieving the Goals of the

• ADA. Avialbel http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/publications/2007/ada_impact_07-

26-07.htm, Feb 19,2011

• Ottmann, G, Laragy, C and Damonze, G.(2009). Consumer participation in

designing community based consumer -directed disability care: Lessons from a participatory action research- inspired project. Syst Prac Action Res.22: 31-44.

• Penelope J. Weller, 2009(Autralia (2009). Human Rights and Social Justice: The

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Quiet Revolution in International Law. The Journal of Law and Social Justice. 4:74-91.

References and additional readings (cont.)

• WHO,ILO,UNESCO.(2007). DRAFT of CBR Guidelines. Review copy of DRAFT

publication: Not for general distribution. Geneva, Switzerland

• World Health Organization (WHO)(1994). Community Based Rehabilitation and the

Health Care Referral Services: A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva.

• http://www.accessiblesociety.org/topics/demographics-identity/newparadigm.htm
• http://www2.agendaasia.org/index.php/information/disability-in-asean/88-

disability-in-southeast-asian-countries